Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP: apho, ukubuyekeza, izithuba

"Kulungile, siya kuba Kolyma - bamkelekile!" Eli binzana elingakanani intsingiselo linempoxo ezingaguquguqukiyo ibangela impendulo ocacile: "Hayi, ukuba kungcono ukuba kuthi." Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo ukuza Ingingqi Magadan isiba kusefashonini, imnandi yaye inika umdla. Ngequbuliso wavula ubuhle eyothusayo uhlobo kakhulu, ungubani, abemi encinane, baseRashiya abaninzi baqalisa ukuvula ikhaya enkulu. Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - lo mmandla waqalisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa izimbiwa, kodwa nangenxa amagalelo kunye nemikhosi kwi kwintando. Ukugqitywa zolwakhiwo HPPs kwi Kolyma River iza kwenza le ngingqi ukutsala utyalo-mali kunye kusetyenziswe amandla ngokupheleleyo mmandla.

uphi na

Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP - enkulu-scale yokwakha wasentla. ISipro emi kwi Kolyma River kummandla Magadan. Kolyma yinxalenye ukuxubana izityalo umbane. into lokwakha ngezantsi km 217 ababambeleyo Kolymskaya HPP yi izikhululo ehla isigaba asezantsi. Kufuphi indlu - kwilali Ust-Srednekan dela iminyaka embalwa, ngokuba nzima ityala lakhe. Abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi wakha zokuhlala ezininzi kufutshane kwesikhululo samandla ngamanzi. inkampani yokwakha kokuqhubeka "RusHydro".

Kolyma mveliso yezityalo novelisa i95% umbane kuyo yonke le ngingqi, umthamo wayo 900 MW. Oku kwanele ukuba phantse zonke iimfuno zangoku, kodwa hayi uphuhliso. Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP yenzelwe ukunyusa ubungakanani umbane, nto leyo iya kuqala ukuphuhlisa imithombo yendawo, ukwakha ukuvelisa amashishini-eneji olunzulu kunye nemfuno. amandla ayo uyilo - 570 MW kunye nomyinge imveliso yonyaka kombane - 2,55 billion kWh.

indaba

iprojekthi Station siye saqulunqwa 1978, kunye nolwakhiwo kwaqala ngo-1990. Ukuyeka umsebenzi esenzeka 90 emva kwexesha ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali. Ukususela ngoko, imali eyabelwe ukwakha ukusuka mali federal, apho into kule yobukhulu ke unsupportable. Kut- umsebenzi kwenzeka ngo-2005, emva kokuba uvavanyo amaxabiso emali ekwakhiweni kwayo kunye nesiphumo kwezoqoqosho emva ngokusesikweni. Isigaba sokuqala imali yafunyanelwa ngo-2006, evuselela umsebenzi kwisiza.

Ngo-2008, isityalo amandla elizayo laba impahla "RusHydro", nto leyo ngenxa utshintsho kule nkampani. Ngexesha lokwakha HPP yaba liqumrhu elisemthethweni JSC "Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP". Umsebenzi okukhawulezileyo kakhulu, yaye ngo-2011, ukulungela le saba 86%. NgoSeptemba waloo nyaka kukho ukungqubana i Kolyma River, leyo lisigqibile isigaba sokuqala umsebenzi wokwakha. Okwangoku, kukho ufakelo izixhobo, ukwakhiwa amadama kunye nezinye izakhiwo.

izimo zemvelo

ummandla Magadan - kwintsimi sezulu ngqwabalala, apho amaqondo ezimbi kuvandlakanywa ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Umsebenzi wokwakha ifuna ubuchwepheshe ekhethekileyo, njengoko kuqhutywa kule permafrost: iqina emhlabeni kwiindawo ukuya ku-300 ubunzulu leemitha. Imigqaliselo komndilili weqondo lobushushu yonyaka -12 ° C, ingxelo ngoJanuwari ebandayo -62 ° C, komndilili weqondo lobushushu lasebusika -38 ° C. Kwakhona, le ngingqi endaweni ka umsebenzi ophezulu seismic.

Likomkhulu ngingqi kunye nomsebenzisi enkulu yamandla kwixesha elizayo Magadan. Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP (umgama ukuya umlomo Kolyma River yi 1677 km) uza kuba ngumboneleli main amandla. Ehlabathini sikhululo de kwimimandla eyintlango, evela kuhola wendlela federal "Kolyma" ukuya lento kufuneka bahambe km 40.

Phakathi umlambo egcwele nemingenela kwizitishi ezimbini ukuxubana eziliqela, isixa kwamanzi 4.5 kwiikhilomitha cubic. Kwezi nyanga zishushu zonyaka apha uza izikhukula ezimbini ezinkulu: entwasahlobo kwaye kumathuba ehlotyeni ekwindla. amanzi aphezulu kwixesha isikhukhula 17.900 cubic metres yesibini (ezibhalwe ngowe-1939) nganye. Ebusika, lo ukuhamba kwamanzi kusithwa kakhulu ngenxa neemeko zemozulu kwaye kuthetha ukuba akukho iimitha ngaphezulu kwe-5 cubic intshizi ngesekondi. ukusetyenziswa station Uqikelelo yi 33.300 cubic metres ngomzuzwana.

uyilo nokwakhiwa kwesikhululo

Ust-Kolyma HPP na isisombululo yoyilo eqhelekileyo - oku station Plotinnaya srednenapornaya. Ukubunjwa izakhiwo into ziquka:

• Umhlaba dam (ubude - 2100 eemitha, ukuphakama kwindawo iphezulu - 66 meters).
• edamini eziphathekayo (ubude - 325 eemitha, ukuphakama - 74 meters).
• Reservoir (indawo iyonke - 265 m ^2, umthamo - 5.4 km ³ umthamo luncedo - 2,57 km ^3).
• Izikhukhula lomhlaba wezolimo yeehektare 40, amatyotyombe kummandla yezikhukula akukho.
• Pressure HPS phambi - malunga 2.5 km.

edamini

izitishi ezimbini zenze enye phambi edamini Water. Earth dam kwesinye umxube lomhlaba equka zesanti luhlalu. I-primary uba ukuphakama kuyimitha 33,5, oko kudala uxinzelelo lwamanzi yokusebenza encinci ngokusebenza okwethutyana iiyunithi ezimbini ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kakade.

Edamini yesibini Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP (325 eemitha) iqulathe ezintathu:

• lwedama;
• umile;
• izithulu.

Ekubeni mveliso yakhelwe phezu permafrost, umhlaba ophantsi ebandayo grout belengalenga ibhuqiwe kuphela emva kokuba umsebenzi elektroottaivaniyu uhlobo. Ubunzulu amanqaku encwadi - 25 kwiindawo intshabalalo ziitectonic plates kweemitha uyakwazi ukufikelela ubunzulu leemitha 100.

Idama lwedama ibonelela amanzi yokupasa malunga 17200 m³ nganye ngocwangcisa yesibini kwenzeka elisengqayini stilling (ubude - iimitha 168,5 Ububanzi - 147 meters). Isikhululo abafumana dam kwamanzi iquka amacandelo amane. Ubude kwedama - eemitha 96, ububanzi - 57 eemitha, kubude 70 eemitha. Pressure edge exhuma eselunxwemeni lwedama eziphathekayo, ubude alingana leemitha 105.

inkqubela yomsebenzi

Ngo-2011, i-bed umlambo yogutyulo, apho 2000 cubic metres ngekhonkrithi sabekwa, elowo anobunzima ezisibhozo. Ngo-2013, oko kwabalelwa ukusebenza ixesha zokuqala ezimbini ngamanzi, ukwandisa phambi xi kwaqhubeka, i idama yodongwe, babesebenza ukulungiselela ukusungulwa kweyunithi lesithathu hydraulic.

Njengoko of ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba 2016, Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP yagqitywa ufakelo iinxalenye engoma ngenxa wesithathu amanzi, injini ngokwayo endleleni kwaye kufuneka kuloliwe. Ephendulwa zezikhali ilingane ezithwala-50. Ezinye iindawo sele wafika Magadan.

Umenzi fracturing Engineering yinkampani Russian - inkxalabo "Amandla Machines". amandla injini Amanzi 142,5 MW. Amandla kunye nezakhono zobugcisa iingcali umthengisi yokuqala iyunithi emileyo hydraulic ziza kufakelwa kungekudala. Ngoku kwizitishi ezibini zexeshana aphehla zisebenze. Kweli nqanaba kwenzeka site concreting, nto leyo iza kufuna malunga 3 amawaka neemitha umxube cubic.

Imisebenzi zenziwa ngokwemigaqo ngqo isicwangciso, abakhi bazama ukwenza konke okusemandleni ethu, kodwa waqhubeka ubushushu zero kwiindawo apho Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP. izakhiwo Amafoto kunye landscape ezingqongileyo yayahluke omnye komnye, ibonisa amandla endalo kunye imigudu yabantu ukunqanda oko. Running isikhululo ucwangciselwe 2018.

ukusebenza kwezomnotho

Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP emva sungula iya kunceda ukusombulula eziliqela iingxaki:

• Ukwandisa amandla ebusika Kolyma HPP ngu 102 MW.
• Qinisekisa uphuhliso Natalka yeyam (Gold) kunye nokudala umthamo sokuphuhlisa imisebenzi imigodi ekucwangciselwa yena.
• Lungisa nokuthumela ezityiwa amanzi ngamaxesha onogumbe.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko amandla ka wonke ummandla Magadan, ingakumbi ebusika.
• Nciphisa amafutha amazwe sikuphephe ukwakhiwa izityalo amandla thermal. Oku ngakumbi ivumela zokunciphisa umthwalo lokusingqongileyo.
• Ukunciphisa iindleko zombane, nto leyo eya kunciphisa iirhafu 38-50%.
• Yenza imisebenzi, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwentlalo abemi nokunciphisa yokufuduka labemi, ukuphakamisa umgangatho wobomi.

reviews

Iiprojekthi zokwakha ezinkulu abasakhasayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo Russia, uyohlwaywa nkqu ababengakholwa kumandla eli lizwe ukuba ukucombulula iingxaki zabo ukwandisa imveliso. Njengenxenye yeeprojekithi uthembisa i Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP. Reviews ezivela ezazivela ezaya kule ndawo, yaye nabantu abaqhelekileyo nje Rave. Phantse wonke wabonakalisa ithemba lokuba kummandla Magadan kunye lonke kummandla Kolyma uya kuqalisa ukuthatha ibali ezahlukeneyo, ayikho mfiliba kunjalo, ezisekelwe phezu amabali kwenkampu.

Izimvo PJSC yomqeshi "Kolymaenergo" (a nkampani PJSC "RusHydro") inqabile. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba e Kolyma Krai Internet luwenze kakubi. Abo ukhathazwa ukubhala ngokutsha, sixelele indlela imiba umsebenzi kwishishini ezimbi nezilungileyo.

Ukususela ibango ezimbi loqobo alinjalo umvuzo eziphakamileyo kakhulu, nto leyo kunciphisa kakhulu umnqweno ukufumana umsebenzi, nto leyo kuya kufuneka asebenze kwi Far North. Abanye abasebenzi zibonisa utshintsho engenasizathu imiqathango yesivumelwano yi kulawulo nkampani, inkqubo esingenabulungisa izohlwayo, ukuxhaphaza kunye ophethe ethengisa impahla kunye nembuyekezo. Le eziluncedo ziquka iqela elikhulu iingcali, kwakheka kwindawo yokwakha. Kunzima ukuba kugweba kwi imvuthuluka ulwazi malunga nomgangatho yomqeshi, kodwa ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima akukho lula, ngoko ke wonke umsebenzi ufuna kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yomsebenzi nekhefu.

imisebenzi

PJSC "Kolymaenergo" uphumeza lokugaya nesiza Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP. Imisebenzi zisingisele iingcali kunye ephakamileyo imfundo yobunjineli, iimfuno ezizodwa aphakamileyo kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza. iinjineli gidrotrotehniki wayefuna, IT-iingcali, shift iisuphavayiza, ekhemisi, amagcisa, iefa, nehlankomo njalo njalo. Imfuneko engundoqo - ukuqonda nkcukacha kwishishini amandla, imfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kunye namava inqweneleka kwezinye HPP. Le nkampani ngokuqesha abasebenzi kuphela kwisikhululo phantsi kusakhiwa, kodwa ukusebenza Kolyma HPP.