Virgil umbongo "Aeneid": Isishwankathelo ngu isahluko

umbongo Legendary "Aeneid" ifakwe kwikharityhulam yesikolo akulolize. Yena ngayo imifanekiso, izinto wentsomi kunye neziganeko zembali ukuba kuthiwe intyilalwazi yokwenene yehlabathi lamandulo zizityebi. Ukongeza, yimbongi yaseRoma Virgil kumbongo wakhe "Aeneid" andikwenzanga malunga neyokudinga kunye amadabi kuphela. Inxalenye umsebenzi enikelwe uthando lokwenene zonke-zidla akayi kubashiya abafundi diki.

Malunga imbongi

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela kwisixeko Sousse (Italy mihla), waba ngempazamo bafumana udonga kaMoses, apho sinako ukubona umfanekiso Virgil. Imbongi baboniswa apho ambethe umwunduzo omhlophe, yaye ecaleni kwayo kwanga Ndithelekelele yembali kunye intlekele. ubuso Virgil xa kuthiwa elula nje emva uchaze nabagxeki bakhe loncwadi kunye ngembali - "umlimi", kodwa eqaqambileyo kakhulu yaye izinto ezinqwenelwa.

Igama elipheleleyo imbongi enkulu - kaPubliyo Vergilius Maro. Wazalwa ngowama-70 BC. e. kwilali encinane kummandla Mantua kwintsapho Umnini-mhlaba lowo. Singqongwe ngokwemvelo Italy kunye nabalimi iyasebenza, wakhula enothando nokuhlonipha umsebenzi ndoda eqhelekileyo. Education, imbongi elizayo ezifunyenweyo Milan neRoma. Kamva, kwaba malunga eRoma iza kudala umbongo brilliant, Virgil ( "Aeneid", isishwankathelo enokufumaneka kweli nqaku).

Emva kokufa ngaphambi kayise imbongi wabuyela Manor lokuzalwa kwakhe ukuthabatha indawo yenkosi yakhe. Ngenxa yoluntu iimfazwe nandawo baya kukhethwa, kunye Virgil - abathinjiweyo ukusuka ekhayeni lakhe.

Ngowe-30 BC. e. kupapashwa ingqokelela "Bukoliki", oko kukuthi nomdla Jilin siyazi uGayo Maecenas. Kamva ke uya kukhululwa incwadi "Georgics", emva koko umsebenzi omkhulu uzakwenziwa - umbongo ze Virgil "Aeneid." Lo msebenzi uya kunika imbongi elishumi yokugqibela yobomi bakhe.

Ngokufutshane ngale mveliso

It wadala umbongo elikhulu Virgil "Aeneid" elishumi. amaxesha iNkosi amaninzi etshintshiweyo umsebenzi wakhe, maxa wambi ukutshintsha iinxalenye zayo yonke.

Ukuze ebonisa imeko amanyathelo mbongo ngokusengqiqweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka, umbhali uyaqhubeka uhambo. icebo yakhe ukutyelela izixeko ezininzi Greece kunye Asia, kodwa uhambo lwakhe liyancitshiswa ngenxa yokugula, emva koko 19 BC. e. Virgil wafa. Kunjalo, imbongi elikrelekrele wakwazi ukwakha yaziwa kulo lonke umsebenzi ehlabathini, ukuze imali kulo lonke ulwazi lwabo umphefumlo.

imithombo wentsomi "Aeneid" Virgil

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba mbongo elikhulu phantsi qho wasentsomini. Kukholelwa ukuba imbali yokuhamba Eneya lo ilitye lesikhumbuzo azazi yamaRoma kunye nezinye iinkcubeko. Kamva, ngesandla ngokukhanya imbongi engumGrike Stesichorus kunye Dionisiya Galikarnasskogo, ogama linguEneya Waba ngunozala eRoma. Ilivo lo mfana nesibindi ayaziwa ngokubanzi esamenza Virgil. "Aeneid" wadalwa ngokusekelwe welivo, kodwa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi ozimeleyo. Oku kudalwa olwahlukileyo yaye original, iqulathe ngokokwayo njengoko amanqaku ngembali, amabali yaye ngenene iziganeko, kunye nesimbo yombhali, uhamba sebali apha naphaya kunye nabalinganiswa ubomi obungaqhelekanga.

