Hildegard of Bingen: biography, uluhlu lwemisebenzi

Hildergada waba abbess waseJamani, Benedictines, engundoqo woonongendi indela iRhine emlanjeni. Umbhali imisebenzi limangalisa, motets kunye nomculo. Kwakhona idume imisebenzi yakhe phezu amayeza kunye neti namakhambi.

Ukuqala ubomi kunye nolutsha

Hildegard of Bingen wazalwa malunga 1098, nangona umhla ngqo ayaziwa. Abazali bakhe ekuqaleni evela kurhulumente waseJamani ka Hesse. Yiyo le abameli asebukhosini, uyise waye Count Maginhardu. Wayegula kwasekuzalweni kwayo, Hildegard ngokwemveli uthathwa mncinane kubantwana abalishumi, njalo uyagula. Ekubeni le ntombazana waba buhlungu, badla bayamenywa ukuba oogqirha kunye lendela basekuhlaleni. Hildegard of Bingen, ogama engobomi ayaziwa ngokubanzi, babehlala kwixesha amaxesha anomngcipheko ephakathi nzima.

life

Hildegard of Bingen - ngumbhali iingoma ezininzi zonqulo life. umsebenzi wakhe imbeko ibandla yamaLuthere. Hildegarde wathi: "Mna ayizange ifundiswe nabani na, kuba andizange ndafunda notation zomculo okanye nayiphi na ingoma." Wathi yena waqamba waza wacula ikwayara uncuthu, enqwenela ukuba bamzukise uThixo abangcwele bayo.

Pesnopeniya ukuba iye yabhalwa, imelwe nto Hildegard njengoko theophany ngamaxesha athile okanye inkalo ngokomzimba phambi koThixo. Yonke imihla, yena kunye noodadewabo wayecula kwiiyure umthandazo kunye psalmody. Isiseko inkonzo lazo zonqulo bakaThixo, abo bathatha inxaxheba "symphony ubumnandi nezityhilelo ezulwini." Ingaba igama Hildegard wanika imisebenzi yakhe eziqokelelweyo.

Kuba Hildegard umculo liphuma phantse ukusa kwinqanaba amiswa, eqondisa alikukugqibelela inceba nguThixo iikwayara ezulwini phezu kwabantu ngayo kuloo maxesha xa izandi uvuyo nolonwabo wengoma. Ndela ubona kukho unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi uphindaphindo "umsebenzi kaThixo" (íOpus Dei) njengenxalenye yobomi emishini ngokwesiko St. Benedict kunye obungunaphakade ukuvumelana olutshintshayo indalo, ulondolozo kunye nokuphuculwa ehlabathini. Imbali oluphangaleleyo usindiso yintloko ephambili emininzi imisebenzi yakhe, amabali izibongo yokomfuziselo. Ngapha koko, xa ilizwi lika likaThixo ithi uThixo wadala ihlabathi ekuqaleni kwexesha, ihlabathi wabekwa lentsimi yayo ezintle, kunye maqhinga ngolunya bakaMtyholi sichithwe.

Nangona akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthi ga ngoku ngokuchanileyo bonke kuqamba umculo Hildegard, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukucinga ukuba uninzi lwabo ngamalungu kwiminyaka nama-1140-1160. Ngasinye kwabhalwa iintsuku ezithile kunye namaxesha kwikhalenda ecaweni. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ubume - antiphons; ezi ndinyana kuculwa phambi nasemva nganye iiNdumiso ngexesha umthandazo emishini, lo gama ixesha eyaziwa ngokuba antiphons yokubonga, ukuze abulawe ngokwahlukileyo zaso ezahlukeneyo, kuquka kolo hambo.

Kukwakho nezinye iintlobo zomculo, umzekelo, inani iivesi solo beman kunye peniyami weekwayara. Bona ziqhutywa emvuselelweni (kusasa). Kukho amaculo ezo kuculwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ebudeni Mass woonongendi; Oku kulungisiweyo zomculo phakathi leyo kuculwa Haleluya kunye weVangeli; Mass, apho kwisitanza ngasinye mibala zayo jikelele emnandi, yahlulwa phakathi ndinyana zimbini.

