Yintoni leishmaniasis? iintlobo leishmaniasis

Amaxesha amaninzi abantu abajongene nezifo ulusu: yabangxamayo livela, inxeba ayide icace into uhlobo niyagrenyana, kodwa ngandlela akuqhelekanga. Amaxesha amaninzi ingcongconi niyagrenyana unako ukuba idlulele ekubeni izifo, uhlobo oluthile apho izifo ezifana leishmaniasis. Oku malunga nesifo kunye nentetho namhlanje. Ngoko ke, yintoni na leishmaniasis?

ukuba nombono

Leishmaniasis - yinto igciwane esizibonakalisa ayiyi kuphela kubantu kodwa izilwanyana. Iarhente causative nto nje uhlobo Leishmania, kwaye isasazeka ngokuthi ukulunywa iingcongconi Lutzomyia.

elibangela Leishmania kwenzeka ikakhulu kumazwe afumileyo: Asia, eAfrika, South America.

Amaninzi, emithonjeni sifo ukuba sele bosulelekile abantu, izilwanyana, canines (iimpungutye, iingcuka okanye oodyakalashe), apha ekhaya, nezikrekrethi.

izifo ezosulelayo kunye nenkqubo impiliso elide yaye kunzima, yingozi hayi kuphela ngabantu kodwa ukuba isilwanyana - it leishmaniasis. Umjikelo wobomi neentsholongwane ezibangela le zesifo elide kakhulu. Okokuqala iingcongconi bosulelekile. Emva koko, usulelo ungena kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, nto leyo ivuthiwe ukuba uhlobo oqolileyo leishmaniasis kodwa abe ifom flagellar mobile. Lokwandisa kwi ingcongconi emqaleni ngexesha kukulunywa entsha, iye ibafake enxebeni kuchaphazela iiseli epithelial okanye amalungu oluntu okanye isilwanyana.

Leishmaniasis: uhlobo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kwesi sifo, kwaye ngamnye ngendlela yaso kuyingozi ukuba umzimba womntu:

• Skin.
• Singabhalwa.
• leishmaniasis Visceral.
• Mucocutaneous.
• Viscerotropic.

Eyona engundoqo zesifo leishmaniasis

Iimpawu eziphambili zale sifo zithathwa izilonda emzimbeni womntu. Ukuze babonakale phakathi kweeveki ezimbalwa okanye iinyanga emva buluma zithwala kwezinambuzane usulelo. Olunye uphawu inokuba fever, uqale kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba elunyiwe. Ixesha angadlula ngokwaneleyo, kwezinye iimeko, yaye malunga nonyaka. Kwakhona, esi sifo sichaphazela isibindi udakada, ukuba umphumo ube anemia.

Xa amayeza, uphawu lokuqala leishmaniasis na wawandisa udakada: ubukhulu, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ngaphezulu esibindini. Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezine leishmaniasis:

1. Visceral. Le yenye yeentlobo unzima kakhulu kwesi sifo. Ukuba ngaba uqala unyango kwangoko, isifo kunokukhokelela ekufeni.
2. leishmaniasis Cutaneous. Kucingwa enye kwezi ntlobo zixhaphakileyo. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba elunyiwe, intlungu kuvela endaweni yayo. Aphilise le ndlela esi sifo kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, yaye ke abantu baya khumbula ngaye, ujonge kukuqulungana sifo.
3. Kuyenye yeendlela leishmaniasis cutaneous - olu hlobo sifo isagquba, imbonakalo yayo ufana kakhulu iqhenqa, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukunyanga.
4. ifomu yangaphakathi. Ukuqala kunye nezilonda ulusu, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela umonakalo inyama, ingakumbi ngokumalunga umlomo kunye nempumlo.

Concept kunye nezimpawu leishmaniasis visceral

Leishmaniasis Visceral - luhlobo sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa Leishmania. Kukho umkhuhlane xa andise olu hlobo iintsholongwane indlela hematogenous ukusuka kugxila kwinjongo ephambili zokugula nayiphi na amalungu oluntu: kwesibindi, udakada, iindawo nkovu, nkqu ukuya umongo wethambo. Micro-eziphilayo emzimbeni nande ngokukhawuleza, kubangele umonakalo.

