Ukulungiswa dyslexia ebantwaneni kwizikolo zaseprayimari: umthambo. Forms kunye neendlela nasekubalungiseni dyslexia

Kwihlabathi kukho inani elikhulu nezifo ebantwaneni. Enye yezi zifo dyslexia. Indlela yokuphatha kwesi sifo? Ithathwa eRashiya, kwaye iphathwa kakhulu ngempumelelo. Ukuze ukuba usebenzise olu sifo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu zokuqala, uze uqonde ke ukuba yintoni unyango ukulungele ukuya umntwana. Eli nqaku liza kuxelela abazali yintoni kukho ulungiso dyslexia kubantwana besikolo samabanga, kuba kukulungiswa exercises nazo ziya kuqwalaselwa. Ngoku, izinto eziza kuqala.

Dyslexia, Yintoni na?

Abazali Young kuya kuba luncedo ukwazi ukuba konke oku kuyingxaki. Wona dyslexia - isifo apho umntwana kunzima kwimbono nombolo ezininzi kunye nonobumba.

Umntwana uyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwabo, ukuze bazi, kodwa ngenxa yokugula, kukho amaxesha xa nako ukuqonda intsingiselo yawo.

Xa esi sifo wabonakalaliswa?

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo: "dyslexia yintoni" - kufuneka ukuze ufumanise ukuba kanye xa sifo kubonakala. Oku ikakhulu abantwana abaye ukuqalisa nje esikolweni. Ngenxa yokugula abantwana kunzima ngakumbi ukuqonda ulwazi olunika utitshala.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulwazi umfundi uyayiphulaphula kwaye kwasephakadeni, abantu abevanga, ukuba ukugaya kuzo amaxesha amaninzi kunokuba abe mnye, ukuba uthabatha uyaphuma iincwadi zezifundo zabo. Umntwana unako ukutshintsha amagama kwisicatshulwa, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kuqonda njengoko zocaphulo, kaloku ke, kunokuba amanani edidekile kunye neeleta. Kulo mba, abafundi kumabanga aphantsi esikolweni, ukusebenza kakuhle xa iyonke. Abaqiniseki esebenzayo bondlekile ngaphezu kweentanga zabo.

iimpawu dyslexia

Wonke umzali kufuneka ukwazi iimpawu ezingundoqo dyslexia, ukuba ukuqala ekuqaleni unyango. Kwakhona, ezi mpawu ziya kubanceda ukuba baqonde into uhlobo isifo umntwana ngalo mzuzu. Ngoko ke, iimpawu dyslexia amayeza zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Disorganization.
2. Ukungakhululeki kunye neengxaki nolungelelaniso.
3. Ubunzima ekwenzeni ulwazi kunye nokusebenza kwayo.
4. iingxaki ezahlukeneyo nokwenziwa kwamagama.
5. Ukungaphumeleli ukuqonda inkcazelo abayilesileyo yi umntwana kwisicatshulwa.

Ezi mpawu ziphambili zesi sifo. Kodwa kukho abanye. Zibonakala kangako, kodwa kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo yabo.

Ezinye iimpawu dyslexia

1. Nangona izakhono zokufunda ihlwempu, umntwana kakuhle-krelekrele.
2. Kukho ezinye iingxaki kunye nombono komntwana.
3. kuvela iingxaki leta, oko kukuthi nokubhala into engabonakaliyo.
4. Imposiso ngexesha ubhala okanye ukufunda, ezizezi ukushiywa iileta, okanye kutshintsho lobeko.
5. imemori Poor.

isifo imihlobo

Xa amayeza, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zesi sifo. Bayazi oogqirha, kodwa abazali yokuqonda kwabo kuyimfuneko. Ngoko ke, kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo dyslexia:

1. Mnesticheskimi dyslexia. Olona phawu olwahlula olu hlobo kukuba umntwana ukuba olu hlobo sifo, kuba nzima ukusebenza kunye neeleta, akazi ukuba yeyiphi izandi ehambelana ileta ethile.
2. Agrammaticheskaya dyslexia. Olu hlobo utshintsho okuvakaliswa iziphelo mzekelo, umntwana kunzima ngokuphembelela ngelizwi amatyala. Ukongeza, kunzima ukutshintsha amagama ikhefu lokuya kubeleka. Olu hlobo dyslexia ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni kunye nokungaphuhliseki systemic zentetho.
3. Lwezandi dyslexia. Olu hlobo lwesifo okuvakaliswa ingxubevange izandi umntwana ngoxa uphulaphule amazwi emlonyeni. Ngokusisiseko, ezi ziquka izandi ezahlukeneyo eziqinileyo intsingiselo-nye. Ukongeza, umntwana efunda incwadi amagama ngeleta, lingakwazi lungisa iisilabhili kunye neeleta.
4. dyslexia kwisemantiki. Olu hlobo wabonakaliswa yokuba umntwana efunda isicatshulwa ilungile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ukuqonda oko kuphosakele. Amagama xa ufunda isicatshulwa, esazi ngokupheleleyo bodwa, ngoko oku kukhokelela kwilahleko yonxibelelwano kunye nezinye iimpawu.
5. dyslexia Optical. Olu hlobo yokugqibela dyslexia va nje efane wabagagamela nokuxuba iileta ezifanayo graphic.

Ukulungiswa dyslexia kubantwana samabanga esikolweni, imithambo, ezo zibanjwa kunye neengcali, kunokunceda komntwana nabazali bakhe azisinyangi isifo naluphi na uhlobo kwaye na xaka.

Iindlela izilungiso: dyslexia

Nasiphi na isigulo kufuneka siphathwe. Kwaye ukuqalisa le nkqubo kwasekuqaleni kangangoko kunokwenzeka okuhle. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, kukulungiswa dyslexia ebantwaneni kwizikolo zaseprayimari, imisebenzi eyenzelwe ukuba zilwe, uya kumnceda umntwana wakho ukumelana nesi sifo. Kodwa kakhulu yinkqubo enzima. Ngelishwa, ukulungiswa dyslexia eMoscow kuphela phantsi amandla. Kwezinye izixeko, unyango lwesi sifo sele zenziwe. ulungiso dyslexia Lendlela ngeendlela ezininzi. Okulandelayo, uya ufunde ngenene zonke iindlela kunye nemithambo ezikhoyo ngexesha amayeza.

indlela Davis

ithandwa kakhulu kule ndawo unyango yokuqeqesha dyslexia ezifunyenwe yi Davis. Owasungula le ndlela, njengoko kwakusele unako ukuyiqonda ukusuka igama, umphandi uRonald Davis. Waba sele beyazi kakhulu le sifo, okt. A. Akavumela umntwana wakhe. ndlela yakhe iye izigaba eziliqela, iyileyo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo unyango dyslexia. Enkosi kubo, umntwana ngcembe iphuhlisa abacinga ngayo, inkumbulo kunye nengqalelo.

Iingcali ezininzi kunye nabazali babe nexesha lokuxabisa zonke iziphumo ezintle ngale ndlela.

Amanyathelo indlela Davis

1. Isigaba sokuqala - intuthuzelo. Umntwana kufuneka abe kwindawo yokothula intuthuzelo, ngaphandle abazifumana uqeqeshwa.
2. Inyathelo elilandelayo - kukuba ukusebenza kwi nolungelelaniso. Eli nqanaba kunceda a baqonda umntwana ezifana ekhohlo-ekunene, phezulu-phantsi. Oku kufuna ibhola irabha, kwixesha elizayo abalufunayo ezimbini. Ezi iibhola bakwazi ukukhupha izandi ezimnandi ngexesha izandla zakhe uthinte umntwana.
3. iisimboli ngolwazi encediswa umzekelo. Umntwana unikwa udongwe, kufuneka dazzle oonobumba, amanani, kunye iisilabhili ezahlukeneyo kuzo, kunye notitshala. Ngenxa yoku, umntwana ufunda imiqondiso engcono, t. To. Unako abazichukumisayo ngezandla zakhe kwaye unuka.
4. Kowokugqibela ibalulekileyo nqanaba - ukufunda. Yahlulahlulwe yaba amacandelo amathathu. Umntwana wokuqala kufuneka bafunde ukuguqula inkangeleko yakho ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene kwaye ingqalelo amaqela iileta. Lwesibini kukho ukukwazi ukuguqulela ukulungisa amehlo akhe ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Le -Includes ingxenye wesithathu usebenze ukuqonda intsingiselo isivakalisi esinye, kwaye ngoko ke sonke isicatshulwa.

Ukuphonononga abazali indlela Davis

Izimvo yale ndlela becala HIV. Parents ukuphuculwa sokusebenza kwabantwana esikolweni, kwakunye impumelelo yabo yokufunda. Bakwazi ukuthatha-50, kunye namaphepha nama-60 ngosuku. Abafundi baqale ukubhala ngokucacileyo ngaphezu phambi kokuba unyango. Ewe, kwaye umntwana uba esebenzayo ngakumbi. Ukuba kulula ukuba ukhethe kusasa ukuya esikolweni, nangona kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, abaninzi aveze, bakwazi ukwenza njalo ebunzimeni.

Kakade ke, usebenzisa le ndlela okanye hayi kuxhomekeke kuwe, kodwa into yokuba kuyanceda ukuba kuqinisekiswa abazali abaninzi kabani abantwana, ngelishwa, baqhelene nale sifo.

Kwaye ubonisa ukuba ukulungiswa dyslexia

E Moscow, kukho amaziko ezininzi ukunika ithuba lokuxoxa kunye nomsebenzi intetho therapist ukululeka dyslexia. Kuyinto le iingcali kwaye usebenzise indlela Davis zikhankanywe ngasentla. Ukongeza, owayendifundisa ukuthetha angacebisa abazali ngqo umthambo ezifanele umntwana wakho wenene. Kakade ke, kule tyelelo ekufuneka ihlawulwe imali ngokwaneleyo. Ixabiso ubuncinane utyelelo enye - 1500 engange. Ezinye iikliniki nangaphezulu - 2300 engange.

Kakade ke, ungaya enye indlela - ukuzibandakanya emntwaneni wabo. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho imisebenzi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinceda ukuze kujongwane ngendlela eyiyo dyslexia. Kuba isiqalo iya kuqwalaselwa iindlela ezisetyenziswa iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha xa usebenza dyslexia.

Le mithambo, ezo zibanjwa owayendifundisa ukuthetha

Wonke ugqirha phambi kokuba uqalise imithambo kunye nomntwana wakho, khangela, yintoni uhlobo dyslexia yena. Oku kungenxa yokuba uhlobo ngalunye ezifane iindlela zabo ezithile. Apha ngezantsi ziya kunikwa umthambo ezivela omnye okanye olunye uhlobo dyslexia:

1. Uqheliso lomsebenzi dyslexia lwezandi. Ukusebenza mbono ebanjwe ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Olokuqala ukucacisa ekwenziweni. Phambi isipili owayendifundisa ukuthetha ubonisa umntwana indlela ulwimi kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela ukuvula umlomo wakhe xa egweba isandi ethile. Xa le sigaba Busisiwe, umntwana uya kuqonda ubuchwephetshe bokuba yokubiza, sesibini isigaba iqala. intsingiselo yalo ukuthelekisa izandi ezahlukeneyo elingumxube ezifana indlela yokubiza amagama yokuphulaphula. Umsebenzi eyabelwe umntwana ngokuthe ngcembe usiba nzima ngakumbi.
2. Uqheliso e agrammaticheskoy dyslexia. Iingcali ukulungisa le ngxaki ngokuzoba umntwana encinane izivakalisi yokuqala uze elide ngakumbi. Kuyanceda ukuba ufunde ukutshintsha amagama amanani, iintlobo, kwaye amatyala.
3. Uqheliso e dyslexia mnestical. Intetho therapist usebenzisa emsebenzini wakhe kolu hlobo izifundo sifo ukuba nje efanayo incwadi. Kule modeli ungeniselo izandi ezahlukeneyo eziya kunceda umntwana ukuze baqonde intsingiselo luni ncwadi.
4. Uqheliso e dyslexia optical. Apha therapist umngeni ingxaki umntwana ufumane unobumba. Inokubuyiselwa ezifihliweyo emfanekisweni, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukugqiba okanye entanjeni. Kwakhona wasebenzisa otyhidiweyo ngodongwe, ukudrafta iincwadi yeentsasa axela.
5. Ndinyana zingezantsi dyslexia kwisemantiki. Lo msebenzi phambi kokuba ingcali intetho kule meko - ukunceda umntwana ukuqonda ukuba ixabiso kuthatha igama elithile. Ufuna kwakhona ukuqiniseka ukuba umfundi uyayiqonda intsingiselo ngesicatshulwa esifundiweyo. Ukuqonda ukuba yenziwa imifanekiso okanye nayiphi na imibuzo kuyo.

