Yintoni elikhokelayo, iimpawu kunye neempawu zayo

Baphile - metal eye eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Indoda usebenzisa ukuba 2-3 amawaka. BC, kwaye okokuqala yafunyanwa eMesopotamiya. Kukho abakhokele wenza izitena ezincinci, eqingqiweyo, ezahlukeneyo izinto zekhaya. Nakuba ke, abantu abazimisele ngale yobhedu sakhi, kwakunye owenziwe le iintsimbi ipleyiti yokubhalwa izinto ezibukhali.

Yiyiphi umbala sisinyithi?

Yena lilungu leqela IV le periodic table 6 xesha, apho iye inani lezibuko 82. Yintoni ukukhokela uhlobo? Oku amaninzi wafumana galena, ogama ifomula - PbS. Kungenjalo ngokuba galena galena. element Pure sisinyithi emdaka umbala ethambileyo kunye oluthambileyo hina. Emoyeni kuyisikisa wambu ngokukhawuleza kunye maleko ubhityileyo oxide. Oxides ngokuthembeka ukukhusela nesinyithi kwiindawo igcwala ngakumbi zombini bume emanzi neyomileyo. Ukuba metal umphezulu oxide ukutyabeka, asihlambulule, iya ube ngumthunzi okhanyayo ithinti oluhlaza. zokuhlanjululwa ngolo hlobo wenziwe, ukuba bakhokele kuphalala kwi vacuo kwaye solder kwindawo iselwa cleaner.

Ukusebenzisana asidi

Sulphuric acids zehydrochloric abuthathaka kakhulu ukukhokela, kodwa but is lula enyibilikayo nitric acid. Zonke iikhompawundi metal imichiza esenokuba enyibilikayo, zinetyhefu. It iveliswa ikakhulu ores: galena yokuqala calcined phambi kokuba sokukhokela oxide, kwaye ke le nto iya kuncitshiswa esebenzisa kwamalahle metal ecocekileyo.

Iimpawu ngokubanzi element

Ukuxinana Lead yi 11,34 g / ^cm3. Oku 1.5 mkhulu lexinene zentsimbi kunye izihlandlo ezine ngaphezu koko aluminium ezilula. Akukho nto ngolwimi Russian elithi "bakhokelayo" nelithi "kunzima". Ingxubevange Lead kusenzeka lobushushu ^malunga 327,5 C. Flying uba metal nokuba kwiqondo lobushushu voice ka ° 700 C. Le ngcaciso ibaluleke gqitha abo basebenza kwinkalo yokufumana olu. yayo lula kakhulu ukukrwela nkqu kozipho, kulula ukuba kuqengqeleka zibe zizixwexwe. Le metal ithambe kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisana nabanye ngesinyithi, ukuba ubushushu

Umthamo ubushushu oluthile yipeyinti 140 J / kg. Ngokweempawu yemizimba yethu na metal engasebenziyo. Phakathi ntshikilelo nto ibekwe phambi hydrogen. Of iityuwa yayo kukhokelela ngokulula kufakwe ezinye iintsimbi. Umzekelo, amava iya kwenziwa khona: ukwehlisa intonga umxube zinc acetate lwesi sakhi. Emva koko amazwe phezu pali ye zinc ngohlobo ziikristale anoboya ukuba yaziwa ngokuba "uSaturn Umthi." Njani na umthamo ubushushu oluthile lead? Kuthetha ntoni oku? Eli nani - 140 J / kg. Kwaye ngoko oku kulandelayo: malenziwe libe shushu metal nganye 1 kg ^C ifuna 140 ziijowule ubushushu.

Distribution endalweni

Le metal ayikho kakhulu kwi kuqweqwe lomhlaba - 0,0016% kuphela ubunzima. Noko ke, eli nani libonisa ukuba kuxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba mercury, bismuth kunye negolide. Izazinzulu bathi oku yokuba izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo abakhokelayo ezahlukeneyo iimveliso kuwohloka thorium neyuranium, ngoko ke umxholo kukhokela kolu qweqwe lomhlaba liye landa kancinci kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Okwangoku, siyazi ezininzi ores lead - kubhaliwe kwathiwa galena, kunye neziphumo utshintshwano yayo chemical.

Contents kwindalo: yinxalenye ore

Kwixesha elidlulileyo ziquka sulfate elikhokelayo, cerussite (elinye igama - ezimhlophe lead ore) mimetit Stolz. Le ores kwakhona ziqulathe eminye ngesinyithi - isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, nobhedu, nezinki, isilivere, bismuth. Apho kulala nsimbi welothe, lo wentsimbi Undanelise kungekuphela nje umhlaba kodwa amachibi, izityalo. Yintoni ukukhokela uhlobo? Kusoloko uqhagamshelo yakhe ethile. Kwakhona, i intsimbi aqulethwe ores zesinyithi radioactive - uranium kunye thorium.

imboni heavy metal

Ibisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino yikhompawundi welothe nenkcenkce. solder Umyinge othi "tretnik" isetyenziswa ngokubanzi uqhagamshelo igiza kunye iingcingo zombane. Le compound iqulethe enye okhokelayo kunye ezibini etotini. Zezintsu iintambo sefowuni ze battery naye ziqulathe bakhokele. Ingongoma ukunyibilika ezinye iikhompawundi yayo liphantsi kakhulu - umzekelo, isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, okanye tin aluminium kunyibilika 70 ° ^C. Izixhobo nemililo yenziwa ivela ezintweni ezinjalo. Metal aluminiyamu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu imikhumbi. Zidla zipeyintwe umbala okhanyayo engwevu. INkundla badla isale i intsila of nenkcenkce ikhokelele sokukhuselwa umhlwa.

