Yabetha - isikhundla inkundla

Ithenwa - ligama i-ofisi kamantyi. Ilizwi a ukuboleka evela German. Yintoni umsebenzi womntu, owaba erenkini? Zeziphi yezabelo lo gama ngolwimi mihla Russian?

igosa

Yabetha - a ukuboleka. Xa inguqulelo Russian igama Kammerherr lithetha "inkosi igumbi" okanye "igumbi nkosi." Ngoko ke, lo mntu uphethe loo ndawo kumaXesha Aphakathi (oko kukuthi, xa iintsuku mfiliba kwaye kumnyama beza isikhundla enkundleni), ukubukela indlela egumbini. Kodwa ukuba elithi ukuguqulela ngokoqobo. Enyanisweni, uluhlu noxanduva lo esisemthethweni banzi kakhulu.

Ithenwa - osemthethweni baphathiswa umsebenzi ngemali preservation. Commoner ngokuvumelana nazo, Kakade ke, nako. indoda kakhulu imvelaphi amanene. Kuyinto elithi multivalued "Chamberlain". Intsingiselo ngamnye karhulumente ephakathi waba bokuqonda zalo; ngokuba njengoko iqela umsebenzi kwilizwe nganye iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezithile.

United Kingdom

Emva kokufa Elizabeth ukuya etroneni England James I. Dynasty ingozi yokwenene. Stuart Tudor zatshintsha. Impi enkundleni. Ukumkani kwafuneka ukuba balwe igunya, usebenzisa iindlela zombini amanene kunye amaqhophololo. proteges Elizabeth kunjalo lwehla isangqa etroneni, benze amaqhinga. Kulo mzekelo, amagosa enkundla babe namava omkhulu. Kwaye ukuze woyise loo monakalo abameli nabalandeli ubukhosi lwamaNgesi, ukumkani amaziko amatsha elitsha umbutho ngamandla. Omnye wabo lokulala Royal. Kuyaphi kwindawo entsha na lowo wabizwa ngokuba "Chamberlain". Yintoni na? Ziziphi iimpawu zayo?

Ngababusi akazange ukusombulula imiba ebalulekileyo yesizwe. Ubuncinane kwiminyaka yokuqala isithuba. Aba bantu babe ukumkani. Kwafuneka ufikelelo sasebukhosini, apho ukungena ngaphandle kwemvume abakwazanga nkqu amalungu eBhunga State. Ekuqaleni kobukumkani kaYakobi I lakumathenwa esithoba. Ekupheleni kobukumkani bakhe --nye linababini.

e Germany

Njengokuba kuthiwe, "Chamberlain" - igama waseJamani. Kodwa wadala le posi wayengekho eJamani. Isibakala sokuba isampuli esithatyathwe umbutho karhulumente kunye nezinye zikarhulumente ephakathi. Kwabonakala Le mbono "ithenwa" xa izilawuli German, apho kwakukho isixa esikhulu, kwabakho imfuneko eposini. Kwaye ngolwimi ilizwi Schiller libe yinxalenye yalo kwinkundla Russian.

Phantsi Peter I

Great wabaHlaziyi wayemthanda yonke yaseYurophu. Ngaphezu koko, ukumkani wafuna lo mkhuba wakhe luqikelelo. Kwakunjalo xa eneminyaka uPetros ngolwimi Russian, umkhosi Germanism. Ukusetyenziswa ezininzi kuzo kuyimfuneko. Ngapha koko, kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo eRashiya ngamandla kuphuhliso zobunjineli kunye imikhumbi. Kodwa uPetros ndandingafuni nje ukuphucula ngenzululwazi, kodwa kwakhona ukuba ihlele courtly kuluhlu kwi European model. Kwaye ngoko wabongoza amagosa ukuba afunde isiJamani. In Lexicon Russian, amagama amatsha. Phakathi kwabo - eziqwini, leyo ngaphambili wayengekho enkundleni.

Kamergerstvo wayengekho buyinto entsha ngokupheleleyo. igama Elivisisanayo zangaphandle indawo Russian ubudala ubudala. Yabetha wabizwa ngokuba Ngendlu ngesitshixo. Phantsi Alexander I, isithuba kwayekwa. Kodwa hayi ngokupheleleyo. ngababusi ezimbalwa kuhlala. Kodwa ngendima edlalwa kwinkundla yokomfuziselo kuphela.

Xa uCatherine II

UKumkanikazi ngenxa imvelaphi yazo lokuphathwa ngentlonipho enkulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba namathenwa eneminyaka yakhe kwakunzima kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, imisebenzi zomntu, sithuba, Zaba luxanduva kakhulu. Igosa elenzelwa isihloko abahamba phambili, ngoku ugijima-Pomakazi asebukhosini. Noko ke, ukuvela waba Abantu abaninzi lentendelezo. Yintoni na yahlukile ezinye?

Bamele kwinkundla yoluntu uCatherine kaThixo xesha. Yabetha akanayo iimpawu ezinika ingcaciso. Akatsho ukuba anxibe izambatho ezikhethekileyo yaye ngenkankulu ahluke kwabanye abazalwana enkundleni. Kulo mzekelo, ukuze siqonde indlela yintoni na lo igumbi? elula kakhulu. Nanku lo mntu uvethe uKumkanikazi loop. Xa umntu wobukhosi etroneni, yena emi emva kwakhe, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha enika amanzi kunye nangokwenza ezinye iminqweno ezincinane. Nangona ubuncinane yayo, Chamberlain - umntu xa ilifa isitshixo. Kodwa hayi elula, negolide, kunye ngedayimani. Abantu uhlala kwesi sikhundla ebudeni bolawulo uCatherine kwakuyinto kakhulu.

Amazwi ethathwe ingqikelelo

igama Ingcambu - "ithenwa". Namhlanje yaphuma ukusetyenziswa. Ithenwa ebizwa kanye isitshixo ngegolide ecocekileyo, nto leyo unentsingiselo yokomfuziselo kuphela.

Namhlanje yinto asilogama inokufumaneka kuphela kwisihloko omnye kwizitrato zindala eMoscow. Xa alley ehamba amagosa Mezhuyev Tverskaya kunye Bolshaya Dmitrovka bake baphila. Ngenxa yoko igama - Chamberlain lane.