Umsebenzi lens. Iliso lomntu: Ulwakhiwo

Iliso lomntu - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo enombala, ogama msebenzi ukuba adlulisele umfanekiso ngasekunene luvo optic. Amacandelo licandelo umbono - a ezinezikhondo, imithambo, wocingo iqokobhe kunye nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi.

esingxotyeni ezinezikhondo - Inwebu kunye sclera. Esebenzisa inwebu ye-reyi ukukhanya refracted kuwa phakathi licandelo umbono. sclera Dlula Kuluhlu yenza isakhelo inxalenye kwaye zikhusela.

Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa igazi choroid iliso isondlo, equlethe zizondlo neoksijini.

Phantsi alikhazimli iris, enika iliso umbala mntu. Xa iziko le Umfundi uyakwazi ukutshintsha ubungakanani ngokuxhomekeke zokukhanya. Va inwebu kunye iris ke uburharha zolwelo, olukhusela amagciwane ukusuka inwebu.

Inxalenye elandelayo yale choroid kuthiwa umzimba ciliary, ngenxa apho kukho uphuhliso ulwelo intraocular. Le choroid na ukudibana ngqo kunye retina, kwaye ibonelela nge namandla.

Retina ezakha kwiiseli ezininzi luvo. Ngokwenza lo mzimba inikwa imbono sokukhanya nomfanekiso Ukwakheka. Emva koko kukho ukudluliselwa kolwazi ngokusebenzisa luvo optic engqondweni.

Inxalenye engaphakathi lomzimba iquka amagumbi ngaphambili nangesemva ezaliswe intraocular ulwelo selubala, lens uburharha vitreous. Vitreous iye gelled imbonakalo.

Njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo olubonakalayo yabantu - le isekelwe. umsebenzi lens - ngokubonelela ngokukhanya eguquguqukayo lwamehlo. Kuyanceda ukubona izinto ezahlukeneyo kakuhle ngokulinganayo. Sele kwiveki yesi-4 Umbungu uqala ukwenza lens. Isakhiwo umsebenzi, kwakunye ukusebenza kunye nezifo zalo kunokwenzeka siza kujonga kweli nqaku.

isakhiwo

Lo mzimba efana lens biconvex, imiphezulu ngaphambili nangesemva kuzo zinikwe ugobile ezahlukeneyo. Umbindi ngamnye kubo - ipali eyayidibanisa axis. axis ubude obumalunga 3.5-4.5 mm. Zombini iindawo ezihlanganiswe ecaleni aya, ekuthiwa ikhweyitha. Omdala ineenkalo eye lensi enombala 9-10 mm, babugubungela philisi phezulu ngaphaya (ibhegi sobuKristu) ngaphakathi apho kukho inwebu epithelium. Kwelinye icala ise capsule ngomva, oko akanayo umaleko enjalo.

Ithuba lens epithelial yokukhula iseli ocular baqinisekisa ukuba rhoqo nokuzala. kwalapho, imithambo yegazi, izicwili lymphoid evela ilens azifumaneki, kodwa ngokupheleleyo ukubunjwa epithelial. Ngomhla elubala umzimba kuchaphazela ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali kulwelo intraocular, ukuba yokuqamba itshintshiwe, oko clouding lens kunokwenzeka.

Ukubunjwa lens

Ukubunjwa kulo mzimba elilandelayo - 65% yamanzi, 30% protein, 5% of lipids, iivithamini kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo nezingaphiliyo kunye nemixube, kunye nee-enzayim. protein Basic - it crystallin.

isimiso ukusebenza

Inwebu yamehlo - esi sakhiwo yokwakheka le cipande icandelo iliso, ngokwesiqhelo ke kufuneka icace ngokupheleleyo. Umgaqo yokusebenza lens - zijolise kubonakala reyi ukukhanya into kule ndawo macular. Bomfanekiso retina iliso yayicacile, kufuneka ibe selubala. Xa ukukhanya iwela retina, i ukubetha yombane, ezingadibenanga ngokusebenzisa luvo optic ukuya ngumbindi obonakalayo ebuchotsheni. Umsebenzi yobuchopho - nokutolika oko ukubona ngamehlo.

umsebenzi lens

Indima ilens ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo umntu kubaluleke gqitha. Okokuqala na injongo isikhokelo ukukhanya, oko kukuthi, ivumela sicatshulwa yokumpompoza ukukhanya kwiretina. Imisebenzi lens ukukhanya-transmissive zibonelelwa yi elubala yayo.

Ukongeza, i-Arhente iye ubesoloko ethatha inxaxcheba ephambili njengokuqhekeka ukukhanya kwaye amandla malunga 19 diopters. Ngenxa lens olunikwa ekusebenzeni womatshini accommodative ngawo ngokuzenzekelayo ukutshintsha ugqaliselo kumfanekiso ebonakalayo.

Le umzimba inceda ngokulula thina wakhangela ukusuka izinto ezikude abo basondele olwanikezela ngokuguqula ngamandla zokunganyangeki lweliso lakho. Ekunciphiseni Imisonto izihlunu, esijikeleze ilens, kukho ukuhla kwi ukuqina leli philisi kunye notshintsho nokumila ilens woqondo iso. Iba khaxa ezininzi, ngoko zibonakala ngokucacileyo ibekwe kufuphi izinto. Xa umsipha buyasikhulula isingxobo, ilens ithe ayaba, kukuvumela ukuba ubone izinto ibekwe kude.

Ukongeza, i-lens a hlulo yahlula iliso ibe ngamaqela amabini, nto leyo eqinisekisa ngokhuseleko sobuKristu ukhozo lweliso yingcinezelo ngokugqithiseleyo vitreous. Kwakhona, oko angaziwa microorganisms musa kweyela vitreous. Oku kubonisa zikhusela lens.

isifo

Izizathu izifo iliso lensi enombala kunokuba zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Oku lunyhasho lasungulwa kunye nophuhliso, kwaye ukutshintsha yendawo nemibala kwenzeka ngeminyaka, okanye ngenxa yokwenzakala. Udibana nophuhliso okungaqhelekanga lens, nto leyo echaphazela imilo kunye nombala.

Amaxesha amaninzi kukho lo ngezifo, cataract, okanye clouding lens. Phambi kukho, kuxhomekeke ilungiselelo kwindawo turbidity, sekhombuya, nuclear, ngasemva kunye nezinye iintlobo esi sifo. Cataract isenokuba iziphene okanye ezifunyenwe ngexesha ubomi ngenxa trauma, utshintsho ezinxulumene-ubudala kunye nenani nezinye izizathu.

Ngamanye amaxesha umothuko eqwengayo imisonto ukuqinisekisa indawo echanekileyo lens kunokukhokelela ukufuduka yayo. Ngexesha lekhefu vulu ngokupheleleyo kwenzeka lens ingaphambuki endleleni, komsipha buso ikhokelela subluxation.

Iimpawu lens

Nge ubudala, ubungqongqo umbono yabantu lifinyele, kuba nzima ngakumbi ukufunda ezikufutshane. nethe Slow ikhokelela utshintsho kwiipropati ezamehlo lens, nto leyo iba zamahlathi ngakumbi yaye ngaphantsi ngaphaya. Iliso lomntu uqala ukubona izinto nshita ngaphantsi, umfanekiso usoloko uphelelwa umbala wayo. Xa ukuphuhlisa turbidity ngokukhawuleza, acuity ezibonwayo liyehla, kukho cataract. Indawo turbidity ichaphazela ubungakanani kunye nezinga nombono yehla.

ezinxulumene-Age opacification luphuhlisa elide, ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi. Ngenxa yale mbono kakuhle iliso omnye engaqatshelwayo ixesha elide. Kodwa ekhaya, ungenza ukufumanisa ubukho kwamehlo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ujonge kwiphepha olungenanto iphepha enye, ezinye ke iliso. Phambi sifo kuqapheleka ukuba iphepha buthuntu kwaye ithinti elityheli. Abantu nale sifo kufuneka ukukhanya, apho ubona kakuhle.

Clouding lens ezinokubangelwa ubukho ukudumba (iridocyclitis) okanye ukusetyenziswa elide imithi, eziquka iihomoni steroidal. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo baye baqinisekisa ukuba emehlweni neglaucoma clouding lens woqondo ngokukhawuleza.

ekuxilongweni

Uxilongo iquka uvavanyo umbono kunye nezakhiwo zophando iliso kunye isixhobo ekhethekileyo okubonakalayo. Zamehlo ivavanya ubungakanani kunye nolwakhiwo ilens limisela ngesidanga elubala yayo, ubukho kunye nendawo inkungu, akhokelela ekuncipheni acuity olubonakalayo. Xa isifundo lens emibi focal indlela ukhanyiso apho kumphezulu ngaphambili kuhlolwa yayo, ibekwe ngaphakathi umfundi. Ukuba akukho ilifu, ilens ayibonakali. Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iindlela uphando - koviwo ekukhanyeni zesini, isifundo ngokusebenzisa isibane noqhoqhoqho (biomicroscopy).

Indlela yokuphatha?

Unyango ikakhulu yotyando. imixokelelwane ekhemisi zinika amathontsi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa abakwazi ukubuyela ingcaciso yale lens, kwaye akuqinisekisi kokupheliswa sifo. Surgery i inkqubo kuphela kuqinisekisa ukuba bachache ngokupheleleyo. Kuba utyando cataract zinokusetyenziswa utsalo extracapsular kunye sutures kwi inwebu. Kukho enye indlela - phacoemulsification ukusikwa self-uphawu engephi. indlela nokususwa kukhethiwe kuxhomekeke lexinene semenu kwi imeko nemisipha. Akukho kangako kukuba amava ugqirha.

Ekubeni inwebu yamehlo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomntu, ngoko iintlobo zokonzakala ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wakhe badla nemiphumela emibi noqhekeko. Naziphi na iimpawu lomonakalo okanye kabi emehlweni - oko kubangela ukuba unyango kwangoko ugqirha, oya ukuxilonga ukumisela kunyango kuyimfuneko.