I-St. Petersburg, iindiyetha: ukuphononongwa, ukuphononongwa kunye nembali. Iingingqi ezibalaseleyo zeSt. Petersburg

I-St. Petersburg ingabizwa ngokukhuselekileyo yenye yezona zixeko ezihle kakhulu kwihlabathi. Yimyuziyam enkulu evulekile-engabikho isakhiwo, imbali yamandla amakhulu. Zingaphi iziganeko eziyingozi ezenzeka ezitalatweni zale sixeko! Zingaphi izinto zobugcisa obuhle zenziwe apha!

Isixeko esisodwa

I-St Petersburg ephezulu kakhulu - iithala, iminyuziyamu, izikhumbuzo, izakhiwo zembali - yonke into iya kuza phambi kwamehlo akho. Apha, nayiphi na ingqiqo izakufumana ukutya kwengqondo, kwaye i-esthete iya kuphazamisa iingqondo. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto zokuzonwabisa ezithandwa yiSt. Petersburg, iindawo zokuzonwabisa ziphakathi kwezinye ezithandwa kakhulu. Kukho ezininzi (ngaphezulu kwe-100). Ngezantsi uhambo oluya kwiinqaba ezidumileyo zezobugcisa.

I-Mariinsky Theater

I-St. Petersburg ingamelwa nje kuphela yiHermitage, i-cruiser i-Aurora, kodwa yi-theater eyaziwayo kakhulu eRussia-i-Mariinsky Theater. Iyakwazi ngokukhuseleka kuthiwa ngumqondiso wesithethe saseRashiya. Imbali yakhe iholele ukususela ngo-1783. Ukhokho we-Mariinsky Theatre yi-Theater Stone, eyakhiwa ngumyalelo we-Empress Catherine II.

UArenti Rinaldi (umakhi waseItaly) wadala ubugcisa bobugcisa obuye bayihlobisa i-Horse Square. Kule sakhiwo kwakukho imisebenzi yomculo kunye neentsebenzo ezimangalisayo zeRashiya kuphela, kodwa kunye nabaculi baseItali.

Ngowe-1802, ukubonakala kwendibano yaseshashalazini kwathokoza inguqu kumculi uTom de Tomon. Kodwa ngo-1810 woNyaka omtsha wabulala, kwaqhambuka umlilo kwisakhiwo, esitshabalalisa yonke into emangalisayo yokuhlobisa ingaphakathi. Kwiminyaka eyisixhenxe emva koko isakhiwo esilungisiwe savula kwakhona iingcango zayo kubalandeli bezobugcisa.

Inyaniso yembali

I-Bolshoi (Kamenny) Itheyaterari inxulumene ngqo ne-Mariinsky Theater. Inyaniso kukuba i-Big yayingomnye wezinto ezilungileyo kakhulu kwisixeko. Abahloniphekileyo babenokholo lokuya kwindawo yokudlala. Kwaye uMariinsky wabonakala kuphela ngo-1859. Igama le midlalo lalihlonipha umfazi kaTsar Alexander II-Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Isakhiwo sakhiwe ngumakhi waseAlberto Kavos esecaleni kweTheyetha yeTywala. Isandi esilumkileyo sezwi kwinqanaba lale midlalo yenziwa ngokubonga ngokuqhekeza kwe-crystal ephukile, elele phantsi komgangatho wecandelo eliphambili.

IBolshoi Theater

ISt. Petersburg idume ngenye indawo ebalaseleyo - i-Greater Drama ebizwa ngokuba yi-GA Tovstonogov. Yadalwa ngowe-1919. Abaphefumlelwe ngokukhawuleza babenguBlok, uGorky, Andreeva. Le midlalo yayithathwe njengento ephakamileyo kunye nekhulu. Kwinqanaba layo kwakufuneka kubekho imigca emancinci. I-ideologist ephambili yayiyi-Maxim Gorky, kwaye usihlalo wencwadi ngu-Alexander Blok. Wahlala kwindawo yokwakhiwa kweMaly Theater, ekugqibeleni umlambo wasePrankanka, apho kusekhona.

