Yakubon 'ukuba impi Crecy?

Yayingeyiyo Battle of Crécy kwenzeka ngo-1346. Kuye kwabakho ukulwa kwixesha lokuqala elide Iminyaka Elikhulu War phakathi eFransi England.

ngumba

Ngowe-1337, uKumkani Edward III wathi ibango yakhe kwitrone isiFrentshi. Yena zixhotyiswe uhambo enkulu wazama ukuba bababambe Paris. kwiphulo lakhe lokuqala lwenzeka eFlanders - nommandla Belgium yanamhlanje. British Army ayiphumelelanga ukuba ahlasele France. Kwakunxibelelene iingxaki zemali wokumkani, kunye bokuphathisana sakhe asiphumelelanga.

Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, Edward III wagqiba ukwenza omnye umzamo. Eli xesha, nempi yakhe ziwela eNormandy. Army ekhokelwa ukumkani yena, nonyana wakhe omdala, Edward i-Black Prince, ababethwala isihloko Prince of Wales. Xa intloko yomkhosi French ukumkani French Philip VI Valois. Kuyinto la abaye bajamelana nye eNormandy. Luvuthondaba phulo yaba kwemfazwe Crecy.

elakhiwe British ku eNormandy

Ehlotyeni 1346 Eduard wazama ukuba bamqumbise idabi bamisa. UFilipu wayehluke nazigqibo kwaye lweMedia izihlandlo eziliqela ngalo mzuzu ezibalulekileyo. Ngenxa yesi sicwangciso, amaBritane ayekade yonke eNormandy waza wamsongela emantla eFransi, kuquka Paris.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-Agasti 26, Edward III wathabatha isikhundla kwi xitsunga kufutshane kwilali Crecy e wasePicardy. intelligence British akazange ukubaphoxa omkhulu. Scouts ingxelo ukuba inkosi French imfuneko nokuhlaselwa behlunguzela yaseBritani. Ekubeni ngenyanga entsha nganye zemfazwe eFransi yaba kwintlekele yoqoqosho ngakumbi azikaqapheleki. Ukongeza, kwiphondo lommntla zaye bathinjwe zizo ngumkhosi lutshaba, nto leyo kondliwa ngeendleko nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Ukususela ngoko, njengoko Edward ziwela eNormandy, walahlekelwa malunga yeshumi-mkhosi yawo. Phambi kokubhiyozela edabini phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, kwaba malunga 12 lamawaka amajoni. Yaba amandla ukuloyisa. On the British Army isampula ebhalwe ngokubanzi Alfred Bern. "Idabi Crécy" - enye yeencwadi zakhe edumileyo yobunzululwazi abazinikele bamaXesha Aphakathi.

Ukwakhiwa amabutho

IsiNgesi Vanguard ekhokelwa indlalifa ukuya Crown - Black Prince. Idla afumaneka kwi nephiko ekunene. Esi sakhiwo siye yemveli umkhosi ephakathi. Yena bencediswa nabathetheli ezinamava - Earl of Oxford kunye Earl of Warwick. Ephangweni efanele phezu induli encinci, ezinemithi phezu kwezinye British Army.

Ngokubanzi, wonke umkhosi phezu ithambeka, ukuziqengqa entilini emlanjeni. Abasemva ephangweni ngasekhohlo. Bakhokelwa umphathi odumileyo mkhosi Earl of Northampton. Xa embindini emva komgca ukuzithethelela yaba webutho reserve. Ezi units phantsi kolawulo ngqo kaKumkani Edward III. Mill emi khona, waba luncedo njengoko isithuba okuboniweyo.

impi Edward kaThixo

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ukumkani IsiNgesi yagqiba ukuba imfazwe Crécy kufuneka ibe yimpi ngeenyawo. Ngomhla olwandulela umkhosi waseBritani uthumele onke amahashe yakhe lori. Waye ngasemva vika ngononophelo iyunithi lolaleliso. Edward wenza isigqibo icebiso Earl of Northampton. Le umphathi uye wacela ukuba basebenzise amava akhe ngempumelelo ehamba kuliwee Idabi Morlaix, owenzeka kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambili.

Indima ebalulekileyo yomkhosi Edward wayedlala yabatoli. Baye okuqokelelwe-elikhankanyiweyo izithuba enimbiwe emathambekeni ezizodwa yokugcina elula neentolo nezaphetha uyitshaje kwakhona. Ngexesha emfazweni, shooter nganye ekhutshwa iintolo imizuzu 30-40. Ukususela kuqala British wathabatha kwizikhundla zabo, bakwazi ukubambelela ngokutsha ukulwa nokulungiselela iqhinga kwimeko ndlela French.

ukwehluleka intelligence French

Battle Kubalulekile of Crecy yaba ukuba ingqondo French yamothusa epheleleyo. Ngowe-1346, waba ngokuphawulekayo ngaphantsi abachasi IsiNgesi, abo kusoloko amanyathelo ezimbalwa ezizayo. Okokuqala, uFilipu waya lokuzikhumbuza kunye nomkhosi utshaba ngendlela engalunganga. Xa Scouts ekugqibeleni waqonda impazamo yabo, unxibelelwano French sele Wasolula ngenxa leekhilomitha eziliqela. King kungekudala sakwazi ukubuyisela uqeqesho kunye endleleni, kodwa kushenxa ngempazamo malini ixesha elixabisekileyo kamva ngayo ukulungela imfazwe.

Battle of Crécy ngo-1346 yaba tyuu ngenxa non-uniform yomkhosi French, nabanako uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. Xa lokuqala mercenaries ngamaRoma, yaye abalindi ngalo ukumkani. Inani eli qela yaba kubantu 6000. Ngomhla olwandulela edabini, yena undivingcile ekuhlaseleni ngamaxesha ze iBritane ngethuba uhlela efanayo, kangangokuba iye ibethwe.

sizana angaphandle

Ubukho ngamaRoma, akumangalisi - basemzini abaninzi ebewalwela Philip IV. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho ngookumkani. Umzekelo, i-Bohemian uKumkani Ioann Lyuksemburgsky. Ke indoda leyo ibiselilixhego (ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo aphakathi) uyimfama, kodwa weza awayihlangula of akhe sizana ixesha elide, ngubani kwafuneka lijongane ungenelelo ngoncedo yaseBritani. Ukongeza, kwiminyaka edlulileyo, uYohane uchithe ixesha elininzi enkundleni French. Kananjalo umkhosi kaFilipu abaninzi mercenaries German kunye ngezigaba amancinane zakwaEsawu German kunye nezinye iinkosana ezincinane.

athathwe French

Ekugqibeleni, isahlulo sesithathu French amajoni yaba athathwe yamahlwempu. Belali basabela ngolangazelelo ubizo abasemagunyeni ukuba balwe ugonyamelo amazwe. Nangona imfazwe medieval engazange enxibe ngumlinganiswa yesizwe ngokukhawuleza, le meko akukho ngaphandle. Abalimi kabi baceba impi. Abaninzi kubo baya e umkhosi okokuqala.

Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemithombo elo xesha, kusekho abaphandi ayikwazi ukwazi ukuba Ubukhulu ngqo mkhosi uFilipu. Hi xikombiso, le chroniclers IsiNgesi baze bakhomba lomzobo 100 amawaka abantu. Nakuba kunjalo, iinkcukacha ezinjalo nzima ukukukholelwa. Kwicala eliphumelelayo rhoqo zabaxwa ngokufaneleka kwakhe. Kodwa inye into esiqiniseke ngayo: umkhosi kwisiFrentshi ubuncinane kabini njengoko IsiNgesi kakhulu (akukho ngaphantsi kwe-30 amawaka abantu). Lo mahluko wanika uFilipu intembelo amakhono abo. Kodwa ke oko akuthethi ukuya njengoko bekucwangcisiwe ukumkani, emfazweni wema Crecy. Ophumelele elinde naye zikhundla elungiselelwe kuhle ...

Umahluko phakathi mbutho

Agasti 26, 1346 ngentsimbi 16, umkhosi French ufikelele intlambo umlambo encinane Meillet. Umkhosi wabonwa abalindi lokusila. Malunga breaking ngoko nangoko Edward III. nangoko umkhosi waseBritani wathabatha izikhundla zabo. Amaqhawe, amadoda iingalo, abatoli - ukuba lwalandela ipateni icala entilini. Apho, wayaleka ke umkhosi French.

Kwanangaphambi kokuba edabini kwi Crecy (1346), i-British waqonda ukuba unokuzuza ecacileyo. Kwakugcwele kwingqeqesho. umkhosi IsiNgesi baqeqeshwe kakuhle kukhethwe ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba abe iinqanawa sasinga eNormandy. Zonke ii-odolo kunye Edward i-Black Prince zizalisiwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kwangaxeshanye, umkhosi French nako kuqhayisa yesikolo kunye nengqeqesho. Ingxaki yayikukuba wamajoni, imikhosi asebukhosini mercenaries angaphandle kakuhle baqonda nomunye. Gaba zazikhona abamelwane babo. In ezintlwini French phambi kokuqala wedabi kwakungekho ukudideka kunye chaos, ukuba nokubonakala kwawo British.

Xa eqala ngesiquphe yokulwa

Ukongeza, kwakhona uFilipu wasishwankathela esi ubukrelekrele. Akazange waxelelwa malunga nendawo ekhoyo utshaba umkhosi. Ukumkani, ukuba kufuphi Crecy, thiki ukunika alwe loo mini. Xa waqonda ukuba squad utshaba ngumgama oziikhilomitha nje ezimbalwa kude, ezibize likaxakeka ibhunga imfazwe, leyo umbuzo mba: ukuba okanye hayi ukuya kwinqanaba lohlaselo kwangolo suku?

Uninzi zodidi aphezulu amagosa French ayexhasa kuyo, ukuze elinye umlo kwada kwasa ngengomso. Esi sigqibo siyavakala - unanamhla lonke yomkhosi wakhe ngendlela nokulungelelana udiniwe. Amajoni ukuphumla. Philip andiyi eqwengiweyo. Wavuma kunye nebhunga waza wayalela ukuba ayeke.

Noko ke, apha waceba beka nemeko yomntu, ngenxa apho edabini e Crecy. Ngokufutshane, French amaqhawe uziphakamisile, ebona ukongama lwabo lwamanani, bagqiba ukuhlasela utshaba ngokuhlwa efanayo. Baba ngabokuqala wabalekiselwa uhlaselo. Army Building kwaba phambi Knights baba mercenaries ngamaRoma. Baye ke ukuya phambili, khon 'ukuze bawe phantsi impembelelo yabazalwana yabo yokuzibhubhisa. Ngoko ke mpi yaqala e Crecy. Abachasi kunye uphumeleleyo isigqibo, ukuba kuya kwenzeka kuphela kusasa, kodwa ukuziphatha bathathe i-French amajoni khawuleza utyhilo.

lahluleka French

Le lahleko zokuqala ezinkulu zomkhosi ubunzima emva kokulwa phakathi abatoli IsiNgesi kwaye crossbowmen Italian abaye bakhonza uFilipu. ngenxa yawo ubhalo. I-British yamgxotha utshaba ngempumelelo ngakumbi ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu izaphetha elide. Ukongeza, phambi kokuba imfazwe imvula, kwaye crossbows ngamaRoma nkxu kakhulu, kutheni zibe sendleleni.

Battle of Crécy eyabakho ke ngemihla ekuqaleni zokudubula. IsiNgesi kunaso wenza volleys ezimbalwa kwicala isiFrentshi. Umphakathi azikhange - imipu ityala buckshot. Enoba kwenzeka ntoni na, nokuba le ndlela abangekaphuhli boyikiswa le French amajoni.

arbaletchikami Emva wahamba mabutho ekhubekisayo. Knights uFilipu kuye kwafuneka bayeke ezininzi izithintelo zasendalweni, kuquka sicace ngaphezulu kuzo yaseBritani. The French wathatha ngaphezulu kwama-16 ehlasela wamagazi. Akukho namnye kubo zange baphumelele.

Ilahleko baba kakhulu. Bona amashumi amawaka ubomi babantu. UFilipu yena uhlatywe. Ngoko yaphela ngokungeyompumelelo ngo-1346 kuye. Battle Crecy kuqinisekiswa ithuba IsiNgesi. Ngoku Edward aqhubeke phulo lakhe kumantla eFransi. Koko wabubhekisa ubuso inqaba wonxweme ebalulekileyo Kale.

Izizathu uloyiso British

Isiphumo imfazwe baphuma ukuba ezothusayo ukuba isiFrentshi. Ngoko kutheni na amaNgesi baye baphumelela? Kuyenzeka ukuqulunqa eziliqela yezizathu, nto leyo ekugqibeleni uya kuguqula omnye. Phakathi imikhosi ezimbini utshaba kwinzonzobila enkulu yentlangano. The British baqeqeshwa kakuhle, abaxhobileyo bazi ngento abaza. Baya kulwa ezweni langaphandle, emva kwabo kuphela ulwandle, nto leyo ithetha ukuba kufuneka nto ukuba ulahlekelwe.

Umkhosi French ibe yamaqhawe ngokulambisa kunye mercenaries ngokukhethwa kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Le tangle omkhulu babantu izele ephikisanayo kunye ngaphakathi. I Knights Bengakholosanga ngamaRoma, abalimi eyayenza izinduna. Konke oku unobangela lusizo kaKumkani uPhilip IV.

imiphumela

ubomi obuninzi inkunzi Idabi Crécy. Umhla imfazwe ngomhla yesijwili lonke France. Idabi ubelahlekile, njengehlakani Filippa Korol of eBohemia Ioann Lyuksemburgsky. Kwaliwa wabonisa ukusebenza yesaphetha elide, nto leyo eyasetyenziswa British. Olu hlobo olutsha isixhobo iye yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo inzululwazi Committe zamaXesha Aphakathi. Isandulela zonke ezi utshintsho, loo nto yaba ngo-1346. Battle of Crécy yaye idabi lokuqala apho zokudubula lalisetyenziswa kukuninzi.

Impumelelo kwi ledabi ukuba ngokukhululekileyo uEduardo ukuthatha lonke kumantla eFransi. Kungekudala yena ayingqinga, waza wathimba kwizibuko ezibalulekileyo Calais. Emva kokuba uphazamiseko ebangelwe bhubhani lwesibetho, umkhosi waseBritani uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo aphula yaseFransi. Ngowe-1360 Kwinqanaba lokuqala Iminyaka Elikhulu War yaphela. Ngokutsho iziphumo isithsaba IsiNgesi yafumana eNormandy, Calais, UBrittany kunye Aquitaine - ngaphezu kwesiqingatha France. Kodwa oku zange iphele i Iminyaka War. Battle of Crécy nje omnye ugqaliselo ezininzi gazi elide ephakathi eYurophu.