Usuku International of the Deaf

Rhoqo ngonyaka ngeCawa wokugqibela enyangeni yokuqala yasekwindla ibhiyozelwa ehlabathini eholideyini - Day of the Deaf, luphunyeziwe 1951 ngokunxulumene nokusekwa International Association of abangevayo-kufihla. Ngoku ibhiyozelwa Septemba 27-29 ngonyaka.

Ngokutsho manani, wonke umntu yesithoba on Earth kunzima ukuva. Izinto ezibangela le sifo zahluke kakhulu: iziphumo zesi sifo, iingozi, malformations bekhubazekile. Ehlabathini lonke, kukho malunga nezigidi ezingama-30 abangevayo, esisidenge, naseRashiya oluhlasela i-40%, 5% yabo - abantwana abangakhange uwagqibile amashumi uninzi. Inani elikhulu labantu edityaniswa ngengxaki, ukuphumeza ingcamango ukuchaza uSuku lwaMazwe of the Deaf.

Imbali abangevayo ngamazwe lisukela emva ngenkulungwane ye-18 e-France.

Iindlela zokufundisa uCharles Michel Charles-Michel De L'épée

Xa ingcambu yoMbutho Deaf ikwangumbutho izidanga ze-Paris Institute for abazizithulu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18. Kanye izikolo ezininzi, esi sikolo senziwe umbingeleli, ezizezi Abbe Charles Michel Charles-Michel De L'épée. Wadala nje kuphela kwisikolo yokuqala ehlabathini ezikhethekileyo zabantu abazizithulu, kodwa kuyinto umsunguli kuthandazwa. pedagogy, ngokusekelwe imisebenzi zobulumko yaseYurophu Diderot kunye J. Comenius.

Theory kwakuquka ukusetyenziswa kwentetho ezahlukeneyo uthetha: ngomlomo (ukubhala nokuthetha) nangezenzo (ulwimi lwezandla) iindlela. Le yokugqibela yaba main omnye. Ngoko ke kwaphuhliswa iindlela bakope zokufundisa, nto leyo kamva yaba yindlela yonxibelelwano izithulu-kufihla.

Zabo izigqibo uCharles Charles-Michel De L'épée ecaciswe kwimibhalo "Imfundo abangevayo ngokusebenzisa oonobumba ubuchule" yaye "Indlela lokwenyaniso lokufundisa abazizithulu osisidenge, kuqinisekiswa ngamava."

Day Deaf e France

King of France ngemisebenzi umbingeleli sele sivunyiwe kwaye inkxaso-mali enikwa isikolo, nto leyo kwazeka kuyo Europe ngokubanzi. Kodwa uncedo wayengekho ngokwaneleyo, kwaye umphathi kwafuneka achithe yonke ingeniso yazo ukuze kugcinwe iziko, nto leyo ekugqibeleni zonakale kuye.

Ukususela ekuqalekeni izidanga 19 kwinkulungwane ye-Institute of abangevayo eParis lubhiyozelwa minyaka le lokuzalwa uCharles-Michel Charles-Michel De L'épée yokubhiyozela wakhe waba isiko. Kananjalo uhlobo ngomhla the Deaf eFransi.

Kamva, eFransi, kwakukho ezinye amaziko ezintathu ezikhethekileyo yabantu abengevayo - Bordeaux, Metz, Chambery, kwaye eParis apho unanamhla. ukukhululwa abazizithulu eFransi ehlelo eyahlukileyo, kubo lulwalamano ezikhethekileyo - abubomi obuqhelekileyo obuqhelekileyo.

uphawu Language

2.5 amawaka iilwimi ezikhoyo ehlabathini. Kodwa ulwimi ngokuqwayinga nezijekulo - enye iintlobo ezininzi umdla zokunxibelelana. World Federation of the Deaf kwinkqubo kunyaka-50 komzimba iye yaphuhliswa - zhestuno. Imfuneko yokuba olu lwimi yaphuhliswa iziganeko inkonzo ezifana ngeenkongolo, iisimpoziya, iinkomfa, ukhuphiswano.

Ngo-magama yokuqala, yapapashwa ngowe-1965, oko nokubakho ezingamakhulu amathathu nezijekulo, yaye uhlelo ka-1975 - 1500.

Zhestuno ibingelilo ulwimi ifanelekileyo yaye inani lokusilela:

• kwakungekho imithetho yegrama;
• izijekulo, kwakunzima ukusebenzisa kwimeko;
• ukubeka isiseko kweelwimi-4 kuphela - yaseBritani, Italian, American kunye Russian.

Kamva, yaba kuyimfuneko ukuvela ulwimi, nako ukusebenza ngeenxa zonke ezi ngxaki. Kwaye kukho nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe gestural ukuba siye savela ngokwendalo, ngaphandle uphando ungenelelo ngumntu. Le nkqubo ukuba abangevayo ukunxibelelana esuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

Ukusela izithulu eRussia

Namhlanje ku Russia uSuku Deaf yeHlabathi nayo lubhiyozelwa, kodwa bambalwa siyazi ukuba isikolo yokuqala Russian yabantu abengevayo yasekwa ngo-1802 e-Alexander I. Xa na iziko lemfundo yokuqala ephakamileyo yabantu abengevayo ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo yaseYurophu yayisekelwe.

Kwinkulungwane yama-20 ekuqaleni eMoscow apho okokuqala nje kuphela eRashiya, kodwa eYurophu enkulisa abantwana abazizithulu wayekhona. Nangona kweendawo zokuqeqesha ukukhulisa abantwana pre-school yayimininzi elinye. ezizodwa zemfundo iye yaphuhliswa kule nkqubo kwaye yaphuhliswa kuphela ekuqaleni nenani-30. leminyaka yokugqibela. Ukususela 90 ephakathi. kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwakukho izikolo malunga 84 yabantu abengevayo (ezinenani labafundi ababhalisileyo elingaphantsi-11 500 zabantu), kwizikolo ezingama-76 ukulungiselela ingxoxo, kodwa ezibuthathaka (ubhaliso lwabantu-10 000 kuzo). Okwangoku, inani lamaziko emfundo ezizodwa, apho imfundiso ngootitshala abaqeqeshiweyo liye landa kakhulu. Kwaye ke uSuku lwaMazwe of the Deaf kula maziko emfundo yenye leeholide ezinkulu.

Ukuze abazali babantwana abanengxaki yokuva kwizixeko ezikhulu Russian (eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Yekaterinburg) banethuba amalungiselelo abantwana babo ukufunda kumaziko emfundo ezizodwa, neendawo ukuba batyelele data qho standardised yonke imihla. umntu osisithulu ukususela ekuzalweni phantsi kogcino nolawulo lwabo kukarhulumente wathabatha ngamaxesha Soviet. Wenza yakhiwe kakuhle inkqubo yemfundo: ekuqaleni enkulisa, saqhubeka kwisikolo esibhodisayo, ngoko kwisikolo esiphakamileyo kunye esikoleni sokufundela.

Deaf Children Learning System

Le nkqubo igcinwa namhlanje. Gardens bekwazi ukuthatha abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka 1.5. Kule mizi, apho kungekho ezikhethekileyo. nokwenzela abantwana abazizithulu wavula amaqela ezizodwa kumaziko zesiqhelo emfundo. Abantwana bafunda nje kuphela ukufunda izicatshulwa, kwaguqulwa ngokwezakhono zabo ukubhala, ukunxibelelana besebenzisa daktilnoy alfabhethi, kodwa ukusebenza ukulungisa imbono komntwana ehlabathini, uphuhliso yayo "I". Dlala nabo, zinokuququzelela izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuzonwabisa. Kuquka Day Deaf lubhiyozelwa rhoqo ngonyaka. Ngokuba abantwana, oku ngokwenene yiholide wokwenene.

Bonke-Russian Society of the Deaf (VOG)

Bonke-Russia yoluntu ngabantu ukungase-, wasekwa ngo-1926, ikhona unanamhla. Deaf zidityaniswe zibe komnye umzi omkhulu, kukho sele ngaphezulu kwama-90 000.

Njengenxalenye All-Russian Society of the zommandla Deaf 76 yaye malunga 900 ofisi zasekuhlaleni ukuba ukukhonza abantu abazizithulu abahlala kwintsimi ze-Russian Federation.

Le nkampani kuquka amaziko ngaphezulu kwe 340 lwamaxabiso yenkcubeko (zombini kwinqanaba lengingqi zemimandla kunye), eMoscow ufana nqwa kunye yezaNgotshe Theatre, amaziko kwisimo kunye nemibutho.

Eyona engundoqo wemisebenzi enkungwini

Ukukhusela amalungelo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu abangevayo - ezi imisebenzi ezingundoqo enkungwini. I-Company ngenkuthalo uyasebenzisana kunye nemibutho karhulumente amandla kwaye ngenxa yoko - uluhlu olutsha federal lwamanyathelo ukuvuselelwa, kwakunye nezixhobo kunye neenkonzo zinikwa abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuba izixhobo ezamahala ukuva, phones ezikhethekileyo mobile, oomatshini bokufeksa, alarm, TV, iinkonzo ngokutolika ulwimi lwezandla, njl .

Omnye wemisebenzi enkungwini - ukwazisa uluntu malunga nobomi babantu abakhubazekileyo, iingxaki zabo, yokusombulula ngayo. Asekelwe eluntwini Indlela kumbhiyozo kwilizwe lethu ngeziganeko ezifana USuku lwaBantu abaKhubazekileyo lwaMazwe Abangevayo - kukwayinxalenye komvuzo wabo.

imvume yowiso ulwimi lwezandla kwi Russian Federation

Hayi ngaphandle VOG esebenzayo kwi eRashiya inxaxheba ngolwimi lwezandla umthetho oluvunyiweyo ekupheleni kuka-2012, kunye notshintsho ezabiwayo kwi-Federal uMthetho 181 "Xa ukhuseleko lwentlalo invalids kwi Russian Federation", ucacisa ubume ulwimi umqondiso noshicilelo Russian, usenza njengolwimi lonxibelelwano xa kukho iingxaki ukuva kunye / okanye intetho. Ngokwalo mthetho kumalungiselelo karhulumente-of-ukuva yemfundo unyanzelekile ukuba anikezele ngeencwadi ezizodwa, iincwadi kunye nezinye iincwadi zokufundisa, kwakunye neenkonzo netoliki yentetho yezandla.

Ngelishwa, eneneni, umthetho lo ziqalisiwe nekhulu ekhulwini. Okwangoku kukho kuphela batshintsha isimo sabo kulwimi umqondiso, kodwa abaguquleli, yaye ootitshala abaqeqeshiweyo akwanelanga. Siyathemba ukuba kungekudala le meko izakutshintsha. Kakade ke, wonk 'uyaqonda ukuba kuya kuthatha imini ngaphezu kwesinye. usiva abantu abazizithulu, kungekudala! Akumangalisi a abangevayo-sisidenge kwimbali impucuko ezilawulwa yi namanye amalungu sensory yokudlulisela iingcamango zabo neemvakalelo. Abaninzi kubo abathile ezibalaseleyo kunye abanetalente.