Yidiliya Foot: nokuzalela, iimeko yamabanjwa. ifama laba

Foot yomdiliya yokuzalela owaqalwa kwiminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo, ukusuka into ethile encinane unokwakhela iye sasingumba ezinkulu-scale imveliso yezolimo.

"Green" efama

Iminyaka emininzi eYurophu, olu hlobo kweembaza abayiqokeleleyo indalo kwendawo yayo. Oku kwakhokelela ukuhla kwenani labemi iinkumba zasendle, ngoko ayehlanganisene yavalwa.

Kunye ukwamkelwa iimfuno engqongqo sococeko umgangatho ukutya ngoku engasekho ingqalelo njengomthombo ukutya. Oku kungenxa iimfuno wokhuseleko lwabathengi kwizityalo eziyityhefu okanye iikhemikhali eziyingozi.

Emva kweminyaka eliqela ukulinga nokuvavanywa e Italy sele ezilungiselelwe indlela iinkumba ukuvelisa i "emadlelweni" evulekile, nto leyo kwaba ethatha ixesha ngaphantsi ngakumbi iindleko-olusebenzayo kunokuba ukukhula kwabo ngaphakathi okanye zokugcina.

iinzuzo zoqoqosho baqaphela emva ufakelo lokuqala ngokweeperimeter kunye nokubiyelwa kwangaphakathi. inzuzo yemali kulindeleke hayi ngaphambi ngaphezu kweenyanga 12-14.

Ukubaleka iindleko yale ndlela (xa kuthelekiswa ukuveliswa greenhouse okanye ngaphandle) ngezantsi, kunye neendleko eziphambili kuwa kuphela imbewu, ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye nokutyalwa kwezityalo yemifuno.

UMnenke, ixabiso apho thina nemiqulu euro-3 ukuya 3.7 Kilo nganye, kusilungele zikhwelwe into.

Ukukhethwa kwesiza nesakhiwo somhlaba

ifama Foot ulungiselelwe emadlelweni evulekileyo ikhule kuzo izityalo ezifanelekileyo ezinokunceda yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe ukutya kunye nekhusi. Kubonelelwe umthunzi lisusiwe. Xa ukhetha indawo ngendlu ifama nkumba kuthathelwa ingqalelo okhoyo oya ngakulo umoya, njengoko yimimoya enamandla womisa emhlabeni.

Uhlalutyo yokubulala lomhlaba ukuze ukuqinisekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukulima imifuno eluhlaza kunye yokunqanda izinambuzane inyama-besitya kunye nezinambuzane. Ezicetyiswayo umhlaba evakalala iasidi pH 5,8-7,5. umhlaba asidi ekuveliseni iinkumba ezingafanelekanga. Umxholo ikhalsiyam kulo kufuneka abe nama-3-4%. ubume bomhlaba - ngokulinganisela ukuya mnene. Umhlaba oludongwe akafanelanga ukuba amaqanda, njengoko iinkumba nzima kakhulu ukuba yemba kuso kwaye kulula ukuba ibe kumgxobhozo.

Kubalulekile ukuba izityalo saselwandle esineqokobhe umanzi ngenxa umbethe, imvula okanye inkungu elawulwa. Wink (Ifoto enikwe kweli nqaku) ihamba lula ngakumbi xa amagqabi kumanzi nomhlaba. Zitya kakhulu kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusingqongileyo.

Imvula nonkcenkceshelo ezilawulwayo kubalulekile ukuba imveliso iinkumba.

lokulawula amanzi umhlaba olungileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amanzi angakhuli emhlabeni kumadama.

indawo yokuzalela kufuneka ibe simahla zemithi ezinkulu, ngenxa yokuba zitsala iintaka karhataka, izityalo umthunzi nokuthintela ukuyilwa umbethe.