Kaninzi oku sifo ngabantwana. Le okuthatha ezimbini elide, maxa wambi ithatha iinyanga ezintlanu. Izifo uqala ngonyawo lonwabu, kodwa udidi wokuphila, okutshabalalayo kwiindawo ikho, ukuba ingaqala ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu leishmaniasis Visceral yinto eqhelekileyo. Phantse kuyo yonke imiba ziyafana: oluthile, ubuthathaka umzimba uphela, silale, gcwalisa ukungabi namdla. Fever iqala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. It wayiphumelela ngumtshangatshangiso, ubushushu bomzimba nga degrees 40. Emva koko kuza imeko isiqabu encinane kwakhona ukunika indlela eya lobushushu eliphezulu, apho ngaphandle ndinkqonkqoza nzima kakhulu.

Unako kwakhona ukubona iimpawu izifo zolusu ezifana leishmaniasis visceral. iimpawu kunye noku kulandelayo: lisuke labuna ulusu kunye namona nombala yaye ngokufuthi legazi. Nikelani ingqalelo iindleko kunye nenkqubo emithanjeni - kwiindawo nkovu ziphangalalisiwe.

Iimpawu eziphambili leishmaniasis visceral

Olona phawu iphambili sifo unesiphako sokuqala, nto leyo inokuba enye, ngoko ke uhlolo wokuqala kubonwa. Kubonakala ngathi iqhakuva encinane kugungxula songeza flake. Oku kwenzeka kuloo ndawo apho amanzi ebewenze silume umntu ophethe isinambuzane okanye isilwanyana canine, umzimba ene-arhente causative of leishmaniasis visceral.

uphawu rhoqo, nto leyo kwindawo yokuqala kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo, lo wawandisa udakada wesibindi. Loo spleen kwandisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, yaye emva kokuba isibini kweenyanga emva kokuba usulelo uthabathe icala lasekhohlo iyonke peritoneum. Xa touch lwamaqumrhu baba ashinyeneyo, kodwa intlungu apho. Isibindi yandiswa hayi ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ibonakala ukuphazamiseka enzima kakhulu imisebenzi ukuya ascites.

Ukuba usindwa ngu isifo lomongo wethambo, iimpawu zibonakale yi thrombocytopenia kunye agranulocytosis, leyo kufuneka ikhatshwe umqala obuhlungu. Into yokuqala ukuze sibonwe emzimbeni womntu - lo ukuvela okukhawulezayo amabala isakhi elinombala.

leishmaniasis Cutaneous

Le Leishmaniasis sifo kuqhelekile kakhulu kwaye ngeendlela eziliqela, omnye kubo lo leishmaniasis cutaneous. Veliswa ka pathogen lwenzeka kwi kwizihlunu zomzimba womntu, apho Leishmania ivuthwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye ijike ibe kwindawo bezzhgutikovyh. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba isiza ephambili izifo, kunye nokusekwa granuloma. It iqulathe iiseli epithelial kunye neeseli plasma, macrophage kunye lymphocyte. iimveliso ukwaphuka kunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu ukudumba ukuba uyakwazi ukufikelela lymphangitis okanye lymphadenitis.

Symptomatology of cutaneous

Ixesha okuthatha of leishmaniasis cutaneous ziinyanga malunga enye enesiqingatha. Khetha ingaba zigaba ezininzi ezingundoqo zesi sifo:

1. Imbonakalo tubercle kwi nesikhumba neendyebo zalo ngokukhawuleza. imilinganiso yalo ngaphakathi 2 cm.
2. Le isilonda kuvela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, babugubungela a uqweqwe obhityileyo leyo iyapheliswa kamva, yaye phezu komhlaba kubonakala ngezantsi baluthuthu ezipinki nangokulila, isilonda ukusekwa kamva. Isilonda imiphetho waphakamisa kancinci kwaye evakalala.
3. Nolusu. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva ezantsi kwethumba icaciswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye wayifulela granulations, kwixesha elizayo zonke ezi umonakalo.

Eyona engundoqo zimpawu cutaneous

Akukho kuphela uhlobo esemaphandleni, kodwa kwakhona ezisezidolophini, yaye azahlukanga kakhulu enye kwenye, kodwa kuyafuneka ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba kukho ezinye iinkalo ezisisiseko ezikuvumela ukwahlula.

Ingongoma ephambili nebalulekileyo kakhulu - Yiyo le ke imbali echanekileyo ngokucokisekileyo. exposure elide kwindawo ezidolophini okanye emaphandleni ibonisa ngakwicala luhlobo esi sifo. uhlobo yesikhumba kusoloko kusenzeka ngeendlela samabanga, kodwa isixeko athathe onke lweentlobo ezikhoyo.

uhlobo Mucocutaneous lwesifo

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zingentla esi sifo, kukho omnye eliqhelekileyo kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu - oko Singabhalwa leishmaniasis kwesikhumba (espundia). Oku kubangelwa neengcongconi.

Ukususela impovane bada Iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo ingathatha iinyanga ezi-3. Kuloo ndawo apho umntu ulunywe yingcongconi, oko kwasekwa isilonda nzulu. Oku kubandakanya iimpahla isifo, nkovu kunye negazi. Konke oku kukhokelela iingxaki entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye kakhulu, ALS ayikho ekhuthazayo.

leishmaniasis yabantu naziphi na iintlobo ezikhoyo zinobungozi kakhulu, njengoko kuchaphazela enyama yangaphakathi, ezo kakuhle wakhonza unyango, efana udakada wesibindi. Kungenxa yesi sizathu, oogqirha bacebisa ekuqaleni uziva mnandi, yiya esibhedlele xa nisaqala zesi sifo sinokunyangeka ngokukhawuleza sakugcina nomthelela.

Ezinye iintlobo zezifo leishmaniasis

Sele wachaza ezinye iintlobo ezisisiseko kwesi sifo njengoko leishmaniasis, kodwa kukho iindidi ezimbalwa kusenokuba kuba rhoqo ezinjalo, kodwa yingozi ngabantu:

1. leyshmanioma yokulandelelana - ubukho ukungunda zaseprayimari kongezwe lweempawu zamabanga ngohlobo maqhuqhuva ezincinane.
2. leishmaniasis Tuberculoid. izigulane Photo zibonisa ukuba iimpawu zokugula kuvela kwindawo kweefomu lokuqala okanye kwindawo kwesiva. Ngelo xesha linye isiphene ephambili ebangela ubukho tubercles ezincinane lipholi etyheli, akukho ezinkulu ngaphezu kwentloko kanotaka.
3. leishmaniasis kwentamo. Olu hlobo esi sifo ngokufuthi kwenzeka kubantu abane okukwazi eliphantsi kwaye zibandakanya izilonda olubanzi sisilonda ulusu kunye nenkqubo ezigulo ezondeleyo.

Yintoni leishmaniasis, siyakuqonda nokuxilonga njani, achaze ngakumbi.

Iintlobo isifo leishmaniasis

uxilongo lwezonyango ze leishmaniasis isigulane ibekwe ngokusekelwe data epidemiological kunye nomfanekiso clinical. Ukubamba ukuqinisekisa ubukho besi sifo kuya kunceda laboratory kokuxilongwa. Leishmaniasis asombulule le ndlela zilandelayo:

• Uphando iintsholongwane: thatha kokuphalwa nezilonda kunye tubercles.
• uviwo engabonakali: isigulane sithathwa smear okanye drop zamafu. Lendlela ukubona ubukho Leishmania ezinemibala yi Romanovsky-Gimza.

• Wenza i biopsy kwesibindi kunye udakada, kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu ukwenza lomongo wethambo punctate.
• iindlela ze-serological ezifana RGC, Ifa, kunye nabanye.

Iindlela ngokuchanileyo emisela kukho isixa esikhulu, yaye ngamnye kubo uza kubonisa iinkcukacha ezininzi echanekileyo kwaye ibonisa ubukho ebantwini zezifo ezifana leishmaniasis. Uxilongo kwixesha elifutshane iya kuqinisekisa nobungozi besi sifo.

unyango

Yintoni leishmaniasis, nendlela nokuxilonga ngayo, sele ichaziwe. Makhe sithethe kancinane ngayo lwenziwa njani unyango.

Xa uhlobo visceral of pentavalent kwistibhiya amachiza asetyenziswa:

1. "Pentostam". Oku kulawulwa yegazi kwisigulana, pre-exutywe glucose-5% isisombululo. Ichiza nazo zinokusetyenziswa intramuscularly. Ikhosi ye unyango ihlala ngenyanga.
2. "Glyukantim". Ichiza ingasetyenziswa ngendlela enye njenge "Pentostam". Ukuba sifo imilo enzima, ithamo angandiswa kwaye wandise unyango kwenye nyanga, kodwa oko kungenziwa kuphela ngemvume gqirha khona.
3. "Solyusurmin". Ichiza linokwenziwa yegazi okanye intramuscularly, unyango kufuneka kuqale nge 0,02 g nganye ubunzima bomzimba kg. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kwiintsuku 20 idosi inyuswe ku-1.6 g / kg.

