Yintoni alpha yindoda, nokuba eli gama libhekisela kumntu?

Ethologists - izazinzulu agcina yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana zentlalo - kudala ndizibuza ukuba kutheni la malungu weenkomo okanye emfutshane ukuthobela inkokeli? Indlela ukuchonga alpha oyindoda? Yaye yintoni isizathu engqongqo yomgama lwemigangatho lusekiwe phakathi koluntu izilwanyana? Xa kufikwa ochamela kunye ethathe (njengoko, umzekelo, xa iinkuku), ngoko ke, oosonzululwazi, kwaye phambi kwabo, kwaye nezizukulwana enyakazela amafama baqwalasela elinegunya efanayo, kodwa okukhoyo phakathi nabasetyhini. Hi ndlela leyi, lo gama yona kuqala inkuku, ukuba ngumntu obhinqileyo. Ngowe-1922, isazinzulu Norwegian Shyeldruppom-Ebbe baqulunqe "ulawulo oludlekayo yokuqala." liselwe kuqala bondle imazi iinkuku alpha, ngoko - beta, wesigrike njalo njalo, ukuba omega. Ukuzama ukubheka ngamnye ukuba athathe iinkozo kusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko zicinezelwa zicholachole intloko yi kunaye.

Xa iinkawu, apho pack umntu oyindoda ezimbalwa kunye nabasetyhini ezininzi nabantwana (kubandakanywa kunye noonyana abadala) Kwakhona kubona ngokucacileyo alpha Inkunzi ephetheyo. Imiqondiso amandla akhe zibonakaliswa iimpawu zangaphandle: hormone ngesondo ivule ukukhula canines, eqaqambileyo enemibala callosities ischial (kwezinye iintlobo). Ngokusisiseko, isikhundla sakhe esiphakamileyo isilwanyana evinces, ngexesha lokuphathana kwempahla. It vigilantly iqinisekisa ukuba akukho omnye umntu ongumhlali kuloo - akukho abatsha okanye ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha - akukho azithi yabafazi yakhe. Noko ke, kubomi inkawu zokupakisha kuthatha inxaxheba ubuncinane - apho ukuya ukondla uyayisombulula namagqala ababhinqileyo.

Enye sabaphathi uyaqapheleka ipakethi kweengcuka. David ngeImeyile, kangangeminyaka eliqela, ukubukela ukuziphatha zabo, uthi ukuba ingqeqesho, umanyano kunye umbutho weqela luxhomekeke kakhulu kwi nobuntu yinkokeli. Alpha eyindoda - ingcuka i pack ukuzingelwa ke, enyathelwa yintende yokuqala Endleleni kwikhephu, ukukhulisa uluntu ukuba ukuphumla, ukhetha indlela zemfuduko. Ekubeni ezi zilwanyana - oyedwa kwaye uninzi lwabo usapho, isilwanyana, esigcina abalingane kwi pack zizidibanise zombini amadoda kunye nabasetyhini. Ngoko ke, lo imigca emibini oluneqela akhiwa umhlambi - inkunzi nemazi. Hi ndlela leyi, ngamanye amaxesha indima inkokeli pack kunye ingcuka udlala.

Iingcuka, ngokungafaniyo nezo alpha oyindoda evinces ndlongo evulekileyo kunqabile. Ukuze sihlale umyalelo inkqubo lonke kusetyenziswa amaza eziviwayo kunye nezijekulo (nokubonisa canines, ukuhlaselwa bobuxoki, ukukhutshwa umchamo phezu kwendawo apho iqela defecated). Ukongeza, inkokeli zange zithi zonke iingcuka zonke pack: beta kunye wesigrike ngamnye azale umntwana. Ezi nketho kuphela ngamadoda omega, ekwabizwa ngokuba castrati eziphilayo. Kodwa oku xa isindululo inkokheli ephezulu, nangenxa yazo zonke izinto 'amanenekazi' kwi pack alelwe oku endhawini.

Imigqaliselo yokuziphatha kwabantu ekuhlaleni (bayathanda okanye ezidityanisiweyo kunye ukuzingela) izilwanyana ziye zakhokelela ekubeni bakholelwa ukuba ebantwini, indlela efanayo pack. Ngapha koko, Homo sapiens iphuma esifubeni endalo, yaye, enyanisweni, kakhulu ihlelwe izilwanyana. Ezi ukufana phakathi ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye nezilwanyana kwiindawo zabo kukhokelele emibonweni ezahlukeneyo (eugenics, kaDarwin zentlalo et al.), Ngokusekelwe yokuba alpha oyindoda ekugqibeleni uthatha indima ephambili. Ngokukodwa ekubeni kwimbali yoluntu, sifumana imizekelo emininzi lwamaqela ezithile zentlalo ugxininise isigxina sazo lusetyenziswayo iinwele, iimpahla kunye nezinye iimpawu abantu nokohlwaya kakhulu elikwinqanaba elisezantsi ukuba ukulandela ifashoni enjalo. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula kokuvalwa purple ukuba plebs eRoma yamandulo okanye inkqubo ngokuphathelele kulo e-India.

Kodwa ebantwini, ngokungafaniyo isilwanyana, kukho iindlela ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi. Sibona ekhaya, kunoko ukukhonya zezindlu okanye amaqela athile, ngaphezu kokuba umboniso yamandla yendoda. Nokuba "alpha eyindoda" aqinise isikhundla ekuhlaleni, oko - ngokwenza ngokungqongqo phakathi kwabantu, ilungelo lilifa - niyinike abantwana abasenokuba kungabi ncam abantu alpha, kunye wesigrike nkqu omega. Ukuba sithetha ubunkokeli njenge "inkokeli", baye bakwazi ukuba nobudala, akhuliswe kunye nemfundo. Ukuba, njengoko kucinga ngendlela engeyiyo KHULULA alpha ndlongondlongo, oko emphakathini wabantu kwizinga ngokukhawuleza ubeka umntu onjalo ngaphandle komthetho, kwaye ulunika indima pariah. Njengoko ubona, umfanekiso 'alpha "ngokunxulumene umntu ongaba ezimbalwa, kodwa iyaqhubeka ulinywe: babizwa ngokuba" ubuqhawe "(elivela kwigama umntu umakhonya - indoda yokwenene).