Uqoqosho esembindini - yintoni na le nto?

Yintoni na uqoqosho kwindawo enye? Ngako oko, ukuba umntu akazi ukuba igama leyesibini kwenkqubo yoqoqosho ecwangcisiweyo. Ziziphi iimpawu zikhona? Njani na intsebenziswano kwenkqubo ngokwawo? Ezi kunye nezinye imiba eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

ulwazi jikelele

isembindini isicwangciso sisiseko nayiphi na into eyenzekayo ekunikeni umntu okanye iqela kwaye ijolise ekuphumezeni injongo ethile. Ngenxa eziliqela iifitsha kule mzekelo sabelana micro-level kunye macro-level. Kwimeko yokuqala libhekisela ucwangciso kwinqanaba lweshishini elo. Kwinqanaba macro, le nkqubo sele isenzeka kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ezi iintlobo ezimbini uhlobo olunye okanye omnye inokufumaneka na kuqoqosho. Kodwa ke isikali kunye nokubaluleka yahluka kuthotho omkhulu. Ngeli thuba ixesha nesicwangciso ethandwayo kwinqanaba lweshishini elo. Oku kungenxa yokuba Bulelani kuye, sinokulindela iindleko elizayo kunye kwemali, bonisa iindleko elisondeleyo imveliso, kwakunye ukumisela elungeleleneyo kumjikelo wemveliso. Kodwa kuthi Inqaku inika umdla mkhulu ke ndawonye uqoqosho. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuza egameni lizwe.

Inkqubo oluyintloko kuqoqosho: iziseko theoretical

Eyona idumileyo apha indlela intsebenziswano, nto leyo eSoviet Union. Kodwa njani lamiswa? Iziseko enzululwazi esabekwa Vilfredo Pareto, Friedrich von Wieser kunye Enrique Baron. Baye wabonisa ukuba uqoqosho ecwangcisiweyo apho kukho ulawulo ndawonye kwimveliso kunye namaxabiso, ungakwazi ukuthatha ingqalelo iimfuno ezahlukeneyo umntu kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukusekwa kuvuselele phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno. Ngenxa yemigudu izazinzulu babesebenzisa apha ngasentla uKarl Marx kunye Friedrich Engels. Bathi wabhengeza ukuba uqoqosho ecwangcisiweyo yeyona mpumelelo inkulu, kwaye ngexesha elinye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kuluntu yali. Zezona yesibini kunye Vladimir Lenin. Ukuphunyezwa esebenzayo kuphuhliso theoretical component baqalisa ukuba kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iiBolsheviks weza ngamandla. Kodwa le nkqubo phambi kokuba senziwe iimpawu zalo ezisisiseko yathatha amashumi eminyaka.

Ukwenziwa kuqoqosho esembindini kulo mzekelo yiSoviet Union

Kwase le nkqubo sele limiselwe ngoDisemba 1917, iBhunga Economic Ephakamileyo. Yena waba ngowokuqala ejongene nolungelelwaniso kunye nomzimba izicwangciso. Kodwa ke impumelelo ngokwenene omkhulu-scale nokudalwa kombane. Ukuba yazi nge amaxwebhu yobugcisa wena, ngokuba baninzi uya kufumanisa ukuba esi sicwangciso nje kuphela ukulungiselela uphuhliso kagesi, kodwa kwakhona ishishini yonke zombane. Xa umbane okufanayo isinyathelo Vladimir nguLenin ngo 1921 sidale iKomishoni yoCwangciso State, phakathi izihlwele ebanzi eyaziwa ngokuba Gosplan. umsebenzi wakhe ukuba ngokutsha nokwamkelwa kwezicwangciso zophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe. Ngcembe bakha isiseko le nguqu. Yaye ngowe-1927 kwagqitywa ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sophuhliso seminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, leyo ijoliswe kuqoqosho eSoviet Union. model eyakhiwe mercilessly wagxeka ngenxa yokunqongophala kwi '80s kunye' emva 90. Kodwa ke makhe ukubekela bucala icandelo kwezopolitiko size sibone oko uqoqosho karhulumente enye ukusuka ngamehlo izinto ezenziwayo.

buhle

Zibalulekile kakhulu yaye lifanelwe attention:

1. Kukho eliphezulu izinga lokukhula koqoqosho.
2. uphuhliso elungelelanisiweyo bakulindele karhulumente.
3. Abemi zinikwa imfundo simahla kunye namayeza.
4. Isindululo le ngongoma lizama kunye nemfuno.
5. Hle nokusombulula iingxaki kwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi.
6. abazizibonelelo azisetyenziswa kakuhle, nangona kulinganiselwe.
7. Akanalo ezinye iintlobo iindleko zemveliso kunye ntengiselwano.
8. Ezixhaswayo bubukho uluhlu ngokupheleleyo iimveliso.
9. Abemi 'ithemba ngekamva kwilizwe labo.
10. Uqoqosho ingagcinwa kwakhona ngokukhawuleza bazilungiselela ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

ukushiyeka

Bekuya kuba ephosakeleyo xa kugxininiswa kuphela iingenelo. Ngapha koko, abantu amaphutha ayikwazanga ukuthintelwa:

1. inkqubo yoqoqosho Ziqinile kunye zangaphakathi kakhulu.
2. Iyalibala zokujongana nemiba ngesiquphe asakhasayo, ngokunjalo baba le asabela utshintsho kwemfuneko uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso loxolo.
3. Ukuba ukonakaliswa nkqubo ukusuka olungabantu izandla eninzi imali. Oko kukhatshwa kukungabi unikezelo ngomhla yokurhweba amaqela athile okanye iintlobo kwempahla.
4. Ubukho a sama enkulu.
5. Uyondelelwano lwee- samandla ezandleni umntu omnye okanye iqela elincinane.
6. Xa yempatho akudali iimeko ukuze kwakhiwe self-umdla kumashishini oluntu ukuba ukusebenza ngokukuko ukunikezela iimveliso ezisemgangathweni (okanye iinkonzo).

iimpawu

Thina iimpawu ezingundoqo ukuba uqoqosho embindini ezicwangcisiweyo. Le rhwebo ngoku ziya kuqwalaselwa ngeenjongo uthelekiso. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile kuqala phawula ukuxhaphaka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo impahla. Ngoko ke, lo isicwangciso akukhethi ukuba umntu waba indlela kwimveliso. Kodwa ngaphantsi izando kakuhle ngaphambili, isandla-omashini njalo njalo. Esebenzisa ukufana ne langoku, apha ungadibanisa ngakumbi-yaye 3D-abashicileli. Nakuba kuqoqosho kwimarike, ubuninzi bezinto zokuvelisa na ezandleni capital zabucala. Kakade ke, ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe ukwenza ingxaki enkulu-isikali, yinto embi. Ngenxa de imithombo soberosh ekucwangciseni ixesha elixabisekileyo bonke kulahlekileyo. Ngexesha kukuzinza meko yahluke kakhulu. Kodwa apha kukho iingozi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuthathwe ukuphepha naluphi na ulawulo oluya unganciphisa zonke isiselo ngaphandle abathengi. Oko kukuthi, apha, kananjalo, uhlengahlengiso ebonakalayo ekhoyo, kodwa ubukhulu becala akukho oqaphelekayo kakhulu kwaye umlinganiswa kukho ungenelelo ngqo. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba rhwebo - eyodwa? Ewe, nokuba njani! Ngokomzekelo, France. Apha, nangona kungekho nokucwangcisa isimbo yiSoviet, kodwa eziqulunqile izicwangciso zalo nyaka emihlanu, apho zinika isicwangciso sophuhliso eqhelekileyo.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, uqoqosho esembindini - umba kunokuba impikiswano zenzululwazi kwezoqoqosho. Xa kukho ulawulo olulungileyo kunye noqeqesho olusemgangathweni, oko kubonisa nemiphumo emihle. Kunye nophuhliso sezobuntlola ngumntu, iinkqubo imishini kunye esizisebenzelayo iinkqubo zemveliso unika emhlabeni ukuze kuthi ukuba uqoqosho esembindini - kodwa ikamva loluntu. baleka nje oko akuyi kuba thina, kwaye iikhompyutha ukuba programmed ukuphucula ubuninzi nchavelelo ophilileyo.