Izinyithi Amphoteric neempawu zazo

izinyithi Amphoteric - kukho izinto ezilula apho isakhiwo, iikhemikhali kunye neempawu zomzimba ezifana nezo kwiqela element sisinyithi. Ngokwazo, ezi iintsimbi ayinakuba iipropati amphoteric, ngokuchaseneyo iikhompawundi zabo. Umzekelo, oxides kunye hydroxides zesinyithi ezithile nakuhlobo lwemichiza enabazali - kwiimeko ezithile benza njengoko asidi kwaye iipropati nezinye alkalis.

izinyithi Basic amphoteric - i-aluminiyam, zinc, chromium, nesinyithi. Eli qela lweziqalelo ziquka beryllium kunye kwiteksti.

Yintoni amphoteric?

Okokuqala ngqa, lo mhlaba ivunjululwe ixesha elide eyadlulayo. Kwaye igama elithi 'iziqalelo amphoteric "yaqaliswa ngo-1814 kwinzululwazi ngu ekhemisi eyaziwa kakuhle thenar kunye L. J. Gay-Lussac. Ngaloo mihla, Imichiza osetyenziswayo kwahlulwa ngokwamaqela wadibana iimpawu zabo ezisisiseko ngexesha basabela.

Noko ke, iqela oxides kunye neziseko ilifa namandla ezimbini. Phantsi kwezinye iimeko, izinto ezifana benza njengoko kwealkali enye, phezu koko, asebenze asidi. Ukuba igama elithi "amphoteric" kwaye kwavela njalo. Kuba ezi khemikhali yokuziphatha ngethuba acid-base reaction kuxhomekeke imiqathango ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ubume reactants inxaxheba kwakunye neempawu sijike.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa vivo iintsimbi amphoteric angasebenzisana zozibini kwealkali asidi. Umzekelo, ngethuba basabela-aluminiyam sulfate acid wavelisa aluminium sulfate. Kwaye indlela efanayo kunye nentsimbi kwealkali yetyuwa entsonkothileyo strong yenziwe.

iziseko Amphoteric kunye neempawu zazo ezisisiseko

Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, le eziqinileyo. Bona nesele musa ukuluhlakaza emanzini kwaye zithathwa electrolytes kunokuba buthathaka.

Indlela esisiseko ukuze bafumane iziseko - a ityuwa metal ukusabela kunye imali encinane kwealkali. Umbilo reaction kufuneka wenziwe kancinci ngenyameko. Umzekelo, ekulungiseleleni zinc hayidroksayidi kwityhubhu zovavanyo kunye zinc chloride wongezelela ngononophelo dropwise sodium hayidroksayidi. Ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka ukuba angcangcazelise kancinane isikhongozeli ukubona ezike metal emhlophe emazantsi izitya.

Isakudityaniswa nee-asidi kunye oxides acid izinto amphoteric kusabela njengesiseko. Umzekelo, indlela ye zinc hayidroksayidi kunye zehydrochloric acid amiliswe zinc chloride.

Kodwa ngexesha abasabela kunye neziseko iziseko amphoteric ziziphathe ngendlela asidi.

Kwakhona, xa ukufudumeza enamandla hydroxides amphoteric ukuba ibolile ukwenza esihambelanayo oxide amphoteric kunye namanzi.

Insimbi amphoteric ziqhelekileyo: inkcazelo emfutshane

Izinki libhekisela kwiqela lweziqalelo amphoteric. Nangona aluminiyamu yale elayibrari lwandisiwe ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa impucuko yamandulo, ekwimo yayo enyulu oko kubonwa kuphela ngo-1746.

I-metal olusulungekileyo ngokwaneleyo izinto krobo umbala oluhlaza. Xa umoya oxidized ngokukhawuleza zinc - dims ubuso bawo, ugqunywe obhityileyo umboniso oxide.

Kwindalo, izinc ikhona ikakhulu ngohlobo kwezimbiwa - zincite, smithsonite, Calamita. Izinto yaziwa kakhulu - le blende, nto leyo equka zinc emanzini. Le Iidipozithi inkulu yale izimbiwa zifumaneka eBolivia Australia.

Aluminium namhlanje ingqalelo intsimbi eyona ininzi kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. aluminiyamu zayo ziye zasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane, yaye ngowe-1825 iyeza eyedwa ngendlela ecocekileyo.

aluminium Pure i isilivere metal okulula. Yena lula ngomshini eziwisela. Le element iye conductivity eliphezulu zombane kunye thermal. Ngaphezu koko, olu iyamelana umhlwa. Inyaniso yokuba kumphezulu wayo wambu oxide umboniso obhityileyo kodwa exhathisayo kakhulu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-aluminiyamu lisetyenziswa kolu shishino.