imibono

Legend yokuba ngunongendi ndisemncinane kakhulu imibono namaphupha angaqhelekanga. Hildegarde wathi wabona "isithunzi ukukhanya ephilileyo" eneminyaka engama emithathu iminyaka emihlanu baqala ukuqonda ukuba namava imibono. Wasebenzisa igama elithi "Visio" kwaye wavuma ukuba isipho wayengakwazi ukuchazela abanye. Hildegard Bingenskaya wachaza ukuba baqonda zonke izinto ekukhanyeni uThixo izivamvo ezintlanu: emehlweni, ukuva, incasa, ivumba kunye kwebala. Yena mathidala ukwabelana iimbono zabo, ebaxelela kuphela indela esiphezulu. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, nangoku waba ezininzi iimpawu. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-42, Hildegard waba nombono ukuba ingqalelo uphawu evela kuThixo, wagqiba ukubhala phantsi izinto ozibonileyo nozivileyo.

ngokuphila emishini

Mhlawumbi ngenxa emibonweni Hildegard, okanye njengendlela kwempembelelo abazali kwezopolitiko baye bacela ukuba athumele ukuba i Imibono weemonki, esasimi kwi Palatinate Forest. Umhla kufunyenwe Hildegard ukuya woonongendi akukho ngqo kwaziwa. Kronike bathi waqala ukuba avume ixhegwazana, Jutta, intombi Count Stephen II of Sponhayma, eneminyaka engama esibhozo. Kwi-m 1112, xa Hildegarde wayeneminyaka elishumi elinamine, wathabatha isifungo inkonzo baza baqalisa ukuhlala nabanye abafazi woonongendi kunye imvume nentsikelelo zikabhishophu.

Emva kokufa Jutta esele 1136 Hildegard waye ngamxhelo wonyulwa njengoko inkosi-zoluntu noonongendi oogxa yayo. Hildegarde uthi ezincwadini zakhe Jutta bamfundisa ukufunda nokubhala, ngokuba waba akafundanga, ngoko akazange akwazi ukufunda ukutolika seBhayibhile. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, Hildegard kunye Jutta basebenza kunye woonongendi yaye nguSihlalo yoluntu esikhulayo ngabafazi, incamathele kuyo. Kwakhona Jutta waba Njengemboni ngaloo umdla abalandeli ezininzi.

ukuqamba abbess

Ndela kuye udale ulwimi lwalo, uyise ka-Esperanto, waza wayibiza ngokuba ignota ririmi, bona bubonakala "ulwimi engaziwayo". kakhulu ke ndicinge ukubhala ileta ethile, nje kuphuhliso kwayo umbhali Hildegard of Bingen. Book, ukuba zijolise ekuqondeni ngemvelo yobuThixo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi wakhe 'Kwi nohlobo engaphakathi indalo ezahlukeneyo zendalo "ubalisa ibali ukukhulelwa aphakathi zehlabathi nendalo. A lot of ingcamango kule miba Hildegard of Bingen. ubuchule wakhe kwakugcwele ethanda uThixo nabantu.

impiliso

Ukongezelela somculo, waba kumnyangi italente kunye igqirha. iincwadi bakhe ukonakaliswa banceda uninzi. Ngokomthetho yiyo zokupheka tinctures eengcambu kunye decoctions. Xa umsebenzi wakhe 'Physics "ichaza imifuno, iiminerali, imithi, amatye, izilwanyana, isinyithi kunye iimpawu zazo zithwala zonyango kunye non-nezinyangayo. Nun odumileyo zokupheka amayeza broths yayo nemifuno.

Uninzi iingcebiso zonyango Hildegard kuphela zembali, kodwa kukho ulwazi kunye amacebiso ezihambelana namhlanje. imisebenzi yakhe emnandi zisetyenziswa kwengqondo kunye psychotherapists kwaye ngoku ukuphilisa amanxeba ngokweemvakalelo.

Ukufa uphawu kwimbali

September 17, 1179, xa kwayimini yokufa kwakhe, indela zabanga ukuba uyibonile imilambo ezimbini ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni, wawuwela igumbi apho ukufa Hildegard of Bingen. oodade-Ko- Reviews besazithetha inceba yakhe ubukhalipha self-ulonwabo. Kungenxa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ushiye thina umculo wakhe, ingqokelela izincoko kunye neencwadi ekwenzeni amayeza.

Isebenza:

• "Yazi indlela";
• "INcwadi ubomi amalungisa";
• "Incwadi yendalo kaThixo" kunye nabanye ngoku abantu ekukhanyeni yokholo.

Hildegard of Bingen lamiselwa abangcwele ibandla yamaLuthere bahlonipha nebandla namaProtestanti. Wayephila iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesibini.