Prince Ivan Dolgoruky: amanqaku ngembali

Lisibekele ekwindla kusasa, Novemba 19, 1739 kwindawo yembutho umbindi Novgorod kwakukho isihlwele esikhulu. Wayefunyenwe emehlweni ezizayo ─ lo itheko ikhuphuke namnye ngaphandle owuthandayo owayesakuba loMlawuli Peter II, lo kanye onamandla onke Prince Ivan Dolgoruky. Ngexesha lokulawula uAnny Ioannovny abantu Russian owoyamaniswe kuyo babulawelwa wegazi, kodwa lo mzekelo okhethekileyo ─ ke igosa lakomkhulu, bahlukunyezwe kulindeleke quartering.

Inzala ezazifuna Prince

Prince Ivan Alekseevich Dolgoruky yeyendlu intsapho endala ezindilekileyo, yenye kwamasebe ezininzi abathetheli Obolensky. igama lakhe, yena kunye nentsapho yakhe zifanele ukhokho zawo ezifanayo ─ Prince Ivan Andreyevich Obolensky, lwafunyanwa kwinkulungwane XV ngenxa endlebeni yabo kakhulu isiqhulo ezibonisa Dolgoruky.

Abameli kule ntsapho zidla ekhankanywe amaxwebhu embali ngokunjalo izithethe eminyaka edlulileyo. Ngokukodwa, udaba ethandwayo egciniweyo sabhalwa ayiqinisekiswanga yi ibali elinye abafazi abaninzi Ivana Groznogo ─ Maria Dolgoruky.

Ubunyani lo mtshato ethandabuza kakhulu ukuba ixesha ukumkani onothando izihlandlo ezine, kunokuba iphelelwe wada ladlula kumda, ungazidubi ngexesha Charter zebandla.

Mhlawumbi, kule meko sithetha nje malunga concubinage elandelayo, nto leyo iyahambelana lenkolo Ivana Groznogo. Maria Dolgoruky, ngokutsho abaphandi, sisonke umlinganiswa etsomo kunokuba ngokwenene.

Ulutsha, ebanjwe e Warsaw

Ivan Dolgoruky - unyana omdala Prince Alekseya Grigorevicha Dolgorukogo - wazalwa ngo-1708 e Warsaw waza wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe kunye utatomkhulu wakhe kayise Gregory Fedorovich. imfundo yakhe unikwe kakuhle eyaziwayo ngelo xesha umbhali nomfundisi imvelaphi waseJamani Henry Fiku.

Noko ke, phezu kwayo yonke imigudu ukubethelela lo mfana kunye neqondo ukuqina ifanelwe imvelaphi yakhe, ngokukodwa ayikwazanga kuphumelela. Ivan ukhetha baba yokuziphatha ikhululekile okubi kakhulu ezazikhona ngoko entendelezweni Polish uKumkani Agasti II, apho yena amkelekileyo zijikeleziswe rhoqo. Ngowe-1723, ivanov yayisisihlandlo yokuqala eRashiya. Ngezantsi ngumfanekiso ngaye.

Omaziyo nokumkani elizayo

Ukuba uyakholwa iingxelo ababephila ngayo isimilo Prince Ivan Dolgoruky, isihlwele ngamagosa naye ngaloo minyaka na engaqhelekanga ukulunga kwentliziyo kunye nokukwazi ukuzuza abantu. Olu phawu yokugqibela ayikwazanga ngokuba mhlophe, sabonakala awaqhubana ngayo umzukulwana Peter I-Grand Duke Petrom Alekseevichem, emva koko waya phantsi igama uPetros II ukuya etroneni Russian. umfanekiso wakhe uvezwa ngezantsi.

Nangona umahluko yobudala ─ Ivan Dolgoruky eneminyaka esixhenxe ubudala i-Grand Duke, - phakathi kwiintsuku zokuqala kwamhla saqalisa ngumhlobo osenyongweni. Kungekudala baba isibini ndawonye lonke ukusela, yayeka kunye nothando nemicimbi.

Ukuqala umsebenzi lihle

Ngowe-1725, emva kokufa uPetros mna ukulawula ngumfazi wakhe, uCatherine I, Prince Dolgoruky wafumana isikhundla ngodaba wenkundla-ibhaso ngembasa xa umhlobo wakhe. Kodwa ke ukunyuka yokwenene umsebenzi wakhe kwalandelwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva, xa Grand Duke Peter A. ahlala namntu emva kokufa uCatherine I itrone yaye isithsaba njengoko Umlawuli Peter II.

Nkqu ebukumkanini uCatherine I yemigudu kwinkundla yempembelelo Prince Ivan Dolgoruky angabi sazikhathaza kakhulu malunga ozithandayo owayesakuba Peter I A. D. Menshikov, lowo ngelo xesha ogane intombi yakhe uMariya ukuya umlawuli oselula. Noko ke, benza amalinge ukususa umdlali welinye icala kwesihloko aluphumelelanga.

Ngaphezu koko, uPetros Spinnin ekungqungqeni okokoko iintsizi, ngokufuthi amalungiselelo kuluntu balo ubuhle-anti Elizabeth (uKumkanikazi elizayo) kunye manenekazi mhle, Prince Ivan wabona umhlobo wakhe ukuba ukulibala malunga Menshikov umtshakazi ebekwe. Kulo mzekelo, oku ubuhlakani kakhulu engaganiweyo ukuba udade wabo uCatherine.

Yintandane young wethamsanqa

Ngowe-1728, A. D. Menshikov, ixhoba oliqhophololo wenkundla, bawela lihlazo, yaye le ntsapho iyonke eBha- yokuqala Rannenburg, uze emva koko kude ngakumbi ─ kwidolophu eSiberia encinane Beryozovo, apho wafela kungekudala. Ukususela ngelo xesha, indawo yakhe kwetrone ngokuqinileyo wathabatha intsapho Dolgoruky, bonwabela impembelelo mda phezu umlawuli ngenxa kwindawo yayo Ivan, kwakunye umtshato elizayo kulindeleke.

Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, yonke inkundla, eshiya ikomkhulu elitsha, wafudukela eMoscow, kunye nayo, edlula Dolgoruky. Young Prince Ivan, waba othandwayo yoMlawuli, akanikwa zonke uthanda ivele. Eko yakhe yokuqala waba Jikelele elihamba, ithenwa oyintloko Imperial weNkundla, uMajor Guards Life webutho, kunye knight eliphezulu iimbasa ezimbini karhulumente.

Iimpawu ezintsha umlinganiswa kwenene

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ukutshintsha njani eli xesha, umlinganiswa Ivana Dolgorukogo, unako kugwetywa ngokusekelwe memoirs yokuba ngumhlali iSpanish kwinkundla uPetros II, Duc de Liria. Yena, ingakumbi, uthi iimpawu eziphambili kumthetheli ngelo xesha baqalisa nokukratsha, ikratshi, nto leyo xa engekho yemfundo, ubukrelekrele kunye nengqiqo wenza wadibana naye kwiimeko ezingemnandi kakhulu.

Noko ke, iNkosana ithi nangona oku ngokufuthi wabonisa kukho iimpawu zobubele. Kuthambekela eziphambili Prince uyibiza uthando iwayini kunye nabasetyhini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngonozakuzaku ichaza uluvo lwakhe kuphela, kodwa ngokomthetho ulwazi ndimazise malunga nemo owayephila Prince Ivan Dolgoruky.

Nangona uyise Alexei G. wayexakekile idalwa kunye ngamayelenqe ezinxulumene intombi amale ezayo UCatherine kunye umlawuli oselula, uIvan babephala ukungaseli baba abalawuleki. Wajika ke ngokubanzi ukuba inkcazelo kuhlukunyezwa ezenziwe ngabo wakubona kufanelekile ezichazwe amanqaku akhe "Ngomhla noRhwaphilizo zokuziphatha eRashiya,"-mbali owaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye yekhasi era Elizabeth Prince Shcherbatov.

emtshatweni iimbandezelo

Noko ke, ingcamango imfuneko ukuhlala phantsi wade wafika, kunye nentloko yayo ibhabhalaza. ubomi playboy entsha wagqiba uqale umtshato yaye akazange enze ukuba nabani na, yaye inkoliso Princess Elizabeth intombi ─ kade kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, uMlawuli Petra Velikogo (umfanekiso wakhe eboniswe ngezantsi). ubuhle Young kuye kwafuneka ixesha nexesha ukunika uthando lwakho abantu abaninzi unethamsanqa ngubani wakwazi ukufumana nge entliziyweni yakhe, kodwa ukungena umtshato olungalinganiyo (ngoko ke kungathathwa umfela umntu hhayi ukuba nayiphi na indlu olawulayo) yena thiki.

Akuba ebuyile, ebamkele ukulahlwa benembeko kodwa categorical kakhulu nokukhumbula ngexesha elifanayo Khawuziphe ukuba intaka Njengendlwane ipayi ngcono kakhulu esibhakabhakeni, Prince Ivan Dolgoruky woo intombi ezilishumi elinesihlanu kutshanje oswelekileyo Marshal Count B. P. Sheremeteva Natale Borisovne ─.

Ekubeni umtshato kakhulu bonwabile kunye nosapho lwakhe, kunye nezalamane lomtshakazi, iindaba komtshato esondelayo kukwamkelwa benemihlali jikelele. Phezu zonke happy kakhulu Natasha, ngubani wayemthanda Vanya isimo sakhe bechwayitile, intliziyo elungileyo ngakumbi into ebizwa ngokuba wonke ngokuthi "owesibini umntu sikarhulumente."

amagalelo

2 Petros Ivan Dolgoruky, njengoko abahlobo oyinyaniso, kuye isixhobo yobomi bakhe yabantu ecaleni kwenye. Ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha 1729 umlawuli abatsha ababandakanyeka ku Princess n Alekseevna Dolgorukoi, yaye kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva yaba Intandokazi isoka esemthethweni Natalia Sheremetyevo. Noko ke, ntlekele balandela kungekudala, bahlaba zonke izicwangciso zabo kunye nefuthe elibi kwi kwimbali Russian elishumi ezayo.

Ekuqaleni January 1930 kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi komtshato, umlawuli oselula ugula kakhulu. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, yaphathwa yingqakaqha, ngokufuthi watyelela kuloo minyaka, eMoscow, kwelinye ─ wabamba ebandayo ngexesha kuzingela. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa imeko yakhe yayisiba ngokukhawuleza. oogqirha iNkundla kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuvuma ukuba akukho themba kwakhona, kwaye ngeendleko ubomi buyaqhubeka kwewotshi.

ithemba lokugqibela

Akubuzwa ukuba namava ngaloo mihla abathetheli Dolgoruky Ivan ngokwakhe, emva kokufa Peter II, kwaye akukhange ixesha atshate udade wayo Catherine, ekugqibeleni wawisa ihlabathi ubutyebi, isidima kunye nempumelelo ukuba ezo sakuqhela. Abagulayo uMlawuli ha ringetaka ku namarhela ebomini, yaye Dolgoruky akayifukulanga ngokwalo nhla ukudelela nomona.

Efuna ukugcina imini, Prince Alexei G. (uyise lukalvan) senziwa egameni nokumkani baya kuba, njengako apho kuthiwa babhengeza ezihlangwini kwitrone umtshakazi ─ Ekaterinu Dolgorukuyu. Ekubalwa ukuba unyana podsunet eli lime ukuba asayine ukufa yaye sele alahlekelwe ingqondo yakhe ukumkani, ngoko ke intombi yakhe iya kuba ukumkanikazi yonke imiphumela neentsapho zabo.

Kokuwa zonke izicwangciso

Noko ke, ukubala akukhange kusebenze. Fumana utyikityo wokwenene uswelekileyo Januwari 19 Peter II ayiphumelelanga ngo-1730, yaye ukuthanda kwakhe, wangqinelwa ukuba sele ungene owayesakuba owuthandayo Ivan Dolgoruky, kakhulu ngobuqili wayesazi ukukhuphela njani ngesandla yenkosi yakhe. Noko ke, le trick waba kangangokuba athungwe kunye mhlophe cu ukuba nabani ayikwazanga ezilahlekisayo. Ngosuku olulandelayo, iBhunga State yahlangana, wanyulelwa ubukumkani, neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa Courland IIMVELISO Ioannovnu, intombi iza abazalwana kunye nentsebenziswano umphathi Peter I, Ivan V.

Xa ukulawula uAnny Ioannovny (umfanekiso wakhe uchazwe apha ngasentla) usapho Dolgoroukys hit nentshutshiso. Uninzi abameli balo zathunyelwa iirhuluneli kwiindawo ezikude zephondo intloko-ntsapho kunye nabantwana elubhacweni elalini. Pre-ukuba ngemibuzo malunga imiyolelo, xa ngobunyaniso apho kungekho namnye yakholwa, kodwa ngexesha lembandezelo kweso sivumelwano.

wedding yonakalisa

abazana Old, kutshanje kuhanahanisa ngoku zibuye kude nentsapho egcwele ukususela zachumlonnyh. Umntu kuphela abaye bahlala bethembekile, waye umtshakazi Ivan Natalia Sheremetyev, abangazange ufuna ukuhamba ngephanyazo enzima umntu omthandayo kwaye ujonge phambili emtshatweni. Ukuze uvuyo lwakhe olukhulu, yena yabanjwa ekuqaleni Epreli kunyaka efanayo Gorenko ─ yelifa ipoma Dolgoruky, ababethanda ukutyelela umlawuli ongasekhoyo Peter II.

Kodwa lo lovuyo lifutshane ixesha elide. Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokuba kumtshato umthunywa lali evela St. Petersburg nesaziso ukuba usapho lonke Dolgorukovy ibhekisa ekuthinjweni ngokusisigxina kweli ezinde ─ laa ntlango inye, kutshanje leyo ebewagqibile imihla yakhe utshaba lwawo efungelweyo ka AD Menshikov.

Ngenxa yoko, Ivan Dolgoruky kunye Natalia Sheremetyeva bachitha iholide yabo iinqwelo lwaba phezu kwiindlela eSiberia. waya Kukho kwakhona kwaye isisu nomtshakazi royal Catherine A., sithwele isiqhamo intliziyo inkanuko ucaphula yaye ngaphambi nesoka lakhe.

Yijele

Prince Ivan Dolgoruky, ozithandayo uPetros II kaThixo, wathabatha isikhundla sokuba ekuthinjweni, ukuba ngokupheleleyo ubunzima kuthwalwa ngabo, idalelwe zinobubi kunye nabasemagunyeni. iinqaba amakhosi, leyo ukususela ebuntwaneni Ivan, kwafuneka atshintshe ku ezimnyama kunye cage ukuvaleka Berezovsky entolongweni, phuma wabo esalelweyo ngokungqongqo.

Noko ke, ngokwemvelo ngemvelo, Ivan Dolgoruky waqalisa izihlobo phakathi amagosa kaNdikhoyo ekampini zasekuhlaleni kunye nezinga labo yesibonelelo kuphela ngasekhohlo entolongweni yakhe, kodwa waqala ukuba kunxila, njengokuba kanye kwisithuba onwabile yobomi bakhe. Kukuzingxala kunye nabani na, yaye xa enxilile kakhulu ulwimi onephuku. Oku bamsa engxakini.

Ukusola isiqalo yophando

Ngenye imini xa kufanelekile wobulali, yena nobuganga ukubiza amangqina inhlamba uKumkanikazi IIMVELISO Ioannovnu. Kwaye ngaphandle, yaqhayisa ukuba zakha utyikityo xa ukuthanda umlawuli emva kwexesha. Kusasa, uIvan bakhohlwa yonke ngokupheleleyo, kodwa bafumana indoda Khumbula kakuhle amazwi akhe waza wathumela ulahla eSt Petersburg (into leyo, njengoko oontamnani kwi Mother iRussia ibisoloko abaswela).

Imbali uye walilondoloza igama obangela. It wabonakala kunobhala Tobolsk amasiko cwaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uzama namanye amagosa uzikhusele ububi Ivan, kodwa ityala kwekhosi wanikwa. nekuthiwa wafika ukusuka kwikomkhulu, ibanjwa kwi yophando ndawo. Kungekudala umthetheli, nabazalwana bakhe bobabini, kunye nabo nabantu abaninzi orhanelwa ukubandakanyeka isiphendu, zaye zathunyelwa zivela Birch kwi Tobolsk kwaye ufake entolongweni, apho ke ngoko nangoko phantsi ancinwe.

ukubulawa

Ivan Dolgoruky phantsi nxaniso, wavuma ityala lakhe yaye, ukongeza, sele kuchaziwe izalamane ezininzi ababandakanyekayo, wathi, kumalungiselelo komyolelo zomgunyathi. NgoJanuwari 1739 yena wonke ubani kuye kwimeko ndasiwa Shlisselburg apho ngemibuzo baqhubeka.

Bayahlelwa amabanjwa unelishwa isigqibo "jikelele" ebandakanya amagosa aphakamileyo, kwaye yabizwa ngokuba isigwebo swigevenga ezopolitiko. Abalawuli, akuba ngomsebenzi izinto zeli tyala, walawula phezu ngamnye umtyholwa. Bonke bephela bagwetyelwa ukufa. Kodwa ngumtyholwa engundoqo ─ Prince Ivan Alekseevich Dolgoruky - ukuba quartered ngo-1739 kummandla umbindi Novgorod, apho kuthinjwa, kunye nezinye igweba.