Nyathela phambili

Ixesha elitsha le midlalo libizwa ngokuba yi-middle-fifties yekhulu le-20 (emva kokufika kweTovstonogov). Wathatha iqela labadlali abanetalente. Kwinqanaba leBolshoi, abaninzi abadlali abadumileyo baqala, njengoSmoktunovsky, uDoronin, uYursky, uBaslashvili nabanye abaninzi. Ngowe-1964, le midlalo yanikwa i-status ye-academic.

Emva kokufa kobugcisa obuphambili umqondisi uGeorgy Tovstonogov, uK. Yu. ULavrov wamiselwa kulo msebenzi. Kwinqanaba leBolshoi, imidlalo iqhutywe kwimisebenzi yaseRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Le midlalo iyathandwa kakhulu kwiRashiya kuphela, kodwa iphinda ingaphaya kwemida yayo. Ngomzi oqaqambileyo njengoSt. Petersburg, iindawo zokudlala iiparari zelifa lemveli.

I dilesi

Umbono weNdlu yeSigqeba seNkcubeko. Maxim Gorky - pl. Stachek, njl. 4. Umboniso omtsha weBDT. UGeorge A. Tovstonogov (Kamennoostrovsky Theatre) - isikwere se-Old Theater, 13.

Small Drama Theatre

Kwasungulwa ngowe-1944. Ngezo zihlandlo ezilukhuni, zonke iitrafti zazisuswa, kodwa ubomi beqhubeka, abantu babefuna ukuphazamiseka ngandlela-thile kwizinto eziphazamisayo zemfazwe. Ngoko, phantsi kwesigqibo sekomiti elawulayo yesithili, i-troupe yadalwa, eyanikela imisebenzi eLeningrad nakwiidolophana ezikufutshane. Kwakungekho nendawo yokuhlala ngokusisigxina, akukho nxalenye ecacileyo phakathi kwabadlali, kodwa i-theater yayiyimpumelelo. Emva kwemfazwe, xa iithenesi ezidumileyo zabuyela ekhaya, zikhohliwe ngeTheatre Drama yeTheshana ngandlela-thile. Kwaye kwaqhubekela phambili kwada kwaqala kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe. Kodwa ngowe-1973 umlawuli oyintloko wecandelo lezemidlalo wayeyi-Efim Padve, umfundi weG. Tovstonogov, owamema abalawuli abancinci kunye nemidlalo yokudlala edumile.

Kancinci, i-Small Dramatic Theater (iSt. Petersburg) yaqala ukuthandwa ngabantu basekuhlaleni. Ngomsebenzi ngamnye, iindwendwe zanda ngakumbi, kwaye i-theatre ngokwayo yaba yindawo eyintandokazi kuphela kubahlali bemizi besixeko, kodwa nakwiindwendwe ze-capital. Kungekudala bafunda ngeYurophu. Enye yemisebenzi yokuqala phantsi kobunkokheli obutsha yayisisigxina somlawuli omncinci kodwa onamandla kakhulu u-Lev Dodin "I-Robber" esekelwe kwiK.Chapek. Lo msebenzi awukhawulezi nje ukukhangela ababukeli kuphela, kodwa nabagxeki. Bobabini kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zanikezela iziphumo ezilungileyo. Isigqibo esingaqhelekanga somveliso kunye nokuqala kwesigcaziso sesilwimi asizange sishiye abalandeli abangabandakanyekanga bobugcisa obuphezulu.

