Umxholo njengendidi yefilosofi: iinjongo, izinto eziphathekayo nezinto eziphathekayo kunye neendlela eziphathekayo

Inqaku njengeqela lefilosofi liye linomdla kubalingisi ukususela ngeli xesha i-Plato yazisa ngayo le ngcamango kwindlela yokusebenzisa. Umbhali wegama elichasene "neengcamango" zakhe, egxininisa ukuphazamiseka kwesigxina kunye nokungaziphathi kakuhle kwale mva ngokuchasene nokungahambisani nokungafani - kwiimpawu zengxaki. Zizo ezo zakhiwo ezakhiwe kamva kwiifom zengxaki, oko kukuthi, ixesha, indawo kunye nokunyakaza.

Imbango njengendidi yefilosofi enye yeengcamango ezisisiseko malunga nayiphi na ingqiqo. Kukho iindlela eziphambili zokwenza umxholo walo: izinto eziphathekayo, izinto eziphathekayo kunye neengqiqo.

Indlela yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo yinkqutyana yeengcamango ezisekelwe kwisisombululo sombuzo osisiseko sefilosofi yinto ephambili: umbandela okanye ukuqonda, ukuthanda okokuqala. Ngokutsho kwezinto eziphathekayo, izinto kunye nemeko yimiqondo ecaleni kwesazisi, kwaye umba ukufumaneka, ukunyaniseka kokuba. Ezi zijikelezileyo ziifom kuphela, zichaza izinto. Oku kubandakanya imibono, abantu, nayiphi na indlela yentlangano yentlalo. Ngokutsho kwezinto eziphathekayo ezibonakalayo, umbandela unenjongo kwaye uzimelele ngokuqonda komntu.

Indlela yezinto eziphathekayo iye yaxhaphaka kwihlabathi lanamhlanje: yayisisiseko seengcamango zeMarxist kwaye saba yinto ebalulekileyo yokufunda iimbono zenzululwazi zendalo, kuba enye yezona zinto eziphambili zeendlela ezikhoyo ziyimigaqo yenkcazelo yehlabathi ngokufunda iipropati, ukudibanisa kunye neendlela zengxaki.

Iingcamango ezinengcamango zivakalisa ukubaluleka komoya. Nangona kunjalo, izikhundla zabaxhasayo kule ndlela azifani. Ukwahlukana kwakhiwa ezimbini iindlela zokufunda: injongo kunye nokuzimela.

Isikhundla-iinjongo zengcamango kukubaluleka kokubaluleka komoya opheleleyo kunye nomoya. Umxholo njengendidi yefilosofi, ngokwemigqaliselo-enjongo, yinto yesiqhelo semveliso, imveliso yomoya opheleleyo.

Ummeli ocacileyo wale ndlela yiGVF. Hegel. Kwi "Phenomenology kaMoya," inkqubo yokunyuka kweengcamango yolwazi olupheleleyo ichazwa: indlela ephezulu yeyona ngcamango ingumoya opheleleyo apho igalelo liba khona, liphumelele ukufezekiswa ngokwazi.

Iinjongo ezicwangcisekileyo ziyingcamango ethile yobudlelwane phakathi kweendidi "umbandela" kunye "nokuqonda." Ngokwale ndlela, umba awukho ngokucacileyo, umzekeliso weengcinga zabantu.

I-Positivists ikwabelana ngesimo sabancedi beendlela ezizimeleyo-inqobo kwinqanaba lokukhanyela ukubakho komcimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ingxabano enkulu yale nkcazo yombono we- agnostic: inyaniso yemeko yenkcazelo ayikwazi ukubonakaliswa nokuphandwa yindlela yokulinga, ngoko, ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa ukuba ikhona.

Umxholo njengengingqi yefilosofi iye yahlala kwaye ihlala ingumxholo weengxoxo eziqhubekayo zama -ororiya kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Namhlanje, ngexesha leenkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, umntu usebenza ngokufanelekileyo, isimo sengqondo sokwandisa umthamo wokusetyenziswa kwempahla kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weenkonzo ezibonelelwe. Inkqubela ayinakwenzeka xa singabandakanyi ithuba lokukwazi ihlabathi. Ngoko indlela yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo ichaza ixabiso, kwaye ixabiso elihlakulelwe uluntu lenza isimo sengqondo sefilosofi sininzi.