Apho ukuthenga iinkumba yokwandisa? Abalimi abathenga abavuni saselwandle esineqokobhe iinkumba okanye kwimarike kufuneka silindele abafayo phakathi kwabo phezulu ngenxa lohlengahlengiso kakuhle kwezinye zokutya. Owona mthombo onokuthenjwa izinto ukuzala zaziwa abavelisi okanye kumaziko ezolimo. Le nkumba (ixabiso layo liya kuba ngaphezulu) ngcono yaye ikhuseleke kuba kwasekuzalweni bafumana ukutya efanelekileyo kwaye musa umonakalo ukuqokelelwa kunye nokugcinwa.

ubukhulu icebo

Iifama ezikhulayo iinkumba ziyahluka ngobukhulu, kuxhomekeke umntu ababenza kuzo. Fans, leyo bazibonise saselwandle esineqokobhe ngezixa ezincinane, usebenzisa i indawo eka ukusuka-10 ukuya kuma-20. Abalimi abo benza njengendlela eyenye kwezinye izinto, uthatha umlinganiselo akile 30 ukuya hectare 1. abalimi abarhwebayo ngokuqhelekileyo aqala hectares-2 no-30 eehektare zinokusetyenziswa ngexesha ukukhula kweshishini. ozozogidi eyongezelelweyo ngaphandle kwezo igcinelwe iinkumba, abaqeshwe izityalo zasesekondari ezifana nojongilanga.

ukulungiselela site

Plot nyulu ukusuka ukhula yengca ngokusebenzisa sokhula qha. Umhlaba ke ezilinywe isikofolo rotary, sakhelwe phezu kocingo ongaphandle kwebala. Umhlaba kuqaliswa isichumiso, imichiza disinfestation kudluliselwa izinambuzane nezilwanyana. Ke ilizwe yahlulwe yangamacandelo ekuveliseni kunyaka wokuqala, kwaye ifakwe imiqolo yeplanga ukuxhasa ebiyelweyo lwangaphakathi.

Umhlaba bezilungiselele kwakhona kwalandelwa bezikhulule plane kunye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngokongeza ikalika ubeke yokunkcenkceshela. Ekulimeni lwenziwa emva kokuba umphezulu endaweni kwaye iya kwakhelwa ngaphakathi elucingweni. Ekugqibeleni, ukulungiselela ukugcinwa umkhondo kwakhona ngayo le umchiza contact.

feed

Yintoni ukondla iinkumba? Ngenxa yokuba ezi mbambela na inyama, baphila ubomi iintlobo ngeentlobo zemifuno kunye nokutya okuziinkozo. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukondla iinkqubo "imveliso idlelo", ngokokuqhelekileyo iquka izityalo kuphela kwamagqabi eluhlaza, eziquka iityuwa ezimbiwa, nitrate, sulfates kunye carbonates ezinegalelo ukutshona.

Ukuveliswa olufanelekileyo iinkumba, nezityalo imisebenzi emibini. Kukudla nokhuselo ilanga, imvula nesichotho. Ezo izityalo umzekelo, burdock, ngeplantain, nangwevu, chervil kajongilanga. E Italy, wabeka beetroot, ikhaphetshu intsimi, chicory, artichokes, radish kajongilanga.

Zihlwayeleleni, ngesandla ukuqinisekisa ukutyabeka olwandeleyo lomhlaba kunye nohlobo lokutyala kuxhomekeke lonyaka (ihlobo nobusika izityalo). Ukuhlwayela ixesha kubaluleke kakhulu - izityalo kufuneka kwanele ukuba rhoqo into ukondla iinkumba. Kuba kwimveliso yezityalo ubukhulu kunye neendawo nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe ebalulekileyo.

Emva kokuba imbonakalo isityalo eboniswe njengecochlea (ifoto kuboniswa kweli nqaku) ukwenzela kwamathole kwaye ibekwe phezu kocingo ngomlinganiselo we-25 okanye 20 Helix aspera Helix pomatia square metre nganye.

ukulima izityalo ehlotyeni nasebusika zisenokwahluka kwakunye nohlobo lwabo.

Uthango engaphandle

Ubude olungaphandle ikhaka sheets yentsimbi kwalenza. Baya kungcwatywa nobunzulu 30-40 cm kunye nokomeleza izithuba yenkxaso eyenziwe ngomthi okanye intsimbi. Eyona njongo iphambili yomjikelezo - ukuthintela kwii ezidla, ingakumbi abo bakwaziyo ukwemba. Va umjikelezo kunye nokubiyelwa ngaphakathi kufuneka zosulwe zone. Ukuba nayiphi na iinkumba boyise imiqobo yangaphakathi, kwingoma nothango engaphandle kuthintela ukuba udlule.