Emva koko kwavela enye, imisebenzi engekho ngaphantsi kweyomlawuli - "Live kwaye ukhumbule", "Tattooed Rose", "Destination". Ngo-1980, abaphulaphuli banikwe umdlalo "iNdlu" esekelwe kwincwadi kaFr. Abramov. Lo mveliso wawungumcimbi wenene kungekhona kuphela kwiMaty Drama Theatre, kodwa kwimeko yokuphila yaseSt. Petersburg. Umdlalo "iNdlu" yayisisigxina kwisiteyimu semidlalo iminyaka elishumi, kwaye kuphela ukufa komntu oyintloko ophazamisekile ubomi balo msebenzi omangalisayo.

I-repertoire ye-midlalo inemveliso eninzi, kunye neqela labadlali abalingana nabantu abangama-50. Inyaniso yokuba ngowama-1998, ngesigqibo seNdibano Yonke yeManyano yeeYurophu zaseYurophu, wanikwa isikhundla se-Theatre yaseYurophu malunga nokudumela kakhulu kunye nokuqatshelwa kwehlabathi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iithala ezintathu kuphela ziphethe isihloko esinjalo ngeli xesha. Kule mini, umlawuli oyintloko wobugcisa nguLevi Dodin. Ngowe-1994 wanikezelwa uMyalelo weeNcwadi kunye nobugcisa besigxina segosa.

Abantu abavela kwihlabathi lonke bayavuya kakhulu kwiiMary Drama Theater. I-St. Petersburg iphinda iqinisekise kwakhona isimo sayo njengeziko lezithethe zehlabathi. Idilesi yeeTheatre. URubinstein, indlu 18.

Michailovsky Theater

Abathandi be-opera kufuneka batyelele iingingqi zemidlalo zaseSt. Petersburg. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, edume kakhulu nguMikhailovsky, owathola igama layo ngokuhlonipha uMkhulu uDuke Mikhail Pavlovich. Kucingelwa ukuba yiparele yaseSt. Petersburg kwaye yenye yeemidlalo ezintathu zengingqi (ezisentliziyweni yesixeko kwi-Arts Square).

Isakhiwo apho uMikhailovsky sakhiwe sakhiwa ngokweprojekthi yombumbi uAl Bryullov, umzalwana womdwebi owaziwayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba xa abemi bebona kuqala isakhiwo, badumala kakhulu. I-facade yayibheke kakhulu, incinci, ukuba ingekho ihlwempu. Kodwa le nto yayiyimbono yombhali. Bonke ubuqaqawuli wangenisa ngaphakathi kweso sakhiwo. Kulapho, umbukeli omangalisayo wavula indawo enhle. Ngaphakathi, yonke into yayiphakanyiswa kwi-velvet, ehlotshiswe ngesakhiwo kunye nezibuko. Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, le midlalo yayingenaso isigxina esingunaphakade. Kodwa ngoku uMikhailovsky unesigxina esinamandla, esithatha amava anjengeNacho Duato, uFarukh Razimatov, uVasily Bakhratov no-Elena Obraztsova. Idilesi yeTheatre - pl. UbuGcisa, d.1.

I-Saint-Petersburg State Puppet Theater yeTaley Story "KwiiGates zaseMoscow"

Iingingqi zezingane zaseSt. Petersburg ziya kukukholisa ababukeli abancinci, baninzi kulo mzi: i-Puppet theatre ", sidlala i-Fairy tale", i-Puppet Theater "I-Dog Stray", i-Children's Drama Theatre kwiNarva Gates nabanye abaninzi. Qinisekisa ukuba uqaphele iState Peterburg State State Puppet Fairy Tale "KwiSango laseMoscow." Iminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi anesibhozo uye wabanika ababukeli bakhe abancinci. Le midlalo yasungulwa ngexesha elibi kakhulu kwimbali yeso sixeko-ngo-1944. Ukukhutshwa kweLeningrad kwakusandul 'ukutsalwa. Kwaye oonyana ababesinda kulo lonke loloyiko bamele bafunde ngokutsha ukuhlala kunye nokholo kwimimangaliso. Abafazi abathathu abahle kakhulu-u-Olga Lyandzberg, u-Elena Gilodi, uCatherine Catherine Chernyak, babuyela kwisixeko esizingqingileyo, bathetha ngazo zonke iindleko zokubuyisela abantwana intsomi, ukukholelwa kwikamva eliqaqambileyo kunye nobomi obonwabileyo.

Kwaye ngoku abantwana kunye nabazali babo banemidlalo yamatye emangalisayo, baxhaswa ngabancinci bezobugcisa. Le midlalo yabonisa ukusebenza kwayo yokuqala kwinkundla yabamkeli abatsha ngo-1944. Kwangexesha elide isikhungo sasingenalo ikhaya elihlala isigxina, le nkampu ya khokela indlela yokuphila, nakuba, mhlawumbi, le nyaniso yayidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Lawa "magcisa ahlaselekileyo" ayaziwa kwaye ayathandwa kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union. Kwaye ngo-1986 abadlali bafumana ikhaya elihlala phantsi.

Ngexesha lomlando walo omdala, izinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo ziye zenziwa kwibala le midlalo, njenge "Nose yaseNtshonalanga", "i-Circus", "i-Mask Golden", "i-Humpbacked Horse" nabanye abaninzi. Kwaye namhlanje abadlali abanetalente babandakanyeka kwimveliso, apho yonke imihla ivuyisa abalandeli babo abancinci. Kwaye ngeMigqibelo kwimidlalo yokubukela abagadi abatsha zonke iindidi zeeklasi, apho abantwana bafunda ukudala ezobugcisa ezahlukeneyo. Ewe, ngeCawa wonke umntu unokufumana izifundo kwi-arts art. Qinisekisa ukutyelela kunye nentsapho yakho yemidlalo yokudlala. ISt. Petersburg yindawo yokubukela abantu abadala, kodwa kunye nabantwana. Idilesi yecandelo lezemidlalo yi-Moskovsky Avenue, 121.

Itheyetha yeComedy egama linguAkimov

Kwaye, ke, ukuba ufuna ukutyelela i-Comedy Theater, iSt. Petersburg iya kukunika ithuba elinjalo. Enye yeebhere ezidumiweyo igama likaAkimov. Imbali yale midlalo ityebile kakhulu, njengenene, nakweyiphi na e-St Petersburg. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo yangaphambili, iindibano ezininzi zentlawulelo zazifumaneka kumgangatho wesibini, ngaphezu kwezidlolikazi ze-Eliseev. Ngomnyaka we-1929, ezi zakhiwo zadluliselwa kwi-Satire Theater encinane, eyayilawulwa ngumqondisi uGutman. Kodwa iminyaka emibini kamva uSatir wayedibene neTheatre yeTheyibhile, apho amaqhubi ayenziwa khona, agxile kuphela kumdlali we-actress iGrovskaya.

Ngomnyaka we-1935, le midlalo yayiqhutywe ngumculi we-novice nomqondisi uAkimov Nikolai Pavlovich. Ukufika kwalowo ndoda kwafika imilambo yangempela yemidlalo, efana nemidlalo ehloniphekileyo njenge-"Stepanchikovo Village kunye nabemi Bakhe", "Le Ndlu Endala Iminyaka", "Akukho Mkhosi Wonyaka Omdala", kwaye ayiyi kuba neMfazwe yeTrojan "kunye nabanye abaninzi bebekwe esiteji. Idilesi yeTheatre - Nevsky Prospekt, 56.

Isiphelo

Ukucaphula, saphinda sitsho ukuba indawo yenkcubeko yaseRussia yiSt. Petersburg. Iingingqi, iimyuziyam, iiholo zokubonisa zibu bungqina bolu. I-St. Petersburg ingabizwa ngokuba yiziko laseRashiya. Kule dolophu, kukho konke ukungena kwiimbali kunye nobugcisa bexesha langoku. Iingingqi ze-satire, i-Puppet, iTheater Theater .... iSt. Petersburg-iMecca ngabantu abanomdla.