Yintoni ulwimi Aesop, yaye yintoni na nokubaluleka kwayo ngoncwadi lwanamhlanje

Thina sivile amaxesha amaninzi ibinzana elithi "Aesop ulwimi." Ntoni eli gama kwaye oko kwenzeka phi? Akwaziwa nokuba umntu onjalo baphila, okanye umfanekiso ehlangeneyo. Zininzi amavo ngaye, ibali lobomi bakhe kwathiwa kumaXesha Aphakathi. Ngokutsho legend, yena wazalwa kule BC ngenkulungwane VI. e. e Asia Minor Noko ke, waza waba likhoboka i laseLidiya ukumkani uCroesus, ingqondo wasisebenzisa, inemithombo nakukwazi wanceda bafumane inkululeko yakhe udumo kwizizukulwana ezininzi.

Kakade ke, ukuba uyise ukusekwa kwale ndlela okokuqala kwaye basebenzisa ulwimi of Aesop. Imizekelo kusinika banentsomi othi uCroesus, akuba basela kakhulu, baqala ukuqinisekisa, ukuba ndingasela ulwandle waza wenza yokubheja, ngokubeka esibondeni ebukumkanini bakhe bonke. Ngentsasa elandelayo, eyingcathu, ukumkani wafuna uncedo umkhonzi wakhe; bambeka ngedinga lokumnika inkululeko yakhe ukuba uya kumhlangula ngayo. Umkhonzi onengqiqo wamcebisa ukuba athi: "Mna wathembisa ukuba ndisele kuphela elwandle, akukho imilambo imilambo aqukuqelayo kuwo. Ubavalele, yaye ndiza ndilimise kuni ilizwi lam. " Yaye ekubeni kungekho namnye unako ukuhlangabezana nale meko, uCroesus waphumelela ukubheja.

Njengoko kwekhoboka, ngoko ungumkhululwa, kwesilumko, wabhala zintsomi, leyo wagculelwa ubulima, ukubawa, ubuxoki, nezinye izinto ezimbi abantu wayesazi - uninzi inkosi yakhe yangaphambili kunye nabahlobo bakhe lwekhoboka-TV. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba indoda kwanyanzeleka, ngoko wamambesa esibalisayo umfanekiso wakhe, periphrasis, wabhenela njengobuxoki, kunye njengamaqhawe abo kwakuthe phantsi amagama ezilwanyana - iimpungutye, iingcuka, amahlungulu, njl Oku ulwimi of Aesop. Lemifanekiso emabalini funny baba lula ukuluqonda, kodwa "AMAGQABAZA ▸ 'ayikwazanga ukwenza nantoni na ngaphandle cwaka ngumsindo. Ekugqibeleni, iintshaba watyala Aesop yabiwa endlwini wesitya, baza bathi kuye ababingeleli Ugcino ubusela kunye iitempile. Nomfundisi wanikwa ukhetho lokwazisa njengekhoboka - kulo mzekelo, umnikazi wayo kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule kuphela isohlwayo. Kodwa Aesop bakhetha ukuhlala simahla yaye ukwamkela isohlwayo. Ngokutsho legend, waphoswa esiphelweni e Ugcino.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa isigqebelo, kodwa allegorically yegama lakhe Aesop yaba ngunozala na uhlobo yoncwadi, njengoko entsomini. Xa elandelayo zwilakhe kunye impazamo lenkululeko yokuvakalisa iintsomi uhlobo ewuthanda ithandwa enkulu, yaye uMdali walo liqhawe ngokwenene kwimemori izizukulwana. Sinokuthi ulwimi of Aesop kude waphila ngumdali yakhe. Ngenxa yoko, e Vatican Museum igcinwe Antique isitya unqaphele bafaniswe (by ilejendi, Ezop balihlutha imbonakalo embi kwaye unqaphele), kunye Fox, ebalisa into - abagxeki bakholelwa ukuba ukhokho isitya zime intsomi. Ababhali-mbali bathi xa sculpture othi "Izazi ezisixhenxe" eAthene wayemi kanye oqingqiweyo ka-Aesop mgawuli Lysippos. Ke kwabakho ingqokelela umbhali zintsomi, kuqulunqwe engaziwa.

In KumaXesha Aphakathi, Aesop ulwimi yayithandwa kakhulu: edume "Tale of the Fox" yenziwa ngaloo ndlela isimbo allusive, kunye nemifanekiso impungutye, ingcuka, umqhagi, idonki kunye nezinye izilwanyana wadlala lonke iqembu elibusayo kunye abefundisi beCawa yamaRoma. Le ndlela ukuthetha nalezo, kodwa kwacaca kwaye ide, ewuthanda Lafontaine, Saltykov-Shchedrin, eyaziwa slagatel zintsomi Krylov kaThixo, fabulist Ukrainian Glebe. ImiZekeliso Aesop iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi, zenziwe zibe nemvano-siphelo. Abaninzi kuthi esikolweni ngokuqinisekileyo intsomi njengonomyayi kunye mpungutye, impungutye kunye iidiliya aziwayo - ezi amabali amafutshane moralizing amabali basungule lobulumko kodwa ngezinto zakudala.

Asinako ukuba ulwimi of Aesop, ogama ixabiso ngexesha imo apho yokuhlolwa ngukumkani, namhlanje awungeni ndawo. style Allusive, musa ukubiza ngqo ezijolise of uvuthondaba, "ileta" yayo ngokungathi iguqulelwe ukuya kumhloli karhulumente engqongqo, "umoya" - umfundi. Ekubeni ubomi kubemi zokwenene phantsi ukuba nesigqubuthelo ugxekwa, kulula ukuzibona. Kwaye ngaphezu koko nokuba: indlela quirky ukuhlekwa, luzele usingiselo efihlakeleyo efuna imiqondiso efihlakeleyo kunye nemifanekiso otgadki kakhulu umdla kubafundi ngaphandle kokuba abasemagunyeni isimangalo ngqo kwaye aluhlaza nawaphi na amatyala nangakumbi, ngokunjalo izinto of Aesop ulwimi indawo nkqu nabo ababhali kunye iintatheli abangenanto uloyiko. ukusetyenziswa kwayo sibona kucholacholo lweendaba, nobuntatheli, kunye namaphetshana ngemiba yangoku yezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo.