Isixhobo semiconductor Amazing - a diode itonela

Xa sifunda indlela ekulungiseni i-AC kwisiza zoqhagamshelwano bume ezimbini ezahlukeneyo - le semiconductor kunye nentsimbi, kuye hypothesized ukuba sisekelwe phezu ekuthiwa-Tunneling abathwali kwentlawulo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha (1932) inqanaba lophuhliso zobugcisa semiconductor akavumelekanga ukuqinisekisa liyavumelana empirically. Kuphela ngo-1958, isazinzulu Japanese Esaki wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba krelekrele, bedala msele diode lokuqala embalini. Ngenxa umgangatho wayo amangalisayo (umzekelo, speed), le mveliso kuye kwatsala ingqalelo abaziingcali kwiinkalo ngeenkalo zobugcisa. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba diode - kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, nto leyo kunxulumano umzimba owodwa izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo conductivity. Ngoko ke, Umbane engena kulo kwicala elinye kuphela. Ukutshintsha iziphumo wokwephuka kwi "lokuvala" le diode nokunyusa ukuxhathisa yayo. Ukwandisa ombane kukhokelela "nokuwa".

Cinga indlela diode etoneleni. Classic rectifier isixhobo semiconductor isebenzisa crystal kokuba inani ubumdaka hayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 isidanga 17 (degree -3 isentimitha). Yaye ekubeni le parameter ezinxulumene ngqo inani abathwali isigxina ezamahala, kuvela ukuba elidlulileyo ayinakuze ibe ngaphezu kwimida ethile.

Kukho ifomula evumela ukufumanisa ubukhulu kommandla esiPhakathi (utshintsho PN):

L = ((E * (UK-U)) / (2 * Pi * q)) * ((Na + Nd) / (Na * Nd)) * 1050000,

apho Na and Nd - inani abanikele insimbi kunye acceptors, ngokulandelelana; Pi - 3,1416; q - ixabiso yoyalo electron; U - isicelo ombane; Uk - umahluko nekhono kwi inguqu; E - ixabiso njalo Heating.

Isiphumo kwifomula yinto yokuba ukuze classical PN utshintsho diode iimpawu ephantsi amandla entsimini kunye ubukhulu enkulu kakhulu. Ukuba elektroni Ungafumana i mipu kuyo, kufuneka amandla eyongezelelweyo (singaneli kunabela ukusuka ngaphandle).

ama Tunnel zisetyenziswa ukwakhiwa kwazo iintlobo enjalo semiconductors, leyo ukutshintsha umxholo ukungcola ku-10 ukuya kwiqondo 20 (degree -3 sentimitha), nto leyo umyalelo kwahluka kwabo yamandulo. Oku kukhokelela ekuncipheni kakhulu Ebubanzini inguqu, kukunyuka okukhwankqisayo kwamaxabiso edizili ngobunzulu yentsimi kummandla PN kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukwenzeka kwetonela yenguqu xa ungena electron ukuya Valence band akuyomfuneko amandla olongezelelweyo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba amandla inqanaba amasuntswana akaguquguquki njengomqobo sicatshulwa. Le diode Itonela lunomahluko ngokulula ukusuka eqhelekileyo yayo luphawu volt-ampere. Le ndlela yenza uhlobo kwakhula kuwo - ukuxhathisa umehluko negative. Ngenxa kule Tunneling ilight ezisetyenziswa kakhulu izixhobo ophezulu-njalo (ubukhulu umsantsa ukuncitshiswa PN yenza kwisixhobo onjalo-high speed), izixhobo yokulinganisa echanileyo, umbane, kwaye, kakade, iikhompyutha.

Nangona ngoku xa isiphumo kwetonela uyakwazi kungena kumacala omabini, ngokudibanisa ngqo imeko diode kwi ukunyuka kwindawo lenguqu, ukunciphisa inani elektroni ekwazi Lwe sicatshulwa. Ukunyuka ombane kukhokelela yokuduka ngokupheleleyo Tunneling ekhoyo kunye nomphumela kuphela kwentamo eziqhelekileyo (njengoko diode sakudala).

Kukho kwakhona omnye ummeli kwezixhobo ezinjalo - diode umva. Umele msele diode efanayo, kodwa iipropati etshintshiweyo. Umahluko kukuba ixabiso conductivity yokuqhagamshelwa umva, apho icebo yesiqhelo ekulungiseni "itshixiwe", oko iphezulu ngaphezu ngqo. Mihlaba eseleyo ezihambelana diode etoneleni: ukusebenza, phantsi self-ingxolo, ubuchule yokulungisa izakhi umahluko.