Umbhali Helena Blavatsky - owaseka Theosophical Society. Umbhalo, ubuchule

Umbhali Helena Blavatsky wazalwa ngoJulayi 31, 1831 kwisixeko Ekaterinoslav (ngoku Dnepropetrovsk). Waye kumlibo unguwo. ookhokho bayo kuyaziwa oonozakuzaku kunye namagosa. Umzala Helena - Sergey Yulevich Vitte - waba nguMphathiswa wezeMali yoBukhosi Russian ukususela 1892 ukuya 1903.

Intsapho Childhood

Xa ukuzalwa Helena Blavatsky waba igama isiJamani Gan, yaye ilifa kuyise. Ngenxa yokuba waye emkhosini, intsapho kwafuneka ukuba rhoqo kwilizwe (Saint-Petersburg, Saratov, Odessa, njalo njalo. D.). Ngowe-1848, yena useleganelwe Nikifor Blavatsky - irhuluneli yephondo Erivan. Noko ke, umtshato zange ihlale ixesha elide. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba betshatile Helena Blavatsky wabaleka indoda yakhe, waza ke waya ezula ejikeleza ehlabathini. Into yokuqala kuhambo wakhe waba eConstantinople (Istanbul).

Helena Blavatsky malunga eRashiya iminyaka ebuntwaneni bakhe kwilizwe bakhe ufudumale. Usapho wayilungiselela into kufuneka ukubonelela ngemfundo esemgangathweni.

Ukuhamba ebutsheni bakhe

Kwikomkhulu Turkish, le ntombazana useleganelwe yi yinto yokuba umkhweli isekisi. Xa ngengozi yena waphula ingalo yakhe, Elena wagqiba ekubeni afudukele eLondon. Imali yena kwafuneka: yena ngokwakhe bayisebenzele kwaye wafumana amazwe wathumela nguyise wakhe Petrom Alekseevichem Ganom.

Ekubeni Helena Blavatsky akayigcina idayari, Ithamsanqa lakhe esweni ekuhambeni ngendlela ngokucacileyo. Uninzi biographers zakhe bengavumelani, apho ke ubavelele, kwaye zeziphi iindlela amarhe kuphela.

Amaninzi, abaphandi ukukhankanya ukuba ekupheleni 40 umbhali waya eYiputa. Isizathu soku yokutshintsha kwaqala alchemy kunye Freemasonry. amalungu abaninzi kwamagumbi okulinda aba kumathala eencwadi zawo, iincwadi, ukufunda ezifunekayo, eziquka umthamo umYiputa "Book of Abafileyo," "iKhowudi waseNazarete", "Ubulumko bukaSolomon", njl Kuba neengcibi zeendonga, kwakukho ababini iziko eziphambili ngokomoya - .. kweYiputa India. Oku nala mazwe ezinxulumene ephanda ezininzi Blavatsky, kuquka "Isis nje obubhenqwe isigqubuthelo." Noko ke, wayeza ubhale incwadi ekwaluphaleni kwakhe. Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, intombazana wazuza amava kunye nolwazi practical ngqo kwi imeko zezentlalo neenkcubeko zehlabathi ezahlukeneyo.

Ukufika e Cairo, Elena waya Sahara entlango ukufunda impucuko yamandulo zaseYiputa. Aba bantu bengenanto yakwenza Arabhu, yena walawula iinkulungwane eziliqela kwiindonga zeNayile. Ulwazi amaYiputa amandulo zaye zasasazwa kwi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifundo - ukusuka zemathematika amayeza. Baba indaba yokufunda ngenyameko Helena Blavatsky.

Emva kokuba iYiputa Europe. Apha yena enikelwe zobugcisa. Ingakumbi yena, wathabatha izifundo ipiyano ukusuka virtuoso odumileyo Bohemian Ignatsa Moshelesa. Ngenxa yamava, waze wanika Ikonsathi karhulumente ngoonobumba zaseYurophu.

Ngowe-1851, Helena Blavatsky pobyla eLondon. Apho waba nako ukuhlangabezana okokuqala kunye Indian wokwenene. Baba Mahatma Morya. Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku andafumana ubungqina bokuba lo mntu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba umntu osembonweni Blavatsky, benza izithethe ezahlukeneyo esoteric kunye theosophical.

Phofu ke, i-Mahatma Morya yaba yashukumisa uHelen. Kule minyaka ingama-50 waye e-Tibet, apho wayefunda imilingo yasekuhlaleni. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo babaphandi, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky apho kangangeminyaka esixhenxe, uye naye ukuba aye kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, kuquka eUnited States.

Ukwenziwa iimfundiso Theosophical

Kwaba kule minyaka wabumba nemfundiso abazibiza yaye wakhuthaza kwiincwadi zakhe Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. Yaba uhlobo bokuhlala theosophy. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umphefumlo womntu onamathele kunye isithixo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwihlabathi kukho ulwazi oluthile ngaphaya isayensi ifumaneka kuphela ukuya ziingcungcu kwaye uqeqeshwe. Yaba uhlobo balubiza - umnqamlezo phakathi kweenkcubeko ezininzi kunye neentsomi zeentlanga ezahlukeneyo ekufundiseni. Oku akumangalisi, kuba Blavatsky wendele ulwazi kumazwe amaninzi apho ubavelele ebutsheni bakhe.

Enefuthe elimandla uHelen waba intanda-Indiya, nto leyo iye yaguquka bodwa kumawaka eminyaka. Blavatsky, Theosophy zihlanganisiwe ubuBhuda kunye Brahmanism, ethandwayo phakathi kwezizwe of India. Xa efundisa yakhe uHelen ukusebenzisa igama elithi "karma" yaye "ukuvela ngokutsha". Theosophy imfundiso baphenjelelwe ngabantu abaziwayo ezinjengezo Mahatma Gandhi, uNikolay Rerih kunye Wassily Kandinsky.

Tibet

Kwi 50 Russia ngamathuba athile (ngoko ukuba ukuthetha abafikayo) watyelela Helena Blavatsky. Biography umfazi Wamangaliswa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Waye wachitha sasigcwele nemimoya, nto leyo zaye zasasazeka kakhulu eSt Petersburg. Xa 60s yokuqala watyelela neCaucasus, kuMbindi Mpuma kunye Greece. Emva koko bazama ixesha lokuqala ukulungiselela uluntu abalandeli kunye nabo. E Cairo, wazibekela ukusebenza. Ngoko kwakukho "Umvumisi Society". Noko ke, akuzange kube kudala, kodwa enye amava nomvuzo.

Oku kwalandela olunye uhambo olude ukuya Tibet - ngoko Blavatsky batyelela iintaba Laos kunye Karakoram. Lakwazi ukutyelela cloister, apho kungekho mntu uphumile phambi kokuba nayiphi na baseYurophu. Kodwa lowo kulala Helena Blavatsky.

umfazi iincwadi yayineembekiselo ezininzi Tibetan inkcubeko kunye nobomi kwiitempile zamaBhuda. Kwaba khona ukuba izinto ezixabisekileyo zifunyenwe, leyo zaye zabandakanywa magazini "Ilizwi cwaka."

Nolwazi Genri Olkottom

Kwiminyaka 70 Helena Blavatsky, intanda yakhe kwaduma, baqala imisebenzi umshumayeli kunye nomfundisi ngokomoya. Emva koko wafudukela eUnited States, apho wafumana nobumi yakhe inkqubo obumi zenzeka. Woba ke yinto yokuba umntu ally enkulu Genri Stil Olcott.

Yaba igqwetha, wamkela isikhundla sikhulu ngexesha American Civil War. Wamiselwa umkomishinala yoMphathiswa War ukuphanda urhwaphilizo ngamaqela nikeza emthethweni. Emva kwemfazwe, waba igqwetha yimpumelelo kwaye ulilungu le-New York Collegium, inegunya. Wayejolise iquka iirhafu, imirhumo kunye inshorensi nempahla.

Ukwazisa Olcott nemimoya kwenzeka emva ngo-1844. Kamva, wadibana Helena Blavatsky, apho waya ukuhamba ihlabathi, ufundise zona. Kwakhona kwamnceda ukuba ukuqala bebhalela xa wamkelwa-ngqangi "Isis nje obubhenqwe isigqubuthelo."

umphakathi Theosophical

November 17, 1875 Helena Blavatsky kunye Genri Olkott waseka Theosophical Society. Eyona njongo yayo yaba nomnqweno yokuhlanganisa abantu abanazo ehlabathini lonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi uhlanga, isini, nangokodidi ekuhlaleni kunye nokholo. Ukuze lo msebenzi kwi isifundo luthelekiso zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo, iinkolo kunye nezikolo bulumko ukuba kuhlelwe. Konke oku kwenziwa ukuze ukwazi ezingaziwayo uluntu imithetho yendalo kunye nendalo. Zonke ezi njongo zaye equlethwe kule Tshatha le Theosophical Society.

Ukongeza wabaseki, kwathabatha ixesha elininzi abantu abaziwayo. Ngokomzekelo, uThomas Edison - .. anamaShishini kunye umsunguli, Uilyam Kruks (Mongameli Royal Society, ekhemesti), ngeenkwenkwezi French Camille Flammarion, nabakhwitsi kunye occultist maks Gendel, njalo-njalo Theosophical Society ibe liqonga mpikiswano ngokwasengqondweni ingxabano.

Qala ukubhala umsebenzi

Ekusasazeni iimfundiso yombutho, Blavatsky kunye Olcott ngo-1879 baya ku-Indiya. Ngeli xesha umsebenzi boncwadi Elena nenala. Okokuqala, lo mfazi, ishicilela iincwadi ezintsha rhoqo. Okwesibini, ondiqinisileyo buqu ngumbhali enzulu umdla. italente yakhe kwaqondwa eRashiya, apho Blavatsky yashicilelwa "iGazethi eMoscow" yaye "Russian Journal". Ngelo xesha, waba ngumhleli lowu kwakhe "Theosophist". Kuyo, umzekelo, okokuqala ukuvela kwi IsiNgesi translation yentloko ulwimi inoveli Dostoevsky kaThixo "Abazalwana Karamazov." Yaba umzekeliso i-Grand ngumncini - ndibe ngundoqo Incwadi yokugqibela umbhali enkulu Russian.

Iindawo ezinika umdla Blavatsky yenza isiseko memoirs bakhe kunye namanqakwana zokuhamba, eyapapashwa iincwadi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, imveliso "izizwe zobuqili Blue Mountain" yaye "ehlathini emqolombeni oweeneem Indiya." Ngowe-1880, Buddhism uba into entsha yesifundo, leyo lwenziwa Helena Blavatsky. Reviews ngomsebenzi wakhe kumaphephandaba ezahlukeneyo kunye neengqokelela. Ukuze ufunde Buddhism kangangoko kunokwenzeka, Blavatsky kunye Olcott waya eCeylon.

"Isis kuvulwa"

"Isis sityhile" yaba incwadi yokuqala enkulu, epapashwe yi Helena Blavatsky. weza yena imiqulu emibini 1877 kwaye ichibi elikhulu ngolwazi nokuqiqa kwi bulumko esoteric.

Umbhali wazama ukuba bathelekise izazinzulu ezininzi zamandulo, kwiZigaba Aphakathi kunye Renaissance. Okubhaliweyo eziqulathwe inani elikhulu njengamakhonkco umsebenzi Pythagoras, uPlato, UGIORDANO Bruno, Paracelsus kunye t. D.

Ukongeza, i "Isis 'ingqalelo iimfundiso zonqulo: ubuHindu, kubuBhuda, ubuKristu, wabhala. Ekuqaleni wamitha siyijonga encwadini izikolo zaseMpuma-bulumko. Umsebenzi waqala phezu olwandulela kwisiseko Theosophical Society. Umbutho yale sakhiwo kwalibaziseka imveliso release. Kuphela kanye eNew York, kwenziwa isaziso ngokusekwa intshukumo, waqalisa umsebenzi eninzi iincwadi. Blavatsky ngokubonakalayo wanceda Genri Olkott, lowo ngelo xesha waba ally yayo engundoqo kanye umhleli.

Njengoko recollected ngokwakhe igqwetha owayesakuba, zange ngaphambili Blavatsky akazange ukusebenza nenzondelelo ezifana nokunyamezela. Eneneni, uye ishwankathelwe emsebenzini wakhe yonke amava multi-amaninzi sizuzile kule minyaka emininzi uhambela kwiimbombo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

Le ncwadi ekuqaleni kwakuthiwa "isitshixo emasangweni twisiseka", njengoko umbhali wathi kwileta eya Aleksandru Aksakovu. Kamva kwagqitywa ekubeni kwisihloko umqulu wokuqala njengoko 'isigqubuthelo Isis. " Noko ke, umvakalisi waseBritani, owayesebenza kuhlelo lokuqala, ndafumanisa ukuba igama le ncwadi ngoku (ukuba lixhaphakile eli gama theosophical). Ngoko ke, inguqulelo yokugqibela "Isis uyayihlaza" savunywayo. Oku kwabonisa lalibonakala umdla Blavatsky kwinkcubeko waseYiputa yamandulo.

Le ncwadi ezininzi iimbono neenjongo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, abafundi Blavatsky eyahlukileyo zavela kwabo. Hi xikombiso, le ncwadi lokuqala United Kingdom eziqulethwe kukho intshayelelo yi yomshicileli. Kuyo, yena uxelela umfundi ukuba le ncwadi iqulethe inani elikhulu kakhulu imithombo theosophy nokukhafula, ebe ikhona kuphela kwiincwadi ngaphambili. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba umfundi akwazi ukusondela ukuba baphendule umbuzo ubukho ulwazi oluyimfihlo ababekhonza njengomthombo zonke iinkolo kunye namahlelo izizwe zehlabathi.

Aleksandr Senkevich (enye abaphandi abaninzi ehloniphekileyo Blavatsky ibhibliyografi) e yaso yaqulunqa umyalezo engundoqo "Isis kutyhilwa." Kwincwadi yakhe biography yombhali, wachaza ukuba le ncwadi umzekelo ukugxekwa yombutho ibandla, ukuqokelelwa beengcamango ulwazi ngezenzeko izangoma zize ngokunjalo izinto ezifihlakeleyo endalo. "Isis," uphonononga iimfihlelo iimfundiso Kabbalistic, iingcamango esoteric obuBhuda, kwakunye reflection wabo ubuKristu kunye nezinye iinkonzo zehlabathi. Sienkiewicz yaphawula ukuba Blavatsky wakwazi ukuba ubungqina bobukho kwezinto nomoya.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe eziyimfihlo. It nabakhi, bamaKatolika. ulwazi yawo emhlabeni otyebileyo, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa Helena Blavatsky. Quotes ezivela "Isis" Kamva baba kakhulu kuvela kwimibhalo ubugqi theosophical yabalandeli bakhe.

Ukuba uhlelo lokuqala swi isifundo isayensi, owesibini, phezu koko, imibuzo abacinga zenkolo. Kwintshayelelo, umbhali echaza ukuba ungquzulwano kwizikolo ezibini ngundoqo ukwaziwa umyalelo yehlabathi.