Kufuneka kwakhona bathi amaRoma zaye sacredly kuyizukisa memory of uEneya. Iintsapho ezininzi ahlukile babezama ukuzisa imvelaphi yazo le hero. Ngenxa yoko, bafuna ukuvuma ukuba inzala woothixo, ngokuba unyana linguEneya, uthixokazi Venus.

Umjikelo intsomi isikhupheli seTrojan

isiseko eziziintsomi umbongo "Aeneid" Virgil kaThixo - uthotho yeentsomi seTrojan. On nesiseko "Iliad" yaye "Odyssey" kaHomer. Oku ngayo iintsomi mane nto isixelela ntoni ekuqaleni kaTrojan, ukutshatyalaliswa Troy, ziyahlelwa elizayo yabalinganiswa.

Intsomi yokuqala, "Peleus kunye Thetis" imalunga kumtshato uthixokazi elwandle kunye ofayo. Umkhosi babizwa bonke abemi Olympus, kodwa isimemo ayithunyelwanga ku isithixokazi yingxabano iridium. Xa kufanelekile ingqumbo nomsindo waza wamphosa-apile egolide phezu kwetafile apho oothixokazi ezintathu: Athena (uMinerva), zekhompyutha (Juno) kunye Aphrodite (Venus). Kwi njengokhozo kwathiwa: "Eyona nto ezintle." Kakade ke, uthixokazi waqalisa baxabane ngubani na ukubeka esi sipho. Baye bacelwa ukuba agwebe kaTrojan Paris oselula, yaye walingwa ukufumana isithembiso Aphrodite, lo mfazi omhle, wamnika-apile yakhe. enye nebozhitelnitsy ezimbini bandithiyile ka Paris, nesixeko sakhe. Kamva, iParis ebe lo mfazi omhle yehlabathi lamandulo - umfazi Spartan ukumkani Elena. Umyeni wakhe, nixhobe ngenkxaso thixokazi ezimbini kukhubeka bonke, baye kulwa kunye Troy, ulonakalise.

Ngenxa yoko uqamba ukungathandi zekhompyutha-Juno ukuya linguEneya, nyana ka-Aphrodite. Imiphumo yenzondo luchazwe kakuhle kumbongo wakhe, Virgil. "Aeneid", isishwankathelo apho sicinga uza kunibalisela ngemeko imiqobo kunye iingxaki kwafuneka iphumele umlinganiswa ophambili.

okunika umdla

Izazinzulu ezininzi ziye babuza isizathu sokuba Virgil wayefuna ukuba angawutshisi "Aeneid."

Kubonakala ukuba xa kwenziwa umsebenzi, ngoko ngokufuthi wabuyela kuyo ngokuguqula amagama ambalwa, yaye inxalenye kumbutho. Xa Virgil wagula waza wathabatha ebhedini yakhe, andizange amandla okuqhubeka ukusebenza kulo mbongo. Kwabonakala kuye engazaliswanga ngokupheleleyo okanye abangafezekanga. Xa rush mad yokunganeliseki ngokwabo kunye nobuchule babo enkulu yimbongi yaseRoma wayefuna ukutshisa indalo yakho. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini kutheni akazange. Mhlawumbi emiswa abahlobo, okanye mhlawumbi wacinga ngcono yena, yaye, ngethamsanqa, isikhumbuzo onobungangamsha iincwadi yaseRoma yagcinwa.

Ukufana ngemisebenzi Homeric

Virgil umbongo "Aeneid" libunjwa iinxalenye ezimbini, nganye kuzo iincwadi ezintandathu.

Inxalenye yokuqala othetha neyokudinga hero - uEneya. Apha nabagxeki zoncwadi badla ukuzoba ukufana nazo kaHomer kaThixo "Odyssey". Eneya njengoko Odysseus wabuya kaTrojan, kwakunye ukumkani Ithaca, yena uzama ukugcina izithuthi sakhe nxamnye ukuthanda oothixo kakubi kuyo. Ufuna ukufumana uxolo ukuba ezula ejikeleza ehlabathini.

Enye into efanayo - kuba ikhaka isihloko kule mihobe. In kaHomer "Iliad" Achilles ikhaka ihlawulwe yonke ingoma, kwaye kananjalo Virgil isahluko ezisibhozo inxalenye yesibini ligcinwe ikhaka Eneya imifanekiso oluneenkcukacha, ebonisa isiseko eRoma. Kule ncwadi ezintandathu zokuqala ziya wachaza neyokudinga hero elwandle kunye nomhlaba, bahlale lakhe ukumkanikazi Carthaginian Dido, ukuziphatha quest Mezhuyev phezu intando kunye neminqweno yabo.

Inxalenye yesibini lunikezelwa oothixo baseRoma, nto leyo ehambisana kunye "Iliad." Isixelela malunga imfazwe elitsha, apho kuya kufuneka ukuba alwe linguEneya, kunye nongenelelo amandla aphezulu.

Ingxenye yokuqala

Virgil umbongo "Aeneid", isishwankathelo apho ewusondeza ingqalelo yakho iqalisa uhlobo yemveli "Solo". Oku kubhekisela uthi imbongi yaye ithetha imeko linguEneya, loo nto leyo ke ingqumbo uthixokazi Juno (kwiintsomi Greek - zekhompyutha). Into elandelayo ibali oothixo ubudala amaqhawe rhoqo wayesihla evela Olympus emhlabeni. Baya abafazi onokufa, ukuze ke wazala oonyana babo. Yothixokazi naye akazange akhalaze abantu abafayo. Ezi nketho baba Thetis (ebizwa ngokuba yi umfelandawonye umntu ozelwe Achilles) kunye Aphrodite, owazala linguEneya, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa.

Isenzo lo mbongo kuthatha ukuba kumphezulu elwandle, nto leyo dissects ophambili inqanawa. Yena uyaqubha emzini eliselula Carthage. Kodwa Juno sizinzile kwaye ithumela uqhwithela olubi. Enye into ekufeni Eneya ukhulula crew weNeptune, owacela ukuba uyenze le unina hero - Venus. Ngokungummangaliso ziphile kwabeka ukuya elunxwemeni ongaziwayo iinqanawa. Kubonakala ukuba unxweme Afrika kunye nelizwe Queen Dido, wafika apha evela kwelaseFenike, apho phantse wafela ezandleni umzalwana wakhe, kwaza kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke. Emva koko kuphakamisa isixeko amakhulu Carthage, embindini Okuya kuba itempile ntofontofo Juno.

Dido uthatha abasabileyo ngoxolo kwaye ilungiselela emthendelekweni, apho linguEneya, ubhidwe ubuhle kunye iindwendwe kwiKumkanikazi, ubalisa ibali kaTrojan kunye nemihla yokugqibela uTroy. Uchaza indlela clever ke Achaeans (amaGrike) ndadala ngemfano edume ihashe isikhupheli seTrojan nefihlakeleyo ngaphakathi "isipho", ubusuku sazivula iingcango uTroy ngaphandle kwegazi. Ngoko kwakhona sibona ukufana nazo kaHomer kaThixo "Iliad" ku Virgil. "Aeneid" kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba ukopishe amaGrike, kodwa isekelwe kuphela hayi iintsomi ezifanayo zifana nemibongo yakhe.

Night Eneya ubona amaphupha ephazamisayo apho neziprofetho entwined neenkumbulo: unina Venus Eneya wanceda unyana wakhe kunye noyise endala. Nabo, iqhawe kwethu isecaleni kude Troy, kodwa yintoni intonga elunxwemeni - andazi. Yonke imiqobo, nto leyo ibeka isandla Juno embi. Kwiminyaka emithandathu neyokudinga ngenkani Eneya ilinde ukuba kobunzima obuninzi kunye ebulalayo. It okusindileyo esixekweni, abanentsholongwane isibetho, usindiso zezilo ezimbini ulwandle - Scylla kunye Charybdis. hero befuna ukuba ufuna indlela iziprofeto zezihlabo, kodwa uqikelelo lwabo bedidekile. Omnye ukuqikelela wobukumkani bakhe eRoma, enye - ukufa yindlala yonke izithuthi. Iinqanawa isiqingatha wabatshabalalisa, amajoni lidakile ithemba, yaye kwelinye matheku ofayo uyise endala Anchises. Ibali liphela Juno wathumela Kwehla uqhwithela.

Dido ukuphulaphula ngentliziyo evulekileyo kwaye uyavelana uEneya. Phakathi kwabo sathi qwele imvakalelo enamandla. Nature ugcina flash umbane layo ithelekisa imbongi kunye nezibane yamsitho. ingqiqo kwakhe kwisibini ecinga ngexesha ukuzingela kukho uqhwithela. Ngumfanekiso Eneya kwi "Aeneid" Virgil ibizwa ngokucacileyo kutyhilwa iimvakalelo kukumkanikazi Carthage. Siyabona ukuba nje kuphela njengegorha elikhaliphileyo kunye nenkokeli lokwenyaniso, kodwa umntu onothando ngubani na onako uya kunikwa ngentliziyo yam yonke.

Kodwa uthando lo awenzelwa ukuba kunye. Jupiter wayalela Eneya nawa ukuya eRoma. Le hero akafuni nto, ufuna ukuba ahlale intanda yakhe, kodwa uyazi akanako ukumelana ukuthanda koothixo. Dido, emva kokubona postpones lwemasti fleet linguEneya, Lisuka ekreleni.

UTshawe elinde neyokudinga engaphezulu. Kufutshane umfazi eSisili-Abhisalom umlilo oomatiloshe lwezithuthi amadoda abo ngomkhombe kubo. Eneya walahlekelwa iinqanawa ezine, kodwa tywa phezu kwindlela oothixo. E Italy, adibana umprofetikazi, ethumela ukuba kwelabafileyo eHadesi, uyise Anchises. yena kuphela onokuchaza yonke inzala hero.

Eneya esehlela kwelabafileyo, apho ubona amajoni akhe kwabafileyo wayemthanda Dido ngenxeba kwegazi e esifubeni sakhe, elijongeka lokutshabhisa, kodwa akazange athethe naye. Ukufumana umoya uyise, nokuba akaqondi ukuba inzala yakhe zimiselwe ukuseka lo mzi mkhulu ngonaphakade kuhla kwimbali. Abuyele emhlabeni, ogama linguEneya ufunda evela Sibyl neyokudinga zakhe kuqhubeka phezu komhlaba. Utsho iphela inxalenye yokuqala kumbongo wakhe Virgil. "Aeneid" kuyaqhutywa kwezi ncwadi zilandelayo.

"Aeneid." Isishwankathelo inxalenye yesibini

Ekuqaleni kwinxalenye yesibini amajoni ndidiniwe aqhubeke nohambo lwabo bade bayeke kufutshane Latium. Apha komulela imifuno ezigcadiweyo, uwafake ezizibeni iintlobo flat. Xa bahambi badla nemiqhathane, unyana ka ophambili neziqhulo: "Ngoko ke badla iitafile." Zimangele Eneya abatsiba, ikhumbula isiprofeto, esithi "iitafile uya kuwakrekretha yindlala." Ngoku ke hero uyazi ukuba wafika kwinjongo yakhe. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umbongo Virgil kaThixo "Aeneid" uzele ingqiqo eyimfihlakalo zokuqikelela nokuprofeta.

Zikhululekile ukuba kufika kuyo yakhe, ogama linguEneya, wathumela abathunywa kukumkani becela isandla intombi yakhe. Yena ngovuyo uyasamkela isiphakamiso, ekubeni uyayazi ukuqikelela, othi kwinzala intombi yakhe nomphambukeli omiselwe ukoyisa isiqingatha ihlabathi amise ubukumkani onamandla.

Kubonakala ngathi Eneya akhe okulwa zilindele uxolo nenzolo. Kodwa Juno a nokulala ithumela ithunzi imfazwe e Latium. amajoni Eneya ngempazamo ukubulala nezamaxhamakazi kunokuba kunokubangela kusisithuko kukumkani Latina. Ngaphandle Ethundezwa sicelo akamkelwanga kwi isandla Lavinia Thurn malunga ukuya emfazweni nxamnye ezahlukeneyo uEneya.

