Diphyllobothriasis: iimpawu ebantwini kunye irejimeni yonyango

Diphyllobothriasis sisifo ekumfimfitheni, sikhatshwe sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi sokuqala amalungu phecana wokudla, kwakunye kwegazi megaloblastic. isilumeki yayo usondele tapeworm - yehagu (D.latum), nto leyo ibe ukuya kwi-10 m kwaye ngaphantsi kwe-10 entlobo sodidi Diphyllobothrium wafunda Diphyllobothrium.

Ezibangela isifo

Usulelo diphyllobothriasis yabantu lwenzeka besidla zihlaselwe ngokwaneleyo ngayo indlela thermal okanye imveliso yentlanzi kakubi ngatyuwa, kananjalo xa ukusika iintlanzi kunye nokuphathwa yokungeneli izinto zokubhala ezisemgangathweni emva kwayo. Enanikade ukungena ziimpethu emzimbeni womntu lwenzeka ngokutsho kwikhonkco elide.

A indlela yokwabelana diphyllobothriosis

amaqanda entshulube ikhule ibe emanzini amatsha kunye lobushushu 10-20 ° C malunga inyanga. Emva koko, ukuba bahlukane koraditsii-imibungu, nto leyo ezityiwa kwezilwanyana, umz, copepods. Oku - plerocercoids - a Inqanaba lokuqala eliphakathi zokosuleleka apho imibungu akhiwa helminth. Ngoko ke isigaba sesibini, xa iintlanzi amatsha afana Pike, noAbhinadabhi, zakhele, sisinkantazi, trout et al., Ezineqokobhe Ukutya kwindawo umzimba wakhe ekugqibezeleni uphuhliso lwabo iqonga leesampulu abaqolileyo. Yaye kuphela emva kokuba iimpethu bafumane komkhosi wazo esichazayo, ngokufanelekileyo, umthombo usulelo - umntu, okanye, ubuncinane, izilwanyana iintlanzi-esidla ummeli ezifana ihagu, impungutye, ibhere, itywina, njl Kungenxa emizimbeni yabo sele amaqanda abaqolileyo helminth amakhalane apho kuphuma ngethuba defecation kunye nococeko lingahenyuzi amanzi acocekileyo, ukuqala kwitsheyini elitsha zosulelo.

Parasitizing le tapeworm emathunjini ngokubanzi ibandakanya amawaka eziliqela ziqwempu (proglottids) amaqanda eziqulathe, waza eqhotyoshelwe iindonga befikelwa emathunjini amancinci nge slits ezimbini (bothria) ibekwe ekupheleni entlokweni yayo. Nangona ubude amaphelo ngamanye amaxesha ufikelela weemitha ezili-10, kukho iimeko xa umzimba womntu Bahlala neempethu eziliqela.

Indawo ukusasazeka kwezifo

Diphyllobothriasis yabantu iqhelekileyo phakathi abahlali mimandla kunye kwimozulu epholileyo ezibandayo, apho abemi iintlanzi ukutya engundoqo imanz yayo. Isifo kwenzeka kumazwe aseYurophu, ingakumbi eScandinavia, eJapan, Umzantsi Melika, Afrika, USA, Canada, naseRashiya.

Pathogenesis kunye Pathologic picture diphyllobothriasis

Xa emzimbeni womntu, yehagu linamandla isiphumo yayintsholongwane eyosulela indalo ngoomatshini, ziyityhefu kwaye umzimba kunye neuro-reflex. Okokuqala, ukuba umthetho lo isifo bothria wamathumbu xa eqhotyoshelweyo ezindongeni helminth. Oku kwenza yoma kunye necrosis le isifo. amaphelo iimveliso pathways bandiqumbisayo iinkqubo autosensibilizatsionnye. Waphawula indlela ebalulekileyo iqala gipoavitaminoz folic acid kunye vitamin B12, leyo kunye eziveliswa eziphilayo ukunxila ubomi amaphelo kwi-2% omnye afune anemia megaloblastic. Ubude HIV ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi.

zesifo diphyllobothriasis

Ukususela kwiintsuku 20 ukuya kuma-60 - loo okuthatha na bothriocephaliasis mpawu abantu baqala ukuvela kuphela emva kweli xesha. Yaba ngeli thuba ziimpethu kuba ifomu aqolileyo ngokwesini, eqhotyoshelwe eludongeni wamathumbu uze uqalise ukusebenza. Diphyllobothriasis uqala ukuzibonakalisa ngcembe. Isicaphucaphu, belching nokugabha, esiswini distention, intlungu intlungu epigastric, imnyama, ukuphazamiseka esitulweni - wonke kunye iimpawu okuqala bothriocephaliasis. indoda photo diphyllobothriasis kamva iya kuvezwa zimveza kunye pallor okuphawulekayo ulusu kunye inwebu yangaphakathi, kwaye uza ubunzima ukusuka ukudinwa, isiyezi, ubuthathaka, iintlungu esiswini, paresthesia, ulwimi hepatosplenomegaly, Achille, echachambileyo (kamva ulwimi uba kakuhle).

tachycardia zaphawula, hypotension, ukozela, luyambombozela iSystolic enkcochoyini, ingxolo phezulu. iimvavanyo zegazi Laboratory yezizathu izigulane ezinesifo yabonisa lo mfanekiso ulandelayo: kwehlela ihemoglobin, inani eliphantsi iiseli ezibomvu, nande yibilirubin ngqo, isalathiso eliphezulu umbala, neutropenia, leukocytosis, ophezulu ESR. The degree of ubuzaza kwegazi, kwakunye nobungozi besi sifo sichaphazela izinga zintwala helminthic, ukubakhona kwezifo ezihamba, uxhathiso lilonke umzimba, umgangatho nobungakanani ukutya ziphele.

Kuba aneziporo diphyllobothriasis kakhulu myelosis kweempawu lubonakaliswa waphula umthetho uvakalelo olunzulu, ubuthathaka umlenze, paresthesia luzizi. Kwezinye izigulane, isikhumba kuvela irhashalala komzimba (izigxala), ukunyuka kule mali kwesibindi kunye udakada. Kwiimeko ezinqabe fixed epileptoformnye (umoya) ukuxhuzula, antsi ke imilenze, ehamba engazinzanga. Zizo ezo bothriocephaliasis uneempawu ezinzulu kunye nonyango lwesi sifo kufuneka uqale ngoko nangoko emva kokuxilongwa. Ubude Long diphyllobothriosis ibangela ileus.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba bothriocephaliasis, ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu apho iqanjwa ababakhe uluhlu onomtsalane izifo uye efukamileyo ngokupheleleyo (nazimpawu) ukuba isifo apho usulelo eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa kuphela kokufunyanwa sisidleleli endleni iziqwenga.

isifo diphyllobothriasis

Isiseko uxilongo "bothriocephaliasis man" le izikhalazo nomonde ehambisana iinkcukacha zophando elebhu. isifo okusolwayo unako ukukhonza eosinophilia egazini (ukuba ihlaselwe yakutshanje), kunye thrombocytopenia kunye leukopenia, izinga erythrocyte neentlenge ephakamileyo kunye nezinye hyperchromic. A phawu uphawu esi sifo ukuchwetheza hematopoiesis megaloblastic. Uhlalutyo lubonisa inani elikhulu iintlobo oselula erythrocytes (megaloblasts, normoblasts, polychromatophilia, poikilocytes njl). A indima enkulu uxilongo udlala imbali epidemiological: izibakala isiguli ukuba ahlale kule ndawo ikho, ukutya intlanzi yamanzi ekrwada okanye ngetyuwa ngokwaneleyo caviar. Kodwa Uhlalutyo lokugqibela ibekwa kuphela xa Uhlalutyo isitulo yomguli ibonisa ukuba iqulethe amaqanda okanye iinxalenye tapeworm ebanzi.

Kukho iimeko apho ngayo izigulane, waphawula ukuba siyinxalenye yeyona parasite endleni zabo.

Kubalulekile ukuba xanisa anaemia Addison-Birmera kunye bothriocephaliasis, ezo iimpawu ezifana kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyalo imixholo esiswini ngenxa yobukho factor Castle anemia ndingekho.

Diphyllobothriasis: unyango

Ukuba umntu efunyaniswe ene unyango "bothriocephaliasis" ikhutshwa phandle ngoko nangoko esibhedlele. Xa igazi ngaphambi iinkqubo kakhulu vyvedeniiyu helminth ivithamini abayabelwe rate (B12, folic acid, intsimbi). Vitamin B12 ilawulwa njengoko kwizitofu intramuscular ka 200-500 mg-2 okanye ka-3 ngeveki. Ubude ivithamin unyango ziintsuku ezingama-30.

Kuba degelmentizatsii basebenzisa iziyobisi ezifana "biltricid", "Praziquantel", "Niclosamide" okanye "Azinoks". "Fenasal" ichiza inokusetyenziswa ukususa sisidleleli. Yonke imithi tapeworm ngomlomo yaye kunempembelelo ezikhubazayo of helminth. Ngenxa yoko, le amaphelo ulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukuba igcinwe ngaphakathi emathunjini nangaphandle. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngeli umkhondo, ukuba tapeworm kwaphuma ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo sokugqibela ukuze yokuhlanjululwa enema kwesisu.

