NeTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Volkonskaia: engobomi, iifoto, iminyaka yobomi

Imbali Russian igcwele abafazi emangalisayo, abamagama abo kuphela kumaphepha kweencwadi zezifundo ekruqulayo wakhe, kodwa kwinkumbulo abantu. Omnye wabo - Mary Volkonskaia. She - omkhulu-umzukulwana M. V. Lomonosova, intombi hero kwemfazwe ka-1812 kunye nomfazi Decembrist.

NeTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Volkonskaia: ibhayografi emfutshane

NgoJanuwari 6, 1807 kwi-General Nikolaya Raevskogo kunye nomfazi wakhe Nozipho intombi ingqondo. Le ntsapho wawumkhulu (abantwana abathandathu) kunye nobubele, nangona ngumsindo zikamama qatha kayise wakhe. Lo dade wayekuthanda ukudlala umculo, noMariya bacula kakuhle, kwaye endlwini esoloko yi iindwendwe. Kuquka A. S. Pushkin ukuba nokuba ixesha waba uthando ingqondo elinesithandathu.

Winter 1825 uMariya watshata waya Prince Sergeya Volkonskogo oneminyaka eli-37 ubudala. Hayi ngenxa yothando, kodwa hayi ngamandla.

Xa indoda ngonaphakade-busy ayifane ibonakale, amazibulo akhe wazala kude indoda yakhe. Kwaye inxaxheba isikhulu laya wafumanisa emva mvukelo akuphumelelanga. Emva kwetyala umyeni wakhe Maria Volkonskaia wafumana imvume wamlandela ukuya eSiberia. Esi senzo angazange nentsapho yakhe, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, nokuba nguyise umva wamphatha ngokuqonda.

UMaria Nikolaevna ehamba umyeni wakhe entolongweni eyahlukileyo, wayehlala Blagodatnoye am Chita kwi Petrovsky mveliso kunye Irkutsk, walahlekelwa kwezi neyokudinga abantwana eziliqela.

Wakhulela kwintsapho nempumelelo nezityebileyo, umfazi Princess Maria Volkonsky Decembrist, banyamezela ngenkalipho kobunzima igweba ubomi, akazange akhalaze, wahlala iqabane kunye nabantwana. Abo abaseleyo.

kweminyaka 30 echithe nomyeni wakhe eSiberia waza wabuyela ekhaya kuphela ngo-1855. Ngowe-1863 Maria Nikolaevna wabulawa sisifo sentliziyo kwilifa intombi yakhe kwilali iifanela, kunye nonyaka kamva ecaleni kuye wangcwatywa kunye nomyeni wakhe.

Character, efana intsimbi

Princess Maria Volkonsky - enye bantu kakhulu kuqine ngubani, nokuba ukutyhubela iinkulungwane kunqumka kukumbona nokukhuthaza intlonipho. Oku yohlulwe uhlobo ngokuthanda eyomeleleyo nomnqweno ukulandela iimbono zabo, musa badla nto.

Okhule zokugcina, phantsi iphiko uyise kwalaph kodwa ukukhathalela kunye nothando, Maria Nikolaevna, ukufumana bona kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, hayi barhoxa, akazange alandele ngokoluvo ihlabathi kunye ukuthanda zomthonyama.

Ekubeni yayisazi kokubanjwa nomyeni wakhe, nje liqokelelwa ekuzalweni nzima Maria ngokucacile bazitshitshisela isindululo ukuphelisa umtshato likayise kwisikhulu waya eSt Petersburg, wayethembe ukubona umyeni wakhe. Oku kwathintela nemizalwane yakhe yonke, kunye neeleta kumyeni wakhe abamba wavula. Amaxesha aliqela umzalwana Alexander wayezama ukuba kude St. Petersburg, kodwa wemka Volkonskaia kuphela xa nyana uyagula.

Kwaye emva kwetyala, apho Prince Volkonsky wagwetywa ekuthinjweni nzima, uMariya ajike kukumkani ukuvumela ukuba ahambe nomyeni wakhe. Xa imvume, ingakhange sijike izisongelo okanye uyise okanye isiqalekiso nonina. Ukushiya umntwana wakhe wokuqala ku-mthetho, Volkonskaia waya eSiberia.

Kwakunzima ngokwenene, nto leyo eyakhokelela intombazana eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ukuba ilungelo lokuba abe kunye nomyeni wayo nje kuphela uvuyo kodwa phantsi ninembulaleko. NoMaria Nikolaevna waphumelela eli dabi, nangona yena wajika wemka, nokuba ngunina, akazange abhale naye umgca eSiberia. Kwaye ukuba uNikolay Raevsky ekupheleni kobomi bakhe bayiqonde into intombi isenzo sakhe, umama wakhe akazange wabaxolela.

"Xa ezinzulwini ores zaseSiberia ..."

Kunzima ukucinga ukuba ungakwazi ukuhamba amakhulu eekhilomitha ebusika ententeni. zokulala Kodwa Volkonskaya ningothuswa ungabandi, okanye ulusizana, okanye ukutya okungenazakha-mzimba, izisongelo Tseydlera iRhuluneli Irkutsk. Kwaye yiloo uhlobo umyeni wakhe ingubo ezikrazukileyo wanyikima imixokelelwane, noMaria Nikolaevna kwi umlawuli angxamele ngokomoya ewela ngamadolo amange kumakhamandela ezazisezinyaweni zakhe.

Ngaphambili Volkonskaya eSiberia kunye nomyeni wayo n Trubetskaya, owaba uMariya kunye nomhlobo omdala kunye neqabane. Kwaye ke aba bafazi babini abazibandakanyileyo ngamanye abafazi 9 Decembrists.

Ayizizo zonke kubo wokuzalwa amanene, kodwa wahlala ngoxolo kakhulu, kwaye noblewoman wafunda ngolangazelelo prostolyudinok ubulumko behlabathi ukusuka, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi ke andazi ukuba yeyona isisiseko - upheke isonka okanye wenze isuphu. Kwaye ngoko ukuba onwabe abafazi babo Decembrists kuyabulala, leyo yothani, zigcinwe ubushushu umphefumlo aba bafazi.

In intshisakalo kutsha nje ubumnandi Maria Volkonskaia wada wakwazi ukwenza uthando abalimi bendawo kunye igweba eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo yanceda, ngokufuthi ndichitha imali yokugqibela.

Ke kaloku abathinjwa bavunyelwa ukuba Irkutsk, ikhaya Volkonsky kunye Trubetskoy waba iziko yokwenene yenkcubeko.

Tsalela zentliziyo okanye ngokuyalelwa ityala?

Kukho amanqaku ezininzi neencwadi malinikelwe kulo mfazi emangalisayo, owayengekho kuphela mncinane phakathi wabafazi Decembrists, kodwa enye yezinto zokuqala eyayisuka lolona ngexesha isenzo. Nangona kunjalo, kungekuphela nje oku umdla Maria Volkonskaia, engobomi esekhona etsala ingqalelo abaphandi.

Kukho yande kangaka inkolelo yokuba Maria Nikolaevna yendoda yakhe abazange uthando. Kwaye andikwazanga uthando, ngenxa yokuba lo mtshato wayeqhelene bi nayo, kwaye ke ukuba unyaka wahlala inkosana emandleni kweenyanga ezintathu, yaye emva koko wabona kunqabile kuye.

Yintoni ke eyabangela ukuba Volkonskaya ukuba abingelele kakuhle-ntle yabo kunye nobomi babantwana ongekazalwa? Kuphela nemvo umsebenzi kumyeni wakhe?

Kukho omnye umbono. Maria Volkonskaia, ukuba akathandwa indoda yakhe okokuqala, ngoko ukuhlonipha kwaye uyabathanda kwakhe wakhula uthando. Xa amazwi kaShakespeare: "Yena ngokumthanda kwakhe ngesidlo sakhe ..."

A amalungelo kunokwenzeka eyaziwa Scientist yenkcubeko Lotman, ababekholelwa ukuba abafazi ye Decembrists - oosisi evuthiswe abakhulele kwi zothando kunye baphupha uqulukubhode egameni uthando - oko kuqulethwe kubomi iinjongo yothando.

"Diary of Maria Nikolayevna Volkonsky"

Emva kokubuyela ekhaya, Princess Volkonsky wathetha ngobomi bakhe eSiberia kwi "Notes". Zabhalelwa French kanti kuphela unyana wakhe Michael.

Emva kokufa nonina wakhe akazange madolw 'anzima ukupapasha kubo, kodwa iguqulelwe kulwimi Russian, kwaye ufunde zicatshulwa N. A. Nekrasovu. Amangenelo enziwe kwi imbongi bachukunyiswa kunene, wada wadanduluka ngoxa uphulaphule ubomi igweba kunye nabafazi babo.

"Memoirs" yapapashwa ngowe-1904 endlwini best yoshicilelo ka St. Petersburg - kwiphepha zexabiso kunye etchings kunye phototypes.

Ukuvavanywa ababephila kunye nenzala

Ngu yintshukumo Decembrists, ngubani wagqiba ukuchasa isithethe ezingcwele gunya, lunokunyangwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa isenzo 11 nabafazi babo, waya emva amadoda enetyala kude eloyikekayo eSiberia uyakufanelekela kwentlonipho.

Sele kwinkulungwane XIX, amalungu komphakathi wanika aba bafazi phantse zinesangqa yabangcwele. N. A. Nekrasov waba sanikezelwa kumbongo wakhe "abafazi Russian", nto leyo eyayibonisa ngeziganeko ezenzekayo wachaza uMariya Volkonskaya.

Ngenkulungwane XX, malunga wabafazi Decembrists wabhala iincwadi zenzululwazi nezobugcisa, wenza iifilimu, ukuba zakhiwe ezikhumbuzo, umzekelo, ngo-Chita kunye Irkutsk.

Maria Volkonskaia, engobomi ethe yabonakalisa kwi "Notes", kwaye ukuza kuthi ga kuhlala mntu esiphambili kubafazi Decembrists ngenxa yobutsha bakhe, eyondeleleneyo ngokumangalisayo womelele.