Yintoni Atlantic Charter? Nokusayinwa i-Atlantic Charter nokubaluleka kwayo kwimbali

ESoviet Union ngexesha yeHlabathi yesiBini wabeka phambili inkqubo kulwa Fascism. Uthi benza umgudu imikhosi ngcembe yiSoviet ehlabathini lonke. Noko ke, iBritani neUnited States azikho ezikhawulezayo ukuchaza iinkqubo zawo kulo mba, bona indawo lokugqibela umba inxaxheba kwiziganeko. Oorhulumente kula mazwe bagqiba ekubeni kusekho ukulungisa le meko.

Nokusayinwa Atlantic Charter

Kunyaka wokuqala iinkokeli imfazwe nevoevavshih urhulumente United States kwaye bathatha inxaxheba ekulweni eNgilani wadibana ukuxoxa isibhengezo kunye idabi iphela. Indawo yokuhlangana yazo yaba wempi "iNkosana of Wales". Wayizisa Winston Churchill ukuya ethekwini Argenta, apho naye badibana Roosevelt.

Yintoni Atlantic Charter? Olu xwebhu ke amazwi kunye neenkokeli mazwe mabini. Wakhululwa Agasti 14, 1941. kweentsuku ezilishumi emva koko, ngoAgasti 24, yena wancediswa yiSoviet Union.

imisebenzi ephambili

I-Atlantic Charter ngo-1941 kwaba ukucacisa ngakumbi njani ihlabathi emva Amanyeneyo aphumelele imfazwe. Le ngxoxo kwaqhutywa, nangona ukuba eUnited States ngelo xesha ekulweni abazange bathathe inxaxheba. I-Atlantic Charter yaba isiseko nokudalwa UN, kwakunye ukuyilwa komyalelo yehlabathi yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko.

ukwakhiwa koxwebhu

I-Atlantic Charter ngo-1941 zibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukusonjululwa kweembambano sendawo ngokungqinelana ngokokubona kwabantu.
• Ukuncitshiswa nemiqobo yorhwebo.
• Ukunqongophala uhlobo lwengingqi yebango evela UK kunye neMelika.
• ilungelo lokuzimela nokuzimisela kwabantu behlabathi.
• Nenkululeko engenaloyiko kunye ekusweleni.
• ntle Global kunye nentsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho.
• Inkululeko Beelwandle.
• izixhobo Kwemfazwe eli lizwe umhlaseli kunye ukuhla jikelele kumandla kwezomkhosi ehlabathini liphela.

Umhlathi ngokuphathelele intsebenziswano lwezoqoqosho nentlalo-ntle jikelele, yaphakanyiswa yi Roosevelt kunye Churchill e London John Gilbert Winant, abangazange inxaxheba entlanganisweni.

Ukwamkelwa izibonelelo kwamanye amazwe

Intlanganiso elandelayo yabanjwa kwindawo enye 1941, 24 Septemba. Kwindawo nkongolo eLondon. Nemigaqo ezibonisa Atlantic Charter, kuvunyelwene abameli izixhobo lolawulo kwamanye amazwe. Ngokukodwa, uxwebhu bajoyine yi eBelgium, Greece, eCzechoslovakia, eNetherlands, Luxembourg, Yugoslavia, waseUSSR, i "Free French", Poland, Norway.

imigaqo

I-Atlantic Charter ngo-1941 ibonisa kwicala engundoqo ye-US kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo yaseBritani. Kwimigaqo eziyintloko uxwebhu, ukuvakalisa indlela ngokwabo abameli oorhulumente kula mazwe, bona ngokusekelwe amathemba zabo ikamva elingcono kwihlabathi. Churchill and Roosevelt wabonisa ukuba uthi abanalo ulangazelelo ukuphumelela kwintsimi entsha. Kwakhona wavakalisa ukungaboni labo kunye notshintsho eendawo, echasene iminqweno ngayo ngokuphandle abantu abachaphazelekayo. Ukongeza, iinkokeli waphawula ukuba bahloniphe ilungelo kwamanye amazwe ukuba ukukhetha uhlobo wabo kurhulumente.

Churchill ne Roosevelt wayesithi amathuba alinganayo bonke States kumbandela yokwamkelwa norhwebo, ngokunjalo emithonjeni izinto ekrwada ehlabathini. intsebenziswano Global kwezoqoqosho, ngokutsho nabameli bakarhulumente, wayeza ejoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imigangatho bonke abaphilayo ephakamileyo.

Iimpawu ze uxwebhu

I-Atlantic Charter waba wedemokhrasi ngokwaneleyo. imigaqo yalo ziyangqinelana nomoya ixesha, yabonisa uhlobo akhululayo imfazwe. Isibhengezo umbhalo ngelo xesha ezihle kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuphunyezwa kwe-siseko ebomini kwakuxhomekeke yintoni intsingiselo US kunye noorhulumente baseBritani yanikezwa ilungelo i-Atlantic Charter. Ixabiso kwaye amanyathelo kulindeleke asebenzisekayo ikhokela urhulumente uza kuyithatha ukuphunyezwa zonke izinto. Ngokubanzi, i-Atlantic Charter - yinto kwizibhambathiso phakathi izimvo izangqa wabasemagunyeni iBritani neUnited States. Eyona ichazwe kweli xwebhu kwindawo imbono of America.

I Kuqikelelwa kwempi iimpawu

Abameli oorhulumente iBritani United States ngokupheleleyo alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo eSoviet Union. Ayekholelwa ukuba eSoviet Union uya kakhulu buthathaka emva kwemfazwe. Ekubeni kuxoxwa, Churchill kunye Roosevelt wayecinga kwihlabathi Anglo-American. US isithunywa babekholelwa ukuba ngokwesiseko lombutho post-imfazwe ngamazwe asikwazi nakuthetha gama i-United States kunye nemikhosi baseBritani akazange enze umsebenzi ethile.

Points of the Atlantic Charter, ezinxulumene inkululeko kweelwandle kunye namathuba alinganayo kubantu bonke, kwakufanekisela ukusasazeka kwemfazwe ye-impiriyalizim yaseMelika kwihlabathi jikelele, kuquka eNgilani. Churchill kuthiwa. Ukuze ukuphelisa imiqathango enjalo, wazama ukuba ngaphandle ezi zinto evela sivumelwano. Noko ke, impumelelo kulo yena nakwabangapasanga. Kungekudala emva kwenkomfa kwiingxelo zazo zoluntu, Churchill wacebisa ukuba Atlantic Charter awusebenzi unxibelelwano phakathi UK.

Relations kunye yiSoviet Union

Omabini la macala kwavunyelwana ukuba i-US kunye nomdla British mabancediswe izixhobo Soviet kunye nezixhobo. The British Chiefs of Staff, njengoko Churchill yena, baba ngokuchasene ukusetyenziswa thuba zayo ezinkulu axhobileyo. Ayekholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa elwandle nemfazwe umoya, ekomelezeni kwafa kunye nezinto neyokusithela ukuxhobisa iingalo Ukuxhathisa kwi EYurophu.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iintloko abasebenzi American wazama ukuba ayeke echaza izimvo malunga nemiba yesicwangciso umgca lezopolitiko ubeke phambili ngamagosa baseBritani, ilwela injongo, ekuhlanganiseni US kunye eNgilani, indlela engcono. Olona celomngeni owayephethe ngamajoni nxamnye iJamani ngokuyintloko ngokusebenzisa 'izandla amazwe "ukufuna ngexesha amadabi bamelene buthathaka efanayo.

Ukuze izicwangciso ezo zibe kufuneka ibe kukuqinisa iphezulu lwa ngaphambili eSoviet-German njengokuba kunjalo kulo mgca ingqalelo imikhosi eziyintloko amaJamani. Ngenxa yokuba eNgilani Melika zimelwe yiSoviet Union emva kwemfazwe kunye ekubulaleni elibuthathaka, baye bacebisa ukuba kufuneka uncedo olungaphezulu mali ukuncedisa le lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, abameli ulawulo US kunye United Kingdom ecetywayo ukuba urhulumente yiSoviet Union intlanganiso ngaxeshanye kwembumba eMoscow. Ubunkokheli eSoviet wavuma.

ukujoyina i USSR

On the Allied iNkomfa, kubanjwa ngoSeptemba 24, 1941 eLondon, unozakuzaku kwiSoviet Maisky wakhupha isibhengezo ngokuqukwa yiSoviet Union kwi-Charter. Isivumelwano lathi isicelo ngayo imigaqo uxwebhu luya kuthatha nakanjani ingqalelo iimeko, iimpawu zembali, iimfuno oku okanye loo meko. ESoviet Declaration iqaqambise ngokucacileyo imiba ukuba abaqulunqi kwefom original basinda. Ngokukodwa, uRhulumente eSoviet wazimisela injongo kunye nesimilo imfazwe.

Ngokuba zonke iintlanga, nezizwe libekiwe umsebenzi ophambili - ukwalathisa onke amandla abo kunye nezixhobo zabo phezu woyiswa yokuqala bahlaseli. Njengoko kwisithuba post-imfazwe, inkokheli eSoviet ukuze akhusele ilungelo ingqibelelo uhlanga ngamnye sobummandla kunye inkululeko yesizwe, esalatha ekuhleni ukungavumelani ne-nkqubo lobukoloniyali ngamazwe ama-impiriyali.