Venus ubuza uthixo Hephaestus ukudala isikrweqe ngokobunene uEneya. UThixo mkhandi kwakha ikhaka enamandla, ebonisa imbali eRoma. Le ikhaka inika eninzi isithuba kulo mbongo Virgil. "Aeneid" (isishwankathelo izahluko, ngelishwa, akuthethi ukunika inkcazelo epheleleyo ikhaka) ibonisa ukuba ikamva elidluleyo lokuphila Rome amagorha.

Ukuqala imfazwe entsha. Ukuzaliswa mbongo

Nangona hero yethu ixakekile ngamalungiselelo imfazwe ezayo, Thurn ngobuqili livela ngasemva. Kodwa amadoda amabini bavela bawa Troy - Euryalus kunye Nisus - ukwenza babeyihamba utshaba ebusuku yokupaka ukulumkisa uEneya. Ubusuku kwakubonakala ukubanceda, inyanga efihliweyo emva kwamafu kwaye asisiniki ray. Le wekampu yotshaba yonke Bawela bubuthongo, kwaye amajoni eshiya ngasemva izidumbu cwaka iintshaba. Kodwa Braves abanalo ixesha phambi ngesifingo, yaye ukuqonda Euryale kunye Nisus uya phezu kwamakhulu amathathu okulwa, kodwa sife kunye nesidima.

Juno inhales ngohambo amandla akhe obuThixo, kodwa wangqungisana Ngokuzithandela yakhe kaZeyus sinqande ngamandla alo. Juno and Venus ngomsindo, akhombe omunye ukuba utyhilo omnye imfazwe yaye ukulungele ukunceda abazithandayo. ingxabano yazo iyeka Jupiter kwaye uthi xa waqalisa imfazwe, ngoko samyeka ukuthanda isiphelo. Ichaza indawo koothixo Virgil. "Aeneid" ubonisa ububi babo ngexesha elifanayo nemfesane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, benza kanye abantu yingisa iimvakalelo zakhe.

Wabuyela kwecala hero yethu, yaye idabi eyoyikekayo iqala. Thurn ibulala ally kunye nomhlobo osenyongweni Eneya Palant kunye tameke uloyiso yethutyana, uthatha nebhanti yakhe. Eneya odlula phakathi kokulwa edabini kwaye phantse iyafika hambo, kodwa Juno angenelele kwaye ikhusela kuyo.

Imfazwe iye yabulala ngakumbi amajoni amaninzi befanelekile. Falls wawabetha Utolo entle Amazons Camilla. Eneya kubulawa ngekrele kunye Mezentius Loves - uyise nonyana. Ukubhubha, abacelwa ukuba kungcwaba ndawonye.

Yalila best namagorha akhe ahlawule Zigcineni Latina Thurn indala ukujongana uEneya. Oku kunika kulwa, uze kunye Kungquzulwano. Ukuba uya kuphumelela linguEneya, wemka lo mhlaba, kwaye iqela liya kuthatha. Eneya livuma ibhengeze isgqibo okwethutyana, kodwa ngephanyazo njengexhalanga esibhakabhakeni uhlasela umhlambi weentaka. umhlambi intaka elikroti ekhuselweyo, wabetha njengobokhozi kuthatha moya. Itola mad Latina endala ukhwaza ukuba oku njengophawu lokuphumelela kwabo phezu zeza lokukhenketha, yaye aphosa umkhonto ekampini yotshaba. Kwakhona wambhinqisa imfazwe phakathi amajoni.

Konke abone Olympus Juno noJupiter yabuza ukuba anike Trojans ukuba ukunyanzelisa amasiko abo kunye Italy kuvumela igama ku uTroy wafa kunye umzi bawa. Njengokumkani woothixo uyavuma kwaye uthi kuzo zonke izizwe ziya kuzalwa abantu omnye yaye oveet udumo yayo ehlabathini lonke.

Ekulweni ngokupheleleyo ekugqibeleni ukufumana enye nenye kwaye uEneya Thurn. Ukuba idibane ekulweni yokugqibela, kwaye uqhankqalazo ezifana iindudumo. Esibhakabhakeni ngasentla namadoda anamandla emi Jupiter, ephethe intsalela nomphefumlo yabalinganiswa. Emva kwakhe kuqala womkhonto waphula Turna bakhiwa ikhaka Hephaestus-Vulcan, ndiziphaluse elichasayo iwela ethangeni. Eneya ukulungele ukuba simbulale, asibeke naye phezu kwekrele lakhe, kodwa utshaba akucela inceba uyise endala. Eneya wayeka, kodwa amehlo akhe ukubona amaxesha Palant tour. Wakhumbula ke wabulala omnye, lwisana utshaba afe. Le ndawo yokugqibela igcina nge kumbongo Virgil kaThixo.