Kwakhona, xa kukho uhlobo enkulu kakhulu kwesi sifo inika unyango iziyobisi elihle "amphotericin B". Ithamo yokuqala 0.1 mg / kg. Ngokuthe ngcembe kwandisa kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-2 g ngosuku. Yazisa ichiza butofelwe, yawo ngaphambili ixutywe kumxube iswekile.

Kule meko zinzima, xa onke amachiza asetyenziswa kwaye azizange iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, ukumisela utyando - splenectomy. Emva msebenzi, isigulane ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ebuyela esiqhelweni, kodwa kuphela umngcipheko nezinye izifo ezosulelayo.

Xa imilo isikhumba sifo lungasetyenziswa onke amalungiselelo, siye ezichazwe ngasentla, kwaye ngaphezu atyumbe lokushushubeza yiultraviolet zokukhanya.

Imiphumo leishmaniasis

Abantu abane kunye nonyango isiphumo emva zizifo ezosulelayo ezifana leishmaniasis, edidayo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uhlobo visceral of nokufunyenwe iingxaki ezinzulu, nangenxa ubomi isigulane oko kuyingozi kakhulu, ukuba unyango ngexesha sifo azithathelwa ngqalelo kwaye ukulimaza kakhulu emzimbeni.

Ngenxa yoko, ifomu eluswini, ingakumbi uhlobo ehlasela, nesikhumba kuhlala amanxeba. Ngokukodwa, ngokwaneleyo amatyala kakhulu kusenokuba utshintsho elimele.

iingxaki kunokwenzeka

iingxaki kangangoko leishmaniasis sifo (iifoto izigulane nesi sifo inokufumaneka kwinqaku lethu). I kamva esi sifo esifunyenweyo unyango iqale inkqubo, kungona umngcipheko iingxaki kakhulu. Xa leishmaniasis bakwazi ukuthatha le fomu ilandelayo:

• Isibindi ukungaphumeleli, ukuqina kunye ascites ngumthwalo.
• igazi kakhulu kwaye zisasazwe coagulation intravascular.
• amyloidosis kwezintso.
• Nezilonda kwi ingaphakathi lokugaya.

Xa iingxaki isifo cutaneous enxulumene kakhulu kongezwe a usulelo yesibini. Ubonakala phlegmon zasekuhlaleni kunye amathumba, kodwa lingekho unyango ertyisi kakuhle libe kakhulu lwe izilonda.

Yintoni leishmaniasis? Esi sisifo esibi esosulelayo, nto leyo eye iintlobo ezahlukileyo, nganye zingamelana yingozi abantu. Kodwa kukho iindlela ezimbalwa yothintelo, nto leyo eya kukunceda uphephe isifo okanye ukuthintela uhlobo kakhulu.

zokuthintela izifo

Umgaqo jikelele kuthintelo leishmaniasis na amanyathelo. Kufuneka sizame bazikhusele iluma ingcongconi, ezo abathwali sifo. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza kweentsholongwane rhoqo uze ulwe namabuzi, zama ukuhlutha canines isilwanyana athathiweyo ekukhuliseni ihlathi.

A Uthintelo iziyobisi ziya kunceda kuphela ekukhuseleni kwizifo cutaneous. Ngoko ke, umntu lowo wandithumayo kwimimandla zikho, ugonyo.

Leishmaniasis - kakhulu sisifo esibi esibulala abantu malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi kulo nyaka ngamnye ukuze, ukumphatha wayemi kunye uxanduva ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngumqondiso wokuqala, ukuba agidime aye kwagqirha. Kuphela Kumanqanaba okuqala zesi sifo inokunyanga ngaphandle nayiphi imiphumo phambili.

Kodwa ke kwilizwe lethu isungulwe ukuze zonke "izifo ayihoyekanga" hayi ngemali, ngoko akukho mntu uya kuba agonye labemi, ngelixa umntu akenzi kuthenga sokugonya yaye akazange acele ukuba bangene. Kwaye ngoko kwenzeka ukuba esi sifo waziwa kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye ulawulo olufanelekileyo unyango ngamachiza akuncedi yezimali ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko ke kungcono ngokwabo ukuba benze konke okusemandleni ukuze ukuthintela usulelo.