Uluhlu enkulu yesifo. Ukulungiswa dyslexia ebantwaneni kwizikolo zaseprayimari, umzimba izalana ngokusondeleyo ukuya kwezi ntlobo. Eneneni, wabulela kubo, iingcali bazi ukuba zeziphi iindlela ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukulungiswa dysgraphia kunye dyslexia abafundi abancinane: umthambo

Ngoko ke, lixesha lokuba uthethe imithambo, ezinceda kumzabalazo kunye dyslexia. Ba kakuhle, yaye ukuba umntwana ukubandakanyeka yonke imihla, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuzuzwe iziphumo ezilungileyo:

1. athintithisayo ulwimi. Ewe, ziphimisele kuluncedo kakhulu umntwana. Isibakala sokuba athintithisayo lwabo - ukulandelelana amagama afana. Ngenxa kule umntwana nga va umahluko. Ungazama ukufunda amagama ukuze reverse.
2. Pronunciation izandi ezahlukeneyo. Abazali kufuneka uchazele umntwana ukuba akwazi ukulibiza yamaqabane kuqala, kwandula ke izikhamiso nezandi ngokupheleleyo nawuphi na umyalelo. Kwaye oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwi siphefumla. Emva kwethutyana, kufuneka ukuxuba izikhamiso oonobumba.
3. Imithambo yomzimba ngqo. Yayivelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo imithambo yokuphefumla. Yokuba i eshushu-up ukulungiswa dyslexia.
4. Ngerabha ibhola. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufundisa umntwana ukufunda ngayo amagama. Ibhola iyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba xa umntwana wathandaza lwegama, yena acudisiweyo nayo yonke iminwe yakho.
5. Umthambo "Utsala-". intsingiselo yalo usendleleni yokuba omnye abazali kufuneka abe umntwana ufunde isicatshulwa. Okokuqala, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bafunda ngokuvakalayo kunye, uze emva koko omnye kuye. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abazali kufuneka baziqhelanise isantya ufunda nomntwana, ngokuba akakwazi ukuhlala kunye nabantu abadala.
6. Lo msebenzi lokugqibela - ukufunda ezininzi itekisi. Umntwana unikwa sicatshulwa, yaye phakathi umzuzu wathi uyayifunda. Xa le ngcaciso imfutshane, ubeke uphawu kuloo ndawo apho umntwana uhlala. Koko, emva kwethuba elifutshane, kufuneka kwakhona ukufunda uphume kuyo. Bazali, ke, kufuneka alandele Dynamics ukufunda, kuba abo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kweli xesha ndaqonda usana. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba okubhaliweyo kufuneka ifundwe izihlandlo ezininzi ngosuku, kodwa iziphazamiso.

Ezi ifaka kwaye kufuneka enze ekhaya yonke imihla. iziphumo ngoko nangoko akayi kuba, kodwa ukuphucuka kuphuhliso ekugqibeleni uya kuzibonakalisa yonke ngamandla.

ngenxa

Ukulungiswa dyslexia ebantwaneni kwizikolo zaseprayimari, usebenzisa yokulwa kucingelwa kwenziwa ehlabathini lonke. Ngelishwa,-arhente ezikhethekileyo Russian lincinane kakhulu.

Iinkonzo unyango kwintetho ngamaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, phatha umntwana kwaye kufuneka in Russian. Umphumo iya kuba ikhuselekile ngonaphakade. Enkosi imithambo ezizodwa, umsebenzi yomntwana iya kukhula nokuphucula intsebenzo yalo esikolweni. Dyslexia - sisifo zinokunyangeka.