Uhlalutyo lemveliso

"Aeneid" Virgil, amasiko kunye ezintsha, ezo ngokusondeleyo sase kwaye elibonakala engenakususwa, ngokwenene inkqubela kakhulu ixesha layo. umbongo yemveli isibheno kwiintsomi njengomthombo iyelenqe ebheka khona, kwakunye nesakhiwo sayo nokusetyenziswa eqhelekileyo ingabula ombambazelayo kunye nedilesi olufutshane umfundi inkcazelo ngeziganeko ezizayo.

Innovation Works ngumfanekiso hero - uEneya. Ngokungafaniyo imibongo luzayo ebhaliweyo phambi kokuba "Aeneid", apho abalinganiswa ngokunyanisekileyo kakhulu, lokwenene. Eneya ngokwakhe kuphela njengegorha okhaliphileyo, yena - umhlobo othembekileyo, utata elungileyo kunye nonyana. Ngaphezu koko, uTshawe uyakwazi ukuthanda. Nangona ukuba ukuthanda oothixo kunyanzeleka ukuba ashiye Dido intanda yakhe, yena uyazisola ngokunyanisekileyo yaye akafuni ukuhamba.

Lidla ezininzi iingxaki abavusayo "Aeneid" yi Virgil. Uhlalutyo umbongo inzima kakhulu, ekubeni imveliso ezininzi kwaye ibandakanya ezininzi iingcamango. Indawo ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi umxholo wesiprofeto. Characters sezulu bakholwayo, wenze njengoko kuchaziwe nezityhilelo zezihlabo zabo iimboni. Kwaye ukuba abanye babo musani ukukholwa esi siprofeto, esiya kuzaliseka. Kodwa yonke into apha izaliswe isiqulatho eyahlukileyo kancinane ngakumbi kwi "Odyssey" kaHomer. Kulo mbongo, oko lesiGrike enkulu kwangaphambili kwi imeko Odyssey, yaye "Aeneid" iqhawe kwangaphambili ukuba ikusasa, nenjongo yayo - amise ubukumkani entsha enkulu. Nangona isibakala sokuba Eneya ukuba iphumele ezininzi iingxaki kunye yamashwa, Akayi ndothuke, uya injongo yakhe.

Impembelelo ukuthanda koothixo bayahlelwa womntu kuphela, kodwa sonke isizwe ngokwemveli kwimeko imisebenzi eRoma yamandulo. Noko ke, kule "Aeneid" kuthatha intsingiselo entsha. Apha bambi osikhangelayo kuphela ngenxa yenzuzo zabo ngohlobo yentlonelo esakha iitempile, kodwa kukwazi ukuvelana kwaye amncede namaqhawe enokufa kunye nezizwe, leyo ababaxhasayo.

Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba utyelelo Eneya ebukumkanini ekuthuthu- iPluto. Umxholo ngokwaso kakhulu zemveli, kodwa ezintsha na imbono imvula hero akubonileyo nakuvileyo isiprofeto kayise wakhe kwelabafileyo.

endaweni iziphetho

Lo mbongo "Aeneid" - yinto umsebenzi oyindumasi nkqu womeleleyo uncwadi nobugcisa. Umsebenzi ngokusondeleyo sase isiphetho oluntu kunye ezindaweni zonke izizwe, iimfazwe kunye ngamava yabalinganiswa, ubuhlobo kunye nothando, umnqweno elula oluntu kunye ukuthanda oothixo, injongo ephezulu.

kweminyaka elishumi wabhala umbongo okuqaqambileyo Virgil. "Aeneid" yi lwezahluko translation ifundeka kakhulu lula. Lo mbongo iya kuba umdla nabani na ufuna ukwazi ngayo kwimbali nenkcubeko yase eRoma yamandulo.