Blavatsky ugxeke ithisisi ukuba umntu kungekhona yokomoya ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Umbhali bazama ukufumana kuye ngoncedo iimfundiso zenkolo kunye ngokomoya ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye izazi Blavatsky kuqatshelwe ukuba encwadini yakhe, oko kunika umfundi ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba ngomlingo.

Eyesibini ngezakwaLizwi icakaca ezahlukeneyo imibutho yenkolo (ezifana Christian Church) kwaye undigxeka ngenxa isimo sabo oluyintshembenxa imfundiso yabo. Ngamanye amazwi, HP Blavatsky wathi abalandeli abathembekanga imvelaphi yayo (iBhayibhile, i-Koran, njalo njalo. D.).

Umbhali ngokutsha iimfundiso odumileyo oyinqaba aphikisana yeenkolo zehlabathi. Ukuphonononga ezi zikolo zokucinga, wazama ukufumana ingcambu eqhelekileyo. Uninzi iziphakamiso zayo yinzululwazi kwaye anti-zonqulo. Kuba oku "Isis" oko yagxekwa ngenxa ezahlukeneyo zokufunda. Kodwa oku wayeka ukuba uthenge zithanda enye inxalenye abaphulaphuli. Impumelelo "Isis uyayihlaza" eye wavumela ukuba ukwandisa Blavatsky i Theosophical Society, ethe wafumana amalungu kuzo zonke iimbombo zehlabathi, ukususela eMelika ukuya eIndiya.

"Voice of the cwaka"

Ngowe-1889 wapapasha incwadi "Voice of the cwaka", exhaswa yi ukuba Helena efanayo Blavatsky. Biography of lo mfazi yokuba kwaba iinzame ngempumelelo ukuze zimanyane phantsi kophahla olunye uphando ezininzi theosophical. Eyona Umthombo iphefumlelwe ukuba "Ilizwi Cwaka" yaba kokuhlala Umbhali Tibet, apho leva kunye neemfundiso AmaBhuda nobomi ekwanti le nezigodlo basekuhlaleni.

Ngeli xesha, Blavatsky akazange ukuthelekisa okanye avavanye izikolo ezininzi iingcamango. Wazibekela inkcazelo textured iimfundiso zamaBhuda. Iqulethe uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha amagama afana "Krishna" okanye "ePhakamileyo Self." Uninzi ncwadi sele ngokusisigxina kulo indlela dha. Noko ke, akuzange kube KUNYEnokutyhilwa yobu le nkolo. It wayekho ukuya Blavatsky component ukusoloko eyimfihlakalo.

Lo msebenzi sele uthandwa ingakumbi ne amaBhuda. Wakrota iintlelo ezininzi e-Indiya kunye Tibet, apho abaphandi abaninzi kwaba ukufunda efunekayo. Kuye kakhulu bamdumisa UDalai Lama. Owokugqibela (ngasendleleni, ngoku siphila) ngokwakhe wabhala intshayelelo ukuba "Ilizwi Cwaka" kwi isikhumbuzo wamakhulu uhlelo lokuqala. Oku sisiseko kakhulu abo bafuna ukwazi nokuqonda UbuBhuda, kuquka isikolo Zen.

Le ncwadi kwakunikelwa umbhali Lvu Tolstomu, owathi kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela wafunda ngokunzima ezahlukahlukeneyo iicawa. Sipho Umzekelo kwaye ngoku zigcinwe Yasnaya Polyana. Umbhali wasayina inshorensi, ebiza Tolstoy "omnye abambalwa ngubani na ukuqonda kunye nokuqonda oko kubhalwe apho."

