Umthetho wobugebengu ngexesha

Ukusebenza komthetho wobugebengu ngexesha liqule iinkalo eziliqela. Ngokukodwa, ba ndakanya:

1. Ukungena ukusebenza.
2. Ixesha lokwenza isenzo esingekho mthethweni.
3. Ukulahlekelwa komthetho.
4. Yenza isenzo.

Ummiselo wokungena usetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kwesenzo somthetho wesigqeba ngendlela efanelekileyo. Lo msebenzi womthetho wobugebengu ngokukhawuleza unikezela ukuba izenzo ezisemthethweni zipapashwe ngokusemthethweni kwintsimi yaseRashiya. Ipapasho olusemthethweni luquka imibandela eyenziwe yi-State Duma kwifom yokugqibela kwaye isayinwe yintloko yelizwe. Umthetho upapashwa kwisithuba seveki emva kokuba usayinwe nguMongameli, kwaye ukungena ukusebenza kwenzeka emva kweentsuku ezilishumi emva kokupapashwa kwimiqulu esemthethweni.

Kukho umgaqo wendlela engavamile. Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa komthetho wobugebengu ngexesha, kubonakaliswe ukungena kwawo, kungancitshiswa okanye kwandiswe. Ngoko, umzekelo, ngexesha lohlaziyo lomthetho, ezininzi izenzo eziqhelekileyo zathola amandla omthetho ngokukhawuleza emva kokupapashwa kwazo. Ngethuba elifanayo, ngenxa yezenzo ezinkulu, ngezinye iimeko, ixesha elide libekwe ixesha elide.

Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kuthetha ukuba umthetho wobugebengu unqanyulwa ngexesha. Nangona kunjalo, imimiselo yayo ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwiintyala eziye zavela emva koko. Inkolelo yomthetho ophantsi kokuqwalasela ibonelela ukulahlekelwa ngumthetho wamthetho ngokomthetho amabini. Ngoko, isenzo sinokukhanselwa okanye sitshintshiwe (empeleni sikhoxisiwe).

Ukutshintshwa kubandakanya ukuthotyelwa kwesenzo esitsha esiqinisekisa ukulawulwa kobudlelwane obunye bezentlalo njengangaphambili. Ngelo xesha, umthetho wezophulo-mthetho awuchithwa ngokusemthethweni ngelixesha ngesenzo esitsha . Kwezinye iimeko akulula ukukhetha ukuba yeyiphi imimiselo ayifanelekanga, kwaye ingaba kukho nayiphi na ilahleko. Le meko inokubangela ukuba kuqhube iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kule nkalo, umthetho wobugebengu ngaphezu kwamanye amashishini, ukhetha ukukhanselwa kwesenzo.

Ukukhanselwa kwenzeka kwiimeko xa isenzo sichithwa ngumzimba karhulumente ofanelekileyo. Le meko isetyenziswe kwisenzo ngale ndlela zilandelayo:

1. Ukupapashwa komthetho ozimeleyo. Uwasusa amandla ophelileyo.
2. Ukupapashwa kwoluhlu lwezenzo eziye zalahlekelwa amandla ngokusungulwa komntu omtsha.
3. Isibonakaliso sokukhanselwa komthetho omtsha, ukutshintsha ixesha elidlulileyo.
4. Isiboniso kumalungiselelo okulungisa umyalelo wokuqalisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo esitsha.

Iimpawu zomthetho wobugebengu zibonelela ngemigaqo ekhethekileyo yokusebenza kwayo. Ngoko ke, banikezela ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi, i-ultraactivity, i-retroactivity.

Isenzo sangoko sinika ukongezwa kokubonelela ngezenzo eziye zavela emva kokungena kwayo. Lo msebenzi wesenzo uyinto eqhelekileyo, eqhelekileyo, isiseko.

Xa ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa ngethuba lomthetho wangaphambili, nangona lilahlekelwe amandla alo ngexesha lokuhlawulwa, ukuqaliswa kwecala okanye ukugwetywa, imimiselo yalo mthetho, yangaphambili, ifake isicelo kumenzi wesono. Ngaloo ndlela, isenzo esidala ngandlela-thile "amava" ngexesha elinikezelweyo.

Ukubuyiswa komsebenzi kukusasazwa komthetho omtsha okanye ukubonelelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho oluye lwaqala ngaphambi kokuba luqalise ukusebenza. Ngexesha elifanayo isenzo esilungisa ubugebengu besenzo, ukwandisa umlinganiselo wesigwebo okanye ngenye indlela ibuhlungu ngakumbi imeko yommi, awunayo impembelelo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho ezimbini iintlobo zesenzo esichaphazelekayo: ukuhlaziya nokulula. Ukugqibela kwabo kukusasazeka kwabasandul 'ukutshatyalaliswa, ngokukhawuleza benze isenzo kwizonyango apho ingagwebi khona isigwebo . Ukuhlaziywa kwamanyathelo okutshintshwa kwelo xesha kulandiswa komthetho osanda kuthotyelwa kwizigqibo eziye zaqala ukusebenza.