Nokulunga nyango isiyobisi malunga ne-95%, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ileus ezintsonkothileyo, degelmentizatsiya eyenziwa intsumpa. Izigulane unesifo "bothriocephaliasis", nto leyo uye waphathwa ngempumelelo uqhubeka dehelminthization inyathelo xa kujongwa lemithi kunye ngokuthatha uhlalutyo yenyanga ilindle iinyanga ezintandathu.

amayeza abantu

Xa amayeza abantu ukuba ukugxothwa ziimpethu ukuba ngokwesithethe kusetyenziswa imbewu ithanga kunye decoction kubo. imbewu ithanga, ekrwada okanye ezomisiweyo, triturated ngamanzi kunye nobusi kwaye uthabathe inxaxheba mali ka-300 g. ngokuzila portionwise ngaphezu kweyure. Le ndlela uyasokola ngokugqibeleleyo kunye umba ofana bothriocephaliasis yabantu. Ukuphonononga ye degelmentizatsii ngempumelelo besebenzisa iimbewu ithanga kuvumela ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yale ndlela.

Ukudla, Nutrition

Ngexesha unyango, isigulane kufuneka zithobele diphyllobothriasis zingawucongi ukudla oko akubandakanyi ukutya ukubacaphukisa ukuba inwebu kwiinwebu yintshukumo kodonga emathunjini. Advantageously ngokufakwa zokutya lokudla ezinomthamo ephakamileyo vitamin B12, kwaye folic acid.

Ingakumbi kubantwana

Ziintshulube abantwana bathunyelwa iimpawu nzima kakhulu kwegazi kunye vitamin kwentswelo kwizigulane abaselula wabonisa ngokucacileyo.

Prevention diphyllobothriasis

Ukuba - umthandi iintlanzi amatsha kwaye bahlala kwiindawo ezisemantla kufutshane imizimba yamanzi, ukuze ibambeke kwi hook esi sifo krakra njengoko bothriocephaliasis umntu, ukuthintela ukuba angaba ulawulo bakho lobomi №1.

Ukunqanda ukusuleleka diphyllobothriasis adle intlanzi amanzi kakuhle kuphela kuphekwe, kwakunye caviar wayo kwizinga eliphezulu ngetyuwa kuphela. Kuyimfuneko ukuba elandela imigaqo yococeko xa iintlanzi ukusika kunye zokupheka kulo.

Kufuneka bazi ukuba xa Zasole iintlanzi, kuxhomekeke xi ityuwa, Imibungu kufa kwiintsuku nje emva 2-7. amaqanda helminth ngexesha amathole brining kufa kwisithuba kangangesiqingatha seyure kwi-10% iqhekeza ubunzima yetyuwa ngokunxulumene nobunzima amaqanda. Ukuba ityuwa yi-5%, imveliso uba ekhuselekileyo ukutya iiyure angenako ngaphambi kwe-6, kwi-3% - hayi ngaphambi kwe emveni kweentsuku ezimbini.

helminth ezidla nazo wabulawa phantsi ngumkhenkce olunzulu (iintsuku 2-4 kwi -18 ° C, kwiveki omnye lobushushu -6 ° C).

Xa lokufunyaniswa isigulane, kunyanzelekile ukuba ukuhlola onke amalungu entsapho yakhe, kuba kulo mzekelo kwabo basengozini.

isikali jikelele enye ukwenzela ukunciphisa amathuba osulelo kufuneka ipesenti esezantsi iziphathi esiPhakathi amadama ngokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukumpompoza ilindle emachibini nasemilanjeni, nokuqinisekisa esweni ucoceko inkqubo, kwakunye nemeko ngokubanzi konxweme, iilwandle kunye neemveliso zentlanzi engena amashishini ukutya kushishino kunye neevenkile. Kufuneka esweni ngenyameko kumaziko anjalo isifo isahlakalo semvelo njengoko bothriocephaliasis iimpawu. Treatment kunye isiqinisekiso uxilongo kufuneka uqale ngoko nangoko kwaye netsheki olusisinyanzelo onke amalungu entsapho ubukho usulelo.

Ingakumbi ukhulelwe kwaye phindeke

ohlaselo ekumfimfitheni, - oko kukuthi, kusekho vitamin kunye nezinye xa iluphawu ingozi enkulu kwimpilo elizayo kamama, nangenxa Palsy. abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka silumke ngakumbi, ukutya intlanzi kunye caviar. Kubalulekile ukuba kuphoswa imiqondiso yokuqala sifo ezifana nesifo iintlanzi tapeworm, iimpawu ongayi ngokulula ngokuphosakeleyo iimpawu yetyhefu (yokukhulelwa), yaye ngokukhawuleza kufuna ezalatha nokuvavanywa kweelebhu njengesihlalo ubukho namaqanda mpethu kuyo.

Unyango zesi sifo abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ikhutshwa phandle, ekhuselekileyo ukwenzela impilo yomntwana olungekazalwa. Ngoko ke, ngokuba degelmentizatsii abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye phindeke musa amisele iziyobisi ezifana 'biltricid "kwaye usebenzise i intsomi iyeza ekhuselekileyo - imbewu ithanga. Kwezinye iimeko, nabanyisayo unesifo "bothriocephaliasis man" unyango isincomo ukuvelisa indlela ayayamkela amayeza standard diphyllobothriasis kwaye grudnichka kudluliselwa ibhotile ukutya.