Ixabiso ngokuba abantu mandulo kunye nokusetyenziswa

AmaRoma esetyenziselwa mveliso umbhobho metal kwi ezisendleleni. Lead mandulo nazo abantu umhlaba likaSaturn, yaye, ke ngoko, phambi kokuba ubizwa iSaturn. KumaXesha Aphakathi ngenxa ubunzima zayo ngentsimbi isoloko isetyenziselwa imifuniselo alchemical. Wayedla wathi ubuchule ibe ngegolide. Lead - metal elidla kakhulu kubhidaniswe inkcenkce, olwaqhubeka kwaze kwenkulungwane ye-17. Yaye iilwimi endala Slavic, walinxiba igama.

Kwathi ukuba ulwimi mihla Czech, apho heavy metal ebizwa olovo. Ezinye iingcali entsimini Ezolimi bakholelwa ukuba igama Plumbum wayanyaniswe ezinye ezisemaphandleni zamaGrike. imvelaphi Russian elithi "bakhokelayo" eenzululwazi engacacanga. Ezinye iingcali ngeelwimi iyihlanganise ngelizwi Lithuanian «scwinas».

Ukusetyenziswa yemveli akhokele kwimbali - nguye ukuveliswa iimbumbulu, izixhobo iqhekeza, kunye nezinye projectiles ezahlukeneyo. Oku yasetyenziswa ngenxa yeendleko eliphantsi indawo yokunyibilika ephantsi. Ngaphambili, eyimveliso ingalo metal iqhezu ngesixa encinane esiyityhefu.

Lead yasetyenziswa eYiputa yamandulo. Ukusuka yavelisa iibhloko zokwakha, imifanekiso yabantu amanene, iingqekembe-lenza ngokupheleleyo. AmaYiputa babekholelwa ukuba bakhokele unalo igunya okhethekileyo. Zazenziwe kuye ipleyiti encinane, yaye wona ukukhuselwa ezintshabeni. Kodwa ke amaRoma ayizange nemibhobho nje amanzi. Kwakhona zavelisa zokuthambisa ngaphandle kokwazi olu, leyo ngokwabo usayine le isigwebo sokufa. Ngapha koko, ukuba ungene emzimbeni yonke imihla, nelothe yabangela ukugula kakhulu.

Kuthekani bume mihla?

Kukho izinto babulala abantu kancinci kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Kwaye oku kusebenza kuphela kwi unenlightened kwizinyanya kudala. Imithombo ayingozi lead namhlanje - oko umsi wecuba, amakhaya uthuli ezidolophini. Ingozi athwale izibini ipeyinti. Kodwa umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu zeemoto imoto, kukuninzi ziqulathe ukhokelo.

Kodwa olusemngciphekweni nje kuphela abahlali ezixeko, kodwa abo bahlala ezilalini. Apha, i intsimbi bangaqokelela emhlabeni uze ungene iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Ngenxa yoko, loo mntu ufumana ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu lead kukutya. Kulo mzekelo ayanceda alikaziwa kuphela ezinamandla antioxidants, nemagnesium, calcium, selenium, iivithamini A no-C Ukuba baya kudliwa rhoqo, unako ngokuthembekileyo yokungenelela ngokwabo kwimiphumo eyingozi ngentsimbi.

ukulimala

Wonke umfundi uyakwazi asisikhokelo ezinjalo. Kodwa asingabo bonke abantu abadala bayakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni umonakalo kuyo. amasuntswana yayo ngenisa emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Okulandelayo eqalisa ukuba basebenzisane kunye igazi zakudibana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Inkoliso yale nkqubo musculoskeletal ukubandezeleka. Kukho 95% lombane abantu lead iyonke.

Amanqanaba aphezulu ngawo umzimba kukhokelela ukukhubazeka engqondweni, yaye abadala ukuthi kuziveza ngokohlobo iimpawu depressive. Ezigqithiseleyo ubonisa isiphithiphithi, ukudinwa. Ukubandezeleka namathumbu - kuba lead uyakwazi akholisa ukubakho ziba. Le heavy metal kananjalo bachaphazeleka ngokungalunganga kunye nenkqubo zokuzala. Women uba nzima uxakathe iziqhamo, kunye namadoda zinokuba neengxaki kunye nomgangatho sperm. Kwakhona, oko kuyingozi kakhulu nezintso. Ngokutsho kwezinye izifundo, oko kunokubangela ngamathumba amabi. Noko ke, ngo-mali engadlulanga 1 mg, kungaba luncedo eziphilayo. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba olu inokuba nempembelelo bactericidal phezu amalungu umbono - kodwa khumbula ukuba okhokelayo kwaye usebenzise kuphela ngeedosi esingadlulanga obuvumelekileyo.

Ekuphetheni

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umxhasi mandulo olu kwakujongwa iplanethi iSaturn. Kodwa ISaturn ngeenkwenkwezi - yiyo umfanekiso ubulolo, usizi nokwenzeka kakhulu. Hayi ke ukuba akhokele - hayi iqabane kakhulu umntu? Mhlawumbi kufuneka banyanzelise uluntu lwabo xa ungaziva kucingelwa yamandulo ubizo Lead iSaturn. Emva kokuba wonke umonakalo umzimba metal ibe noqhekeko.