UPetya Klypa: i-biography. Zigzags zexesha likaPeter Klypa

Nangona iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 idlulile ukususela ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic, kuze kube namhlanje kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ukukhunjulwa kwamaqhawe aqala ukulwa ne-fascism kwaye ayilondoloze ihlabathi ngenxa yesibetho seBrown. Phakathi kwabo bafuna ukuhlala bekhunjulwa kwezizwe, iindawo ezikhethekileyo zihlala ngabasemagunyeni baseBrest Fortress, ababengowokuqala ukuthatha intshaba.

Ngabantu abadala, i-citadel yayigcinwa ngabantu abaselula. Omnye wabo kwakunguPetya Klypa, oku kuye oku kunikezelwa kulo nqaku.

Ubomi ngaphambi kwemfazwe

Iqhawe elincinci lokukhusela iBrest Fortress - uPetr Sergeevich Klypa - wazalwa ngowe-1926 eBryansk kwintsapho yesoliwe. Uyise wakhe wafa xa le nkwenkwe yayiselula kakhulu. Ukunyamekela umntakwabo omncinci wathatha uNikolai Klypa. Ngaloo xesha, wayeseyindoda yomlawuli we-muscovy ye-Reg3 33 ye-Infantry Regiment. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-11 uPetya ubhalise kwiyunithi efanayo njengomfundi. Ngowe-1939, i-regiment ithathe inxaxheba kwi-RKKA ukuhamba ukuya eNtshona eBelorussia, kwaye yafakwa kwindawo ye-Brest Fortress.

Kubantwana

UPetya Klypa wayezama ukufana nomntakwabo, ngoko ukususela esemncinci wayephupha njengomsebenzi wempi. Ukongezelela, ukufunda esikolweni kubonakala kuye umsebenzi obangelisayo, kwaye wakhetha ukuphinda ahlaziye ngokucwangciswa komculo kunye nokuqeqesha. Njengabo bonke a makhwenkwe, uPetya wayekuthanda ukuxhoma aze abukele ubomi babantu enqabeni, ngoko wayazi zonke ikhonkco.

NgoJuni 21, 1941

Nangona umzalwana, njengoko wayekwazi, wayemjonga uPetros, iofisi yakhe ayizange ivumele le nkwenkwe ukuba igcinwe phantsi kolawulo olufanelekileyo. Ngomhla ka-21 kaJuni, umfundi osemncinci womculo wayenetyala elikhulu. Wabaleka esuka kwinqaba waya kwisixeko ukuze athathe umculi omdala we-orchestra, owayefanele ukubonelela ngomculo wemidlalo.

Ukungabikho kwakhe kwaphawulwa, kwaye xa ebuyela kwiyunivesithi, umzalwana onomsindo wamthukuthela uPetros, wamyala ukuba afunde inxalenye yexilongo kwi-opera Beze "uCarmen".

Ngoxa abanye abaphengululi bebukela ibhayisikobho kwiklabhu yenkqantosi, uKlypa wanyanzelwa ukuba asebenze nzima kumculo. Emva koko, wadibana nomnye umfana omncinci wecala lomculo, uKolya Novikov, owayeneminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Abahlobo bavuma ukuba babaleke ngasese ekuseni ukuloba.

Ngosuku lokuqala lwemfazwe

NgoJuni 22, uPetya Klypa waphaphama kwi-rumble of explosion. Edusele kuye kwiindawo zokungqubuzana zafa kwaye zalimala. Akazange aqonde ukuba wayeyi-shells, kwaye nangona intloko yakhe yayibuhlungu ngentlungu, wabamba isibhamu somntu waza walungisa ukulwa naloo maqabane adala.

Ekubeni izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwinqaba zazingumgama omkhulu omnye komnye, kwaye utshaba lwahlaselwa kwiindawo eziliqela, kwavela iindawo ezininzi zokukhusela. Njengoko kwacaca emva kwemfazwe, ekuseni ukususela kwi-citadel, iiyunithi eziliqela kunye nenani elipheleleyo labasebenzi abangu-6,000 abasele. Amaqhawe aseleyo (ama-9,000 amasoldati kunye namagosa) aqhubeka elwa, evalele ibutho elincinci leentshaba elibhekiselele kwilizwe.

Ukuqala kwenqaba yokukhusela

Abantwana kwimfazwe (nakwiinqaba, ngaphandle koPetya noKolya Novikov, kwakukho abafundi abambalwa bekholomu yomculo kunye nabantwana ababini kunye neentombi zamagosa) - le nto ayinakuyinyamezela. Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho nethuba lokuhlela ukukhutshwa kwabo, kwaye abantu abadala bazama, kunokuba banako, ukunceda abantu abadala. Baye bangena kwiindawo ezingenakufikeleleka kwabanye abaqhubi, kwaye benza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yabalawuli.

Ngexesha lokukhusela i Fort Fortress, iKlypa Kapa ngokuphindaphindiweyo wenza njengobambiswano phakathi kweeyunithi ezingekho phantsi kwenkampu kwaye yabona izenzo zentshaba.

Ngomhla wesibini emva kokuba isiqhwithi saqala, abantwana - amaqhawe emfazwe - uPyotr Klypa noKolya Novikov - bafumanisa i-depot yezixhobo. Baxelele lo mlawuli. Abakhuseli beenkampu bathatha ngokuvuyela iindaba zokuba abafana bafumana iibhokisi ngeekrijiji, ekubeni ezi zixhobo zazivumela ukuba ziqhubeke zixhathisa kwiintshaba ngaphambi kokuba zifike. Namhlanje siyazi ukuba kwakungekho ndawo yokulinda uncedo lwabalondolozi baseBrest, kodwa ke amajoni kunye nabalawuli abazingqongileyo kwi-citadel babengayazi malunga naso, kwaye bacinga ukuba bexhoba lomsebenzi onamandla kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle.

Ukuqhubela phambili

Iqhawe elincinci lalizimisele ukulwa, nangona abalandeli belikhulile bezama ukulondoloza inkwenkwe. Waye wahlaselwa kwi-bayonet, ehlasele ibhotile, evela kwindawo yokugcina impahla.

UPetya Klyp wayengabonakali phi? Inkwenkwe yenkwenkwe eyanikela amayeza yaxakeka bonke abakhuseli benqaba. Xa amabhinji agqitywa kwi-infirmary ephuculweyo, wafumana amayeza kunye namaqhekeza kwiindawo zokubhubha zeyunithi yezokwelapha waza wawadonsa esekweni, apho abalimala befihle khona.

Abantwana kwimfazwe abahluphekileyo kunye nabasetyhini. Abantwana kunye nabalimala babenzima kakhulu ngenxa yokoma. Nangona i-Bug yayisondele, utshaba olumlilo oluqhubekayo lugxotha yonke imizamo yokuhambisa amanzi kubasemagunyeni nabemi abaye bathabatha ingqungquthela kwimisebenzi yokuzikhusela, eyayisabanjwe ngamasosha aseRomas Army. Unomdla uPeterya Klypa, ongu-biography ovela emva kwemfazwe, ayenze ngokuphindaphindiweyo aze abuyele ngeflamki epheleleyo. Ukongezelela, kwiindawo zokubhubhisa izakhiwo ezingenanto, le nkwenkwe yafumana ukutya, kwaye emva kokuba ifike kwindlu yokugcina yaseVoentorg kwaye yafumana ingubo yengubo apho. Kwakuyimfuneko kakhulu kubasetyhini nabantwana abathi, ngemizuzu yokuqala ye-fascists yokuhlasela kwe-USSR, balala baze baphuma ngaphandle kwezindlu zabo zangaphantsi.

Ukuphulukana

Xa abalawuli abakhokela ukukhusela i Fort Fortress baqaphela ukuba le nto yayingenasiphelo, bawalela abafazi nabantwana ukuba banikezele, kuba babe nethemba lokusindisa ubomi babo ngale ndlela. Amajoni aqala ukunyanzela uPetya namanye amantombazana ukuba ahambe ngaphesheya kwinqaba kunye nabantu, kodwa le nkwenkwe yayithukuthele, kuba wayezijonga njengomloli we-Red Army.

Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kwacaca ukuba ii-cartridges ziza kukhawuleza, kwaye umyalelo wagqiba ukuzama ukugqithisa kwinqanaba leNtshona Koloni kwaye uzama ukuya kwiindawo eziseBrest.

Andikwazi ukwenza oku. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabalweli bafa, kodwa uPyotr Klypa, owayeneminyaka engama-12 ubudala ngelo xesha, wayephakathi kwabambalwa abaye bakwazi ukufikelela ngaphandle komzi. Nangona kunjalo, yena kunye namaqabane amaninzi, athatyathwa yi-fascists kwaye aqhutyelwe kwikholam yeemfazwe zemfazwe.

Kwinkampu yoxinaniso

Xa ikholam yawela i-Bug, imoto enekhamera yaseJamani, eyadutshulwa iindwendwe zokubonisa kwiBerlin, yaqhubela kuye. Bafothula amabanjwa enqabileyo emfazwe kwaye ngokukhawuleza babona inkwenkwe efanelwe yinto efanayo, eyayibaxhaphaza. Wayevuya uPetya Klypa. Abaqhubi kunye namaphonkco abetha umntwana aze afe, kunye nayo yonke indlela eya kwinkampu yokuxininisa kwidolophu yasePoland yaseByala Podlaska amabanjwa awayephethe. Ekufikeni, uPetya Klyp wahlangana noKolya Novikova. Kwakukho nabanye abantwana, amaqhawe emfazwe evela kwiQonga laseBrest.

Ubaleke uze uthumele eJamani

Amakhwenkwe avela kumascovets aya kuqhubeka nokulwa. Kungekudala baye bakwazi ukuphunyuka, eBrest abafana bafunda ukuba ngaphambili bekude kude. Kuzo zonke iiklasi zamaqela omculo, kuphela uVolodya Kazmin wavuma ukwenza indlela yakhe phambili kunye noPetya. Bakwazi ukudlula kuphela iikhilomitha ezilikhulu, kwaye kwelinye leedolophu zaseBelarusian zafunyanwa ngamapolisa, awathumela ulutsha lwaseSoviet ukusebenza eJamani.

Ngoko uPyotr Sergeevich Klypa waya kwidolophana yaseHohenbach kwintsimi yaseAlsace, apho waqala ukusebenza njengomlimi kwintsimi ekhuphekileyo yaseKotsel Friedrich, owayengumsebenzi wewayini.

Emva kokufika kwamaMerika

UPetra, kunye nabanye abatsha, baxotshwa kwi-USSR, bakhululeka ngo-1945 ngabaseMerika. Baqala ukubamba ixabiso kunye newayini kwiJamani. U-Klyp wabonisa apho umnikazi wakhe wayifihla khona iwayini, waza wafumanisa waza wachazela kwikomkhulu yecandelo letanki lase-US Army apho igosa laseJamani uFriedrich lalifihle khona. AmaMerika anika uPetros ibhokhwe waza wathumela iqela lamajoni ukuba athabathe i-fritz. Emva koko baqala ukumnika imiyalelo yokufumana apho amalungu e-NSDAP ahlala kwisithili. Njengoko uPetros ngokwakhe wabonisa ngexesha lokuphanda imibuzo e-USSR, akafumani mvuzo ngokusebenzisana namahlakani, kodwa wanikezwa ukutya kunye negwayi kwaye waze wanikeza iwatchwatch. Ukongeza, uKlype wamenywa ukuba athuthele e-US, kodwa wala, ebonisa umnqweno wokubuyela ezweni lakubo.

Umdlalo kunye nobugebengu beqhawe laseBrest

I-Zigzags yesigqibo sikaPeter Klypa inokumothukisa nabani na. Akuncinci owaziwayo ukuba lowo wenza izinto ezininzi ezenziwa ngumntwana osemtsha owambeka kwiqela elinamaqhawe amaninzi kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, emva kokuba imfazwe ityala inqaku "lobugebengu".

Ebuyela eBryansk, uPetros wadibana noLevu Stotik owayengumfundi waseKlasini, kwaye bahlukana. Kungekudala kwavela ukuba umngane wabantwana wayengumgqabi. Wathenga izicathulo kwiinkunzi ezinkulu waza wabuyiselwa eB Bryansk. Izenzo ezinjalo zazibhekwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye zihlawulwa ngokuvalelwa entolongweni. UPyotr Klypa wayeyithande ingozi yaye wayeziva ecaphukile, kuba akukho mntu wayemzungezile wayemjonga njengeqhawe, kwaye akukho nto yaziwa malunga nabadlali beCrest Fortress.

Waqala ukuhamba "kwiindiza" kunye noStetik waza wafumana inxalenye yeenzuzo. Emva kokuba uLyova elahlekelwe ngamakhadi, kwaye banquma ukubuyisela imali, behlasele umdluli-, owayephethe isikhwama esikhwele. ULyova wayesebenzisa izixhobo, wabulala umfokazi waza wathabatha zonke izinto zakhe ezixabisekileyo kuye. Ngomnyaka we-1949, abaphandi abaphanda olu lwaphulo-mthetho baya eKlyp baza bambamba njenge-bandit accomplice.

Sohlwaywa

Imithetho yexesha emva kwempi yayinzima. Ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba ekuphanga nokuxhoba, uPyotr Klypa wagwetywa iminyaka engama-25 kwiinkampu. Ihlazo laphula umfana oneminyaka engama-26 ubudala ngeqhawe lelokukhusela iBren Fortress. Kwiinkampu zaseMagadan, uPetros wazama ukwenza ukuzibulala. Ngeqabunga elitshitshisiweyo, xa amabanjwa eshiya indawo yokwakha, walala phantsi, enethemba lokufa. Nangona kunjalo, abathumeli bafumana ukungabikho kweewadi zabo, kwaye becinga ukuba uphumelele, baya kumkhangela. Kungekudala uPetros wafunyanwa waza wathatyathwa kwi-infirmary, apho wayebambe khona iminwe emininzi.

Incwadi nguSergei Smirnov

Mhlawumbi, uPetros wayenokuchitha ixesha lobomi bakhe ebanjweni, ukuba kwakungekho "iBrest Fortress". Incwadi kaSergei Smirnov yavula abantu base-USSR inyaniso malunga neziganeko ezenzeke kwiiyure zokuqala kunye neentsuku emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe. Ukususela kuyo, izigidi zabantu ziye zafunda ukuba uPetya Klypa ungumqhawe onguvulindlela owenze izinto ezininzi ezintle.

Xa i-"Brest Fortress" (incwadi) yenziwe, umlobi wayo weza eBryansk waza waqala ukukhangela umkhuseli omncinci we-citadel. Lapho wafunda ibali elibuhlungu likaPetros kwaye wenza konke ukufikelela ekunciphiseni isigwebo.

Kakhulu

Ngowe-1956, emva kokukhonza iminyaka engama-7 entolongweni, uPyotr Klypa wabuyela eBryansk waza wafumana umsebenzi kumveliso. Kungekudala watshata, wazala abantwana.

Siyabulela encwadini kaS S. Smirnov, waba ngumntu oqhayisa, kwaye wayevame ukumenywa kwiziganeko ezintle.

Nangona wayesetyenziswe kwangaphambili, uPetr Klypu wanikezwa iMyalelo weMfazwe yelizwe lokuLungisa iNdanga.

Iimvavanyo ezivaleleke ngexesha leminyaka yobuntwabuntwana, ekuthunjweni kwaseJamani nakwiinkampu zaseMagadan, azikwazi ukuchaphazela impilo yeqhawe, kwaye wafa eneminyaka eyi-57. Ngoko wagqiba ngobomi bakhe abaya kubahlali abaninzi base-USSR baziwa ngokuba yi-heroya ye-Petya Klyp.

"I-Fort Brest Fortress" (ifilimu)

UPeter Klypa waba ngumboniso wecandelo lefilimu elithi "iBrest Fortress", elandelwa nguAlexander Cott, yadutshulwa ngo-2010.

Ibali kwifilimu livela kumntu ka-Sasha Akimov, owathi, ngokwemibhalo, ungumfundi weqela le-musket yeGesi ye-Infantry ye-333. Indima yakhe idlalwe nguAlexei Kopashov, owayeneminyaka eyi-14 ubudala, kwaye wafunda iminyaka emibini eMoscow Cadet Corps yoMphathiswa wezeMicimbi yangaphakathi. Umsebenzi we-Attor of the teenager ufumene ezininzi iimpendulo zokubonga ezivela kubagxeki, nakubantu ababukeli. Unelungelo lokuba uthe watyunjwa ngokuba yi-"Nika". Emva kwefilimu, u-Alexei Kopashov washiya umsebenzi wezempi okanye ipolisa kwaye namhlanje ungumfundi weVGIK.

I-premiere yomzobo othi "I-Fort Brest Fortress" yenzeke kwiminyaka engama-69 emva kweemeko ezenziwa kwifilimu - ngoJuni 22, 2010 - eBrest, kwintsimi yeSikhumbuzo kwiSikhumbuzo saseTerespolsky. Emva kokugqitywa kweefoto zomfanekiso, izinto ezininzi zepropati, kuquka ixilongo yeconagonist, eneprotagram yayinguPeter Klypa, yahanjiswa kwi-museum yaseBrest Fortress.

Iqhawe elincinci uPetya Kotelnikov

Ngendlela, enye yeefilimu zokuqala zazibukelwa ngabasemagunyeni abasinda kuphela kwi-Fort Brest Fortress. UPyotr Kotelnikov wazalelwa ngowe-1929 kwaye, njengomhlobo wakhe nomngane wabantwana, wayengumfundi we-muzvzvod, kodwa enye, i-44 yesigqeba. Ngosuku lokuqala lokuzikhusela kwinqaba, le nkwenkwe yalimala entloko, kodwa yaqhubeka ikunceda abahlobo bakhe abadala. Ngokuhlwa ngaloo mini, wayekho emagumbini aseburhulumenteni ye-333, apho yayinguPetya Klypa, uVolodya Kazmin, uVolodya Izmaylov no-Kolya Novikov, nabo babefundi beengoma zomculo ze-Brest Fortress.

Kwintetho, uPotrick Kotelnikov watshele intatheli ukuba waqhekeka njani kwinqanaba elisekude, waqokelela iibhokhwe kwisikhwama kwi-mask yegesi kwaye wazisa abantu abasebenzisa umlilo. Ekunye kunye nabahlobo bakhe, wayehlala ehamba elunxwemeni lwe-Bug waza wazisa amanzi kubalimala nakancinane. Le yintsindiso yangempela. Inyaniso kukuba ekuphela komthombo abakhuseli abaye bakwazi ukuyibeka kwindawo engaphansi kweendawo zokungqinela, amanzi ahlanganiswe ne-petroli kwaye ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa.

Kwakuvela kuPeter Kotelnikov yafumana ingcaciso malunga nendlela abantwana-amaqhawe aseBrest babalekela ngayo kwinkampu yoxinaniso. Ngokutsho kwintsapho, babe nethamsanqa. Inyaniso kukuba ngosuku lweshumi lokuhlala kwabo ePoland baqhutyelwa eBrest. Xa amabanjwa ekhutshwa ngaphandle, abemi be sixeko bawazisa ukutya kunye nezambatho. Ngenye imini umlawuli weentolongo, owabona amakhwenkwe amantombazana eengubo zengqungquthela phakathi kwabasebenzi, wababuza ukuba bavalelwa njani entolongweni. Abantwana bathi zenzeke ngethuba xa bekhangela izihlobo phakathi kwamabanjwa kwaye bafuna ukuzinika isonka. Igosa alizange lifune ukucola kunye nabaselula kwaye layalela ukuba liphonswe ngaphandle kwesango. UPetya Kotelnikov ulindele ukufika kwemikhosi yaseSoviet, kwaye emva kokudlula inkonzo waba ligosa waza wanika i-Soviet Army iminyaka engama-30 yobomi bakhe.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba nguPeter Klypa. Imfa akuyona into yomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lezilingo ezinzulu ezawela kwiqela lamaSoviet kwisiqingatha sokuqala sama-1940, kwanamakhwenkwe namantombazana amancinci abonisa iimpawu ezinesibindi, ezenza ukuba uVukani olude ulindele.