Bala ngokwakhe wathetha kakuhle malunga isipho kwiimpapasho zabo, apho wayehlanganisa zicatshulwa kwisilumko waphenjelelwa iincwadi zakhe ( "zemihla ngemihla", "iingcamango izilumko", "isangqa ukufunda"). Kwakhona umbhali kwenye yeencwadi zakhe buqu wathi "Voice of the cwaka" iqulethe eninzi ukukhanya, kodwa ichukumisa kwimiba ukuba abantu bayazi ukuba. Kwakhona ukuba uTolstoy ndifunda le magazini "Theosophist" Blavatsky, ngubani kakhulu kunene kakhulu, njengoko kutshiwo kwidayari yakhe.

"Imfihlo Imfundiso"

"Imfihlo Imfundiso" ithathwa umsebenzi yokugqibela Blavatsky, apho yena wachaza konke ulwazi lwakhe nokuqiqa. Ngexesha ubomi umbhali nemiqulu ezimbini zokuqala zaye zapapashwa. Le ncwadi yesithathu yapapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1897.

Eyokuqala kukuhlalutya uze uthelekise izimvo ezahlukileyo ngemvelaphi iphela. Owesibini kwemvelo yabantu. It yaphakamisa imiba ngokobuhlanga, kwaye bahlole indlela yophuhliso ngabantu eziphilayo.

Umqulu wokugqibela yaba ingqokelela iibhayografi kunye neemfundiso ezithile occultists. nempembelelo enkulu kwi "Imfihlelo kwiMfundiso" waba izitanza - iivesi kwiNcwadi Dzyan, adla ezicatshulwe kweli amaphepha umsebenzi. Omnye umthombo incwadi yangaphambili-invoyisi, "Le Undoqo Theosophy."

incwadi entsha iimpawu abalaseleyo lwimi. Umbhali wasebenzisa isixa esikhulu zabalinganiswa kunye nemifanekiso eyenziwe yi ezahlukeneyo iinkolo iingcamango.

"Imfihlo Imfundiso" yaba nokuqhubeka "Isis nje obubhenqwe isigqubuthelo." Enyanisweni, ukuba sijonge nzulu imiba ebhalwe kwincwadi yokuqala zombhali. Kwaye umsebenzi uhlelo olutsha Mam Blavatsky Theosophical Society wamnceda.

Umsebenzi ekubhaleni lo msebenzi omkhulu yaba uvavanyo inzima, nto leyo kuphunyeziwe Helena Blavatsky. Iincwadi epapashwe ngaphambili, abaligwebi amandla kangaka, njengalo elinye. amangqina ezininzi kamva e yakhe, uphawula ukuba ababhali nabuganga frenzy ngokupheleleyo xa page umntu kunxibelelana amaxesha amabini.

A uncedo elikhulu kule ncwadi ka lo msebenzi kuye kwabonelelwa Archibaldom Keytli. Yena wayelilungu Theosophical Society ngo-1884, kwaye ngexesha loku kubhala, waba unobhala jikelele kwisebe lakhe UK. Le ndoda iye ngumdwelisi imfumba yakhe kweemakhishithi babengabafo ngeemitha. Ngokomthetho uhlengahlengiso iziphumlisi abachaphazelekayo kwaye ezinye iingongoma ezibalulekileyo edishini elizayo. version yayo yokugqibela yanikezelwa umbhali ngo 1890.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba "Imfihlelo kwiMfundiso" ngehlombe kwakhona funda-umqambi Russian omkhulu uAleksandr Skryabin. Ngenye imini weza iingcamango close theosophical of Blavatsky. Le ndoda siwagcine incwadi phezu kwedesika yakhe esidlangalaleni iyayithanda ulwazi zombhali.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Imisebenzi Blavatsky e-Indiya ibe yimpumelelo. Kwakukho isebe wavula le Theosophical Society, nto leyo eqhelekileyo nabantu basekuhlaleni. Kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela, Elena wahlala eYurophu yaye wayeka abahambahambayo ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene. Endaweni yoko, waqalisa ukubhala ngenkuthalo. Kungelo xesha kushiya ezininzi iincwadi zakhe. Blavatsky wafa May 8, 1891 e-London, emva ububi influenza kakhulu.