Ubume kunye umsebenzi analyzer olubonakalayo. iziko mbono

Ukuba basebenzisane ihlabathi ngaphandle, umntu kufuneka afumane nokuhlalutya iinkcukacha yemeko ezisingqongileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uhlobo udumo lwakhe qwa. Ezintandathu kubo: amehlo, iindlebe, ulwimi, impumlo, eluswini, izixhobo vestibular. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu akha ukubonisa zonke singqongwe ngaye ngokwakhe ngenxa ezibonwayo, ezikhalayo, ukuqgiba, nezihlwabisayo, gustatory kunye ukushukumisa kinesthetic.

Kunganzima ukuba wayesithi ukuba ezinye enezivamvo ibaluleke ngaphezu kwabanye. Baya baphelelisane enye, ukudala umfanekiso opheleleyo yehlabathi. Kodwa eyona zonke iinkcukacha - ukuya kutsho kuma-90%; - Abantu ndiyabona usebenzisa amehlo - ke kuyinyani. Ukuze siqonde le nkcazelo kuba njani ubuchopho, yaye njani na olwalo uhlalutyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba nomfanekiso isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi analyzer olubonakalayo.

Iimpawu ze analyzer olubonakalayo

Ngenxa imbono olubonakalayo sifunda ubukhulu, imilo, umbala, amalungiselelo kwelifa izinto zehlabathi, ukuhamba okanye ukuhamba. Le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yaye multi-step. Ubume kunye umsebenzi analyzer olubonakalayo - inkqubo ukuphumeza nokufumana kunye nokuqhuba ulwazi ezibonwayo, ngaloo ndlela kubonelelwa umbono - entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba anikezele peripheral (a ukwamkelwa igalelo data), nokuhlalutya inxalenye conductive. Ukufumana ulwazi olwenziwe yi inkqubo receptor leyo equka yeso kunye neenkqubo abangabancedani, yaye ngakumbi uthunyelwa kwi-luvo optic ukuya kumaziko afanelekileyo lobuchopho, apho kusetyenzwa kwaye kwasekwa imifanekiso ebonwayo. Onke amasebe analyzer olubonakalayo iza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku.

njani esweni. Umaleko engaphandle lweliso lakho

Amehlo zidityaniswe amalungu. yeso nganye kufana imilo ibhola atshabalalisa kancinane kwaye ubunjwe lamanqanaba ezininzi: i elijikelezileyo ulwelo-ezaliswe kwisisu ephandle, oluphakathi kunye engaphakathi iliso.

Le lwangaphandle - capsule ezinezikhondo bubanzi eliphethe imilo iliso kwaye lukhusela nezakhiwo zalo. Ukongeza, wazithwala phandle ezintandathu ukulungisa izihlunu mafutha lweliso lakho. Iqokobhe engaphandle iquka ngaphaya front inxalenye - inwebu kunye nangasemva, zimnyama - sclera.

Le inwebu liliso zosasazo zokunganyangeki, oko khaxa, baneembono lens kwaye, yena, yenziwe kwiiseli ezininzi. It ayinayo imithambo yegazi, kodwa kukho kwalapho ezininzi luvo. amhlophe oluhlaza okanye sclera, inxalenye ebonakalayo leyo idla ngokuba amehlo iiproteins wabumba ukusuka kwizicwili. Kuye nemisipha iqhotyoshelweyo, ngokubonelela iliso ujika.

Umaleko phakathi yeso

Umyinge choroid libandakanyeka kwiinkqubo pathways, ngokudla iliso kunye nokurhoxiswa kweemveliso metabolic. Ngaphambili, le nxalenye ephawuleka yalo - nto Iris. into ulwehlo kwi iris, hayi kanye mandithi, imali yayo uzimisele ngamnye Hue iliso zabantu ukususela emsi, ukuba oko akwanelanga ukuba amangile, ukuba ngokwaneleyo. Xa sakhi engekho, njengokuba kwenzeka albino, kuba plexus kuyabonakala semithambo, kwaye iris iba bomvu.

Iris iqhele emva inwebu, isisekelo sawo esihlunwini. Umfundi - umngxuma iris ngeenxa embindini - ngenxa kwezi izihlunu ulawula ukungena ukukhanya kulo iliso dilates ngexesha ekukhanyeni low size tapering kwi eliqaqambileyo kakhulu. Kuyinto nokuqhubekeka iris ciliary (ciliary) emzimbeni. Umsebenzi weli yinxalenye analyzer olubonakalayo kukuvelisa incindi ethi ondla iliso loo maCandelo musa ukuba iimpahla zabo. Ngaphezu koko, umzimba ciliary inefuthe ngqo kwi Ebubanzini lens esebenzisa kwemisipha ezizodwa.

Le ngomva ingxenye yeso kule nwebu eliphakathi lo choroid, okanye eyona nemithambo iqokobhe eye phantse ngokupheleleyo kwemithambo yegazi ubudeki ezahlukeneyo.

retina

Ngaphakathi, umaleko thinnest, - retina okanye retina ukhandwa iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Kukho imbono ngqo yokuhlaziya zamabanga aphantsi kunye nolwazi olubonakalayo. Inxalenye elingasemva retina yenziwa zephotoreceptor ekuthiwa iikhowuni ezizodwa (ka-7 mn) kunye iintonga (130 mn). Ngabo abanoxanduva kwimbono bezinto amehlo.

Ibhumbulu banoxanduva ukuqondwa umbala kwaye zinika umbono central sikