Yomdiliya lwethikh - iindlela zolawulo. Ingolwane waziva beediliya, phawula

Iidiliya, njengazo zonke ezinye izityalo ezikwimiyezo, abachatshazelwa irhorho kunye izinambuzane. Ngenxa yoko, xa izixa, Namagatya kunye namagqabi zesityalo inokufumaneka iintwala, amabhungane, iintakumba, yaye ukuya ku-60 neentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo amangolwane. Kodwa ke kaninzi kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisezidolophini kunye neegadi apho umdiliya ikhula, eqhelekileyo yomdiliya nemalanana. Iindlela zokujongana nale Parasite ilula kakhulu. Phezu kwabo siya kufikelela kweli nqaku.

Dibana waziva gazi okanye uphawu

Yomdiliya olwenziwa - amaphelo eziyingozi izinambuzane ophila iidiliya ezikhulayo yonke indawo. Found e Afrika, North America, kunye Central kunye Southern Europe. Silele ekufihleni ubukhulu becala uthinte (ukuba kukho sibange) e kukubola wezintso kwaye awile. Xa zizonke, omnye kidney zizifo ezifana ahlale ku-1000 ngeetikhi (ubukhulu becala obhinqileyo).

Ekubeni ukudumba adubule kweediliya Phawula bafudukela amagqabi liqalisa lusidla kwisityalo incindi. Xa ukutya amathe kwezinambuzane kukhupho, eliqulethe ubutyebi elikhuthaza ukukhula nokwahlukana kweeseli. Ngenxa yoko, oko enzyme wadibana ngqo leediliya amagqabi kungakhokelela kwamagqabi akungeze isakhiwo deformation. Loo ukuhlukunyezwa isakhiwo iyavezwa ngokohlobo mbhoxo ezinkulu nezincinane kwiqamza-sitshiswa ngamalanga livela kwicala olungaphandle igqabi.

Kwicala engaphakathi amagqabi, nemalanana ochaphazelekayo ubonakala uhlobo zokwaleka emhlophe efana babezizwa anoboya. Ekuqaleni olo daka umntu kombala beige okanye ezimhlophe. Kamva, baba bomvu, maxa wambi brown.

uphawu njani yomdiliya?

Well cinga zudnya ngeliso lenyama cishe kungenakwenzeka, ekubeni nemalanana waziva yomdiliya incinci kakhulu. Kuphela emva kokuba ukwanda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokubonwa ukuba umzimba uphawu kukukhanya okanye elityheli Umbungu worm. ubude iimazi ingqamana 0.16-0.20 mm, kwaye eyindoda - 0,14 mm. Izinambuzane isisu uye ezifumaneka ezininzi ezincinane kwi emakhonkcweni ngaphambili nangesemva kunye ameva kunye nomzimba eliphakathi.

Nemalanana female unako ukuvelisa ukuya kwizizukulwana 7-12 lweentshulube apha ekuhambeni konyaka. amaqanda Ingolwane abe isakhiwo transparent, i seqanda, kunye nobukhulu yabo 0.038 x 0.058 mm. Fumana amaqanda isinambuzane, njengaye, inokubuyiselwa olunyuswe yi izintso kunye ukutyabeka limhlophe kwelinye icala elingemva amagqabi bosulelekile.

Njani yingozi tick ukuvuna iidiliya?

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba yomdiliya amagqabi kunye uphawu uyakwazi ukususa yamaqanda entsha, Namagatya kunye neentyatyambo zeediliya. Ngenxa yoko, abachaphazelekayo kwezinye iinxalenye umdiliya. Ukuba ixesha Akasohlwayi kwimimandla echaphazelekayo leediliya, oko igcwele kokufa kwakhe nokuncipha isivuno ngokubanzi.

Ukongeza, yenze le hlobo enako ukugqithisa iintsholongwane ezinobungozi iidiliya, echaphazela ngokungalunganga lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo, imeko ingcambu, amagqabi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kungakhokelela ekubeni ukufa ngumdiliya.

Indlela ukubetha amagqabi kweediliya abachaphazelekayo?

Ukuze ubone ukuba uphawu yomdiliya amagqabi izityalo sakho emyezweni wambetha, kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo amagqabi. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujonga kwicala reverse kwamahlamvu, njengoko inxalenye phambi kweqonga yokuqala yosulelo akanayo deformation ebonwayo ngohlobo hillocks sofele. Noko ke, umntu phawula isiseko tick lesibini - by phambi terry uqweqwe emhlophe phezu elingaphantsi sheet.

Into oyiyo; uphawule nexoshomba?

imiqondiso yokuqala womShunem ohlaselo kuzo iidiliya badla idibana kunye iimpawu nezinye izinambuzane. Umzekelo, ngokufuthi nemalanana kungenzeka badidekile nangexoshomba. Khumbula, le mnandi kakuhle yingozi izifo zezityalo ezinzwaneni. Ngokutsho ulwazi lokuqala, oko ngempazamo esingeniswe ku eFransi ukususela eMelika ekuqaleni kuka-1878. Ukusuka apho Wayitwabulula ezidiliyeni kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Ukuba uhlawula ingqalelo iidiliya abosulelwe nangexoshomba, izifo igqabi isicwangciso eso wabetha inxalenye ephezulu nesezantsi kubo. Phezu kwamahlamvu ngaloo kubonakala uphawu ubungakanani indawo bulubhelu lwe idenariyo okanye ngaphezulu. Kwicala reverse kukho amagqabi ibonakala ngokucacileyo Lutho emhlophe - mycelium. Kungenxa begadi zakhe ongenamava wabeka "diagnosis engalunganga". Sazi njani ukuqinisekisa - ukukhangela le isimemezelo okanye ukufuma?

Ukumisela uhlobo lweziphumo ngokutya igazi isityalo kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo alula. Ngoko ke, ukuba uchitha iminwe yakho kwakheka kwi kumphezulu esezantsi kwegqabi fly omhlophe, yaye iya kutshayelwa, ngoko ke mhlawumbi usebenza nangexoshomba. Ukuba, ke, lo phantsi ayikho ukuyisusa izenzo ezinjalo, oko nemalanana yomdiliya. Iindlela zokujongana nale amaphelo, siza kuxubusha ngakumbi.

Indlela yokwahlukanisa yomdiliya nemalanana kwi phylloxera igqabi?

Yomdiliya lwethikh - amaphelo, nto leyo nayo kube lula kubhidaniswe phylloxera, iintwala okanye iphepha. Ngaphambili, yena savela eMelika, kwaye okokuqala wabonakala Ezidiliyeni zaseYurophu. Okwangoku intwala emane ibhekisa ukutya kwayo kwaye akhethe ukuhlala kwi amagqabi kwezityalo Asia nabaseYurophu zeediliya. Ngenxa yoko, phylloxera igqabi wambetha iintlobo beediliya ezifana White-pink, zeAltai ezimhlophe, damask wavuka, Dubinushka kunye nabanye. Kwakhona, iintwala angavela kwezinye iintlobo American zeediliya. Yintoni na le intwala ze uhlawule nemalanana?

Ukongezelela ekubeni le into yokuhlaselwa zombini seediliya sisidleleli, isifo le hlobo amagqabi baye ezinye ezifanayo. Umzekelo, kwi ukoyiswa amangolwane, kunye iintwala kwi yomdiliya ushiya ungabona amacandelo gqitha, ezifana kumadyunguza okanye maqampu. Ezi ukudumba ngokuthi galls. Kwaye kule imibungu ukuphuhlisa Phylloxera. Kwiingozi ezimasikizi, namadyungudyungu ukwenzeka nje kuphela amagqabi, kodwa kwi neziqu, izithole, kwakunye ajike.

Ngokungafaniyo iintwala uphawu iintlobo Ngekumlungele kunye distention kunqabile. Xa phylloxera bathi rhoqo kwaye ezinkulu ngakumbi, okufana namadyungudyungu okanye intsumpa. Ukuba oyifunayo, inokuba kunamandla Ekutyunyuzweni ngeminwe yakho.

Ingolwane beediliya: iindlela zokulawula

Ukuze lokuyigxotha le tick, kufuneka asebenze ngayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Noko ke, xa kwanzima baiting sinambuzane kukuba luhlala kwicala le-sheet hayi kumphezulu wayo. Ngoko ke, esebenzisa amachiza ezizodwa, kuyimfuneko ukutshiza kwamahlamvu kwicala umva. begadi abanamava sincoma ukusetyenziswa ukulungiselela le njongo sulphur colloidal.

Oku kuya kufuna malunga nama-10-50 iigrem nesalfure. Uyakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa la machiza yi irusi kwezinambuzane, njengoko "Fufanon", "Neoron", "Malathion", "Tiovit-Jet", "Fyori", "Talstar", "Kinmiks", "Omayt", "Vertimek", "aktellik 'abanye.

Ukongeza, izintso okwangoku ziyachazwa kuyimfuneko ukutshiza isicombululo exutywe amanzi, "nitrofen" ingxelo 200 g chemical emele yamanzi nganye. Ngaphezulu Kucetyiswa ukusingatha zinamaqhina lokudubula. Oku kwenziwa kakuhle ngexesha leli izintso. Ngelo xesha, ukuba bafikelele ubude malunga 4-6 cm. Ukuphathwa kubo kucetyiswa isisombululo nesalfure. Kuphekelwa 100 g izinto emphandeni yamanzi.

Lingakanani ixesha yimalini eziyimfuneko ukuze sikwazi ukusiphumeza iidiliya?

iidiliya Uqwalaselo evela izinambuzane nezifo ukuba kwenziwa oku kuxhomekeke iqondo ukusulelwa izityalo, kwakunye ukuba nezahlukahlukeneyo izifo nezinambuzane ngokwabo. Umzekelo, ukuba ugcine iidiliya nemalanana hlobo isicelo unyango kabini kubekho isithuba engumzekelo iintsuku 10-12.

Kwaye ngenxa iziphumo ezingcono, kubalulekile kabini ngemini ukunyanga amagqabi beediliya macala omabini. Ezicetyiswayo ixesha wokutshiza - 10:00 (lokuqala) kwaye 22:00 (okwesibini).

amanyathelo azizithintelo kuliwe ntwala egadini

Uqwalaselo iidiliya izinambuzane nezifo - oku ngokuqinisekileyo ingongoma ebalulekileyo ndahlukane irusi nemalanana. Noko ke, kubaluleke ngaphezu nokuthintela ngexesha ukosuleleka sisidleleli. Ngaphezu koko, kulula kakhulu. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba iliso ukutshatyalaliswa amagqabi ekwindla amasetyana bechola-yeediliya. Okwesibini, njengoko amanyathelo othintelo kucetyiswa ngexesha zasehlotyeni ezishushu nokuhlawulwa iidiliya amalungiselelo afana "BI-58", "Neoron" okanye "Akarin".

Yintoni izinambuzane eziyingozi iidiliya na?

Ukongeza kule amaphelo, ngathi yomdiliya kwezinambuzane (iindlela zokujongana nayo, siye ezichazwe ngasentla), ziyakuphunyezwa kunye nezinye izinambuzane egadini. Enye ziye kakhulu nokungafunekiyo kwaye ezingemnandi yi beetle igqabi, intakumba okanye yomdiliya. Oku kuyingozi kuba, ukongeza iidiliya, akukho zazidlala ingeniso, kunye nezinye izityalo.

Ngokweliso, kubonakala ngathi umfanekiso omncinane emnyama kudliwe umbala kunye ubude umzimba hayi ngaphezulu kwe 3-4,4 mm. Oviparous. Izala amaqanda nesibotho ukhusela kuzo iziqwenga 10-30 kwicala elingaphakathi sheet.

Ekulweni amabhungane igqabi, kwakunye umzabalazo kunye amangolwane beediliya ezinxulumene nonyango izityalo kwezintso kunye nezisombululo ezikhethekileyo insecticidal. Umzekelo, yoku sebenzisa "Fufanon" yaye "yintlantsi."

Le Isidleli yesibini ngolunya ufana ibhabhathane - njengenundu yomdiliya amagqabi imigodi. Ikwazi ukuvelisa ukuya kwizizukulwana ezibini okanye ezithathu ngexesha ngalinye. Sidla ikakhulu ngamagqabi, leyo, njengezinye izinambuzane ukubeka amaqanda. Amaqanda kamva njengezinambuzane imibungu ezincinci ezingena kujikelezo iphepha kwaye kwinkqubo yokwenza intshukumo ngayo kwiinxalenye zayo evuthelweyo, ebizwa kwam. Ukuze ukuphelisa amanundu, njengoko umthetho, sebenzisa izinambuzane zenkqubo yezemfundo. Umzekelo, kunokuba "konfidor".

Enye izinambuzane ezaziwayo-kakuhle - yomdiliya iingcongconi. ubungakanani bayo - mm-2 kuphela. Ngokwawo, i iingcongconi ayikho yingozi. Zisa umonakalo omkhulu ukuya kwindawo yayo. Le isinambuzane omdala ekwaziyo amaxesha ukulibaziseka ukuya amaqanda 100. Emva kweentsuku malunga 9-10 Imibungu kuvela kubo, leyo aqalile ukutya linqwenile amagqabi iidiliya. Kwiinkalo zobomi kombungu kwakheka borodavkoobraznye kudumba. Lahla nesinambuzane nako usebenzisa zinambuzane.

Ngaphezu koko, phezu amagqabi, iziqu kunye neengcambu kweediliya ziyakuphunyezwa kunye nezinye izinambuzane ezifana weevils, borer, amangolwane amagqabi, intothoviyane, mealybugs, zikhetha.