Xa uqoqosho luba yinto ecacileyo, okanye indlela ehlelekile yokufunda imbali

Ihlabathi lasendulo, iMinyaka ephakathi, ixesha elitsha, ezona zihamba phambili zizo zonke izigaba zokuphuhliswa koluntu, ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwentlalo-qoqosho. Kwakusekelwe kwisiseko sokuba indlela yokufundela kwimbali yavela. Kuthetha ntoni, yiziphi iindidi ezithathwe kuwo, owaba ngumsunguli? Yiyo le micimbi ephakanyiswayo ukuba icingelwe.

Imfundo ye-Classical ibonisa imbali ngesimo seendlela ezithile zokuphuhliswa, uphawu oluphambili lwalowo uphuhliso lwabantu. Indlela enjalo yophando kwixesha elidlulileyo laphuhliswa kwaye liqinisekiswa nguKarl Marx. Watsho ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwendlela efana nendlela yokwenza imbali kwimbali yodwa echanekileyo yokuhlukanisa izigaba zophuhliso loluntu. Ngaba kunjalo?

Ukuqhubela phambili kwimisebenzi yakhe, indlela yokuqulunqa isifundo sokuphuhliswa koluntu kwiinkqubo zokuqala ukuya kwangoku, ngesiseko sokuguqulwa kohlobo lwezoqoqosho. Kule meko, utshintsho kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukodwa kwiindleko zezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi "revolutions", okokuthi. Utshintsho lweKhadidi ebomini yoluntu.

Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo yokuqala yoluntu yinkqubo yokuqala yoluhlu lweendlela ezahlula indlela yokwenza umsebenzi. Ubhekisela kwimbali yokuphuhliswa koluntu njenge-harbinger yempucuko. Ubungqina bemivubukulo bubonisa ukuba ngelo xesha uqoqosho lweproto-mali lusekelwe kwiintlobo ezintathu zemisebenzi: ukuloba, ukuqokelela nokuzingela. Izixhobo ezisisiseko zabasebenzi zazingenangqondo ukuba ngosizo lwabo kwakungenakwenzeka ukuphuhlisa ezinye iintlobo zomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukufuduka rhoqo kwangeke kuhlangane neemfuno ezikhulayo zokuphuhlisa uluntu. Kwakukho imfuneko yamatsha amatsha, eyaba ngamakhoboka. Ukubonakala kwazo kwakuyiinguqu ezikhawulezayo eziqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho olumiselweyo olutsha-inkqubo yekhoboka.

Ukongezelela ekuveleni kolutsha uhlobo oluntu, ngexesha elifanayo, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamazwe abizwe ngokuthi "ikhoboka-elilodwa" liqala kwakhona.

Inguqu elandelayo yafika ngexesha apho ukusebenza kwekhoboka kwakusenyame kakhulu kangangokuthi kwakudingeka ukukhangela indlela entsha yokusebenza koqoqosho. Baba ubudlelwane bokuqeshisa umhlaba, ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kumazwe aseYurophu, eAsia naseRashiya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba aba bangekhe bahlala kwiimeko zokuqala koqoqosho oluqwalaselwe ngasentla. Ngaloo ndlela, isigaba esitsha ekuphuhliseni uluntu kunye nombuso, i-feudalism, yavela, echazwe njengenye yeendlela zokwenza izinto ezisisiseko. Oku kwenzeke ngenxa yezinto ezibini: ukuxininisa kweendawo ezininzi zomhlaba ezandleni zenye uhlobo kunye nokunyanzelwa kweemimandla kuluntu lonke uluntu.

Isinyathelo sesine saba ngumbutho wobungxowankulu. Indlela yokwenza izifundo ekufundeni imbali ithi ukuvela kwale ndlela yokuhlanganiswa kwabakho kuphela ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nezobugcisa, okuqinisekisile ukuphuhliswa kwemveliso, kwaye kamva shishino. Ngelo xesha, umbhali wayejonga ukuba inxalenye ekhethekileyo yoluntu-ntlangano yayibizwa ngokuthi "ukuthengiswa kwezabasebenzi" kubaxhasi bezakhono.

Umphezulu wokuphuhliswa kwembali, ngokwemigaqo ephantsi kwengqwalasela, yayiza kuba yinto ebizwa ngokuthi "umphakathi wobukhomanisi", apho wonke umntu usebenza khona, kwaye iziphumo zabasebenzi ziyahlula phakathi kwamalungu onke.

Inkcazo emfutshane yendlela ephantsi kokufundwa ngokucacileyo ibonisa ukuba kugxininiswa kuphela ekukhuthazeni uqoqosho njengento ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Kodwa indlela yokwenza uphando ekufundeni imbali ayiqwalasela ezinye iimeko, eziye zaba negalelo elikhulu kuluntu lwabantu. Kwaye ngokuphambene nayo, indlela yokuphucula imiphakathi yaphuhliswa , ingqalelo nakwiinkonzo zonqulo, iindawo zengqondo kunye neenkcubeko.

Kule nto, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba, nangona ubuqili bobubungqina obusungulwe ngumlobi, indlela ehlelekile yokufunda imbali yecala elilodwa, kunye nokufunda kwangaphambili, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela zonke izinto zokuphuhlisa uluntu.