Ukufaka kwakunye nocingo umbane phezulu kwiphepha kwalenza inika ukhuseleko olungcono kwemveliso yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe.

uthango ngaphakathi

iingcingo yangaphakathi zisetyenziswa eyahlukileyo namantshontsho kunye neendawo lusidla. Iingcingo ezenziwe ezomeleleyo polyethylene emnyama brand "Heliteks". Kuye ezimbini downwardly zijonge vana nomphakamo-40 cm kunye-70 cm ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya ukuthintela ukunwenwa iinkumba. izibonda zomthi ukuxhasa polyethylene icwangcisiwe kumgama oziimitha 3-4. Bona wangcwatyelwa emhlabeni ubuncinane ukuya kubunzulu-10 cm. Ummandla ayidli kubude 20-45 m kunye 2-4 m ububanzi.

Xa kubelekwa iinkumba ukukhuhla kwicandelo okuzala, lokubiya lingashukumi.

nezilwanyana

Izilwanyana nezinambuzane ezinokubangela iingxaki ukuveliswa iinkumba, lukhulu.

Ba ooqongqothwane ezidla, ezifana carabidi, calosomidi, lampiridi ingakumbi stafilinids, leyo kuhlaselwe amathole. Kwathunyelwa zihlala emhlabeni kwaye ungathanda indawo efumileyo kwakunye iinkumba. Stafilinids ziyingozi usongo olukhulu. Xa kulungiselelwa isabelo ukuphelisa ezi izitshabalalisi becala kusetyenziswa imichiza disinfestation.

Oonomyayi magpies - intaka ekutyeni zikwaquka foot. Iqokobhe into efile umlomo wadla imixholo. Blackbirds ukubetha saselwandle esineqokobhe kwi ematyeni, kude kukhululwa iqokobhe.

Kuba amacilikishe, iinyoka kunye maxoxo, iinkumba i uju, ingakumbi abaselula, ngoko ke ucingo engaphandle kufuneka ingontsi emhlabeni ukuthintela ezi ezizingelayo. Amabuzi Adla iinkumba, ngakumbi ebusika, xa inani bemithombo yokutya kulinganiselwe. Imivundla, imivundla kunye abamenzelayo nabo bamele ingxaki kuba badla izityalo umonakalo iinkumba, yayilahla kubo.

yidiliya Foot: ukuzala

Xa kwentwasahlobo iinkumba ukuzalela zikhethwa uyidlala, yaye zibekwe kwindawo entsha. Bona zikhethelwe ubungakanani nomgangatho mazigqithiselwe ezinikele kwicandelo yokuzala kunye nezityalo abadala.

Kunyaka wokuqala kwengubo ibekwe akukho Helix aspersa ngaphezu kwama-25 square metre nganye. Nokugcwala kuya kubangela dwarfism, ubunzima eliphantsi lokufa ngenxa yencindi emhlabeni.

Ngemihla zokuqala embalwa iinkumba ekhethiweyo wabukela ngokusondeleyo, njengoko baya kuzama ukubaleka kwaye ubunzima ukusuka ntshikilelo wa bume.

Izityalo ezilinywa kwindawo yokuzala, akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwama-50 cm. Bagawula mowers, nokukhuthaza ukukhula amagqabi amatsha kunye nokuphucula umoya ejikelezayo. Ngomnyaka wesibini loxinano uyehla uye kuma iinkumba 15 square metre nganye, njengoko izinga lokufa uyawa. Esineqokobhe sajika abakuyo, ngoko ke acclimated ngcono kwimeko kwaye ngaphantsi ndixinezelekile.

UMnenke: care, umxholo

Emva kokuzalwa iinkumba ulutsha ukuba kukhule kangangeenyanga ezintathu phambi kokuba zibekwe kwindawo zokuxheshisela kunye kwisityalo entsha. Kubalulekile ukuba inkcubeko wakhula ekhaya yaye wanika nokhuselo ukusuka ilanga lasehlotyeni. Izityalo kufuneka zingavuki ngaphezu kwe-25 cm, kwaye kananjalo bahlabeka ukukhuthaza ukukhula amagqabi amatsha kunye ejikeleza emoyeni. Ngeli xesha likhula, kwi nokudinwa kulotywe kuyimfuneko ukuba ukongeza izityalo ewisa ugesi kunye nokutya owomileyo.

silele

NgoDisemba nangoJanuwari noqebeyi umsebenzi iyayeka kwaye itywiniwe esinkini ngenxa sokuHayibhaneyitha. Sezulu ezibandayo kuwa saselwandle esineqokobhe isale enomzimba ifilim material elikhusela ukuba sesichengeni. Ngenxa yokuba oku kwandisa amaqondo obushushu bomhlaba degrees 5-10. Xa kokwindla ucingo isusiwe, izityalo aseleyo nihlwayele salungiselela emhlabeni ngenxa nenkcubeko kunyaka omtsha.

imiba lemveliso

Izizathu zokusilela kuvame:

• ulawulo Poor.
• iingxaki yokuzala ngokunxulumene nale entsonkothileyo of iinkumba.
• mali Impumelelo.
• ukulungiselela umhlaba Poor.
• ekukhetheni okubi zezilimo.
• Unqongophalo ujikelezo.
• Hormone.
• Ubukho ezidla kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi aneleyo izityalo kunye saselwandle esineqokobhe.

Collection kunye nokulungiselela ziyathengiswa

Iinkumba eziqokelelwe emva kokuba ize abanazo. Oku kwenzeka xa ngohlangothi intende iyaqina - squid sivuthiwe yaye akusayi kukhule. Iinkumba eqokelelwe ngeveki okanye xa lula kumfama, njengoko umthetho, ekwindla nasentlakohlaza, kunye neentsuku 7 idluliselwa iiseli ukuze inkqubo yazo yokwetyisa ukuphelisa umhlaba kunye nobutyobo. Yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe zibekwe kwindawo epholileyo kungekho ukutya kunye namanzi phakathi kwiiseli, lenziwe enemingxuma okanye ucingo. Ngexesha zokuhlanjululwa iinkumba balahlekelwe-20% of ubunzima bayo efihliweyo kwisinki, kodwa kuhlala kule meko iinyanga ezimbini xa igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo kubushushu omalunga 4-6 ° C.

Emva koko kufike ixesha zentengiso. Iinkumba zipakishwe kwiingxowa net (ezifana itswele), baba iibhokisi okanye ukuba eninzi kuwo kwiibhokisi yamaplanga.

Squid zithengiswa ezivenkileni evenkileni kunye zokutyela zithengwa. E Italy, umzekelo, imithendeleko ukutya zibanjwa rhoqo, kunye nokusetyenziswa iinkumba kangangokuba okuluphawu zabo. 60% iinkumba eziphilayo isasazeka kwiivenkile isebe iintlanzi.

isishwankathelo

iindlela zophando iinkumba engazali kuqhutywa kule minyaka ingama-40 idluleyo, ukuba ukuqoqosha kunye nesakhiwo engcono zonke iindlela. Imfuneko zilingane lokuloba kwenzeka ukwanda ukusetyenziswa kwale hlobo yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe ehlabathini lonke. The best Umbutho inkqubo kwezolimo kuye kwakhokelela ngendlela ngobuchule iinkumba likhula - "nokuqalisa inkqubo".

Foot yomdiliya yokuzalela oluqhutywa kwimeko, enika eninzi inyama ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kuba inkulu kwaye tastier ngaphezu saselwandle esineqokobhe ezikhuliselwe amagumbi okanye zokugcina.

Impumelelo ixhomekeke kubuchule into engaba umlimi ukuba ukusebenzisa le ndlela xa kusenziwa iimeko zemozulu okusingqongileyo engingqi. Studies olwenziwe eItali, wabonisa ukuba imali iinkumba yorhwebo, nto leyo enika ngamnye ekhethiweyo yokuvelisa, umlinganiselo 20. yesilwanyana saselwandle ezifunekayo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-10 ukuya kwele-12 ukuze kufikelelwe isayizi oyifunayo. ngobuninzi iinkumba zibonakala kunokwenzeka, kude akukho iingxaki ezinkulu ngexesha ngokuzityebisa okanye akukho sithuba saneleyo.

Foot zikhwelwe yomdiliya elifuna ubukho imeko efanelekileyo, ukukhula izityalo ezithile, ujikelezo eqhubekayo kunye yoxinaniso eliphantsi saselwandle esineqokobhe umvuzo inzala eninzi kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokubambisana ekuboneleleni ngenkathalo olwaneleyo nokhuselo depredation njengecochlea kuzuza kuphela kokuzalisa umjikelo wobomi ngokupheleleyo vivo, nto leyo kumele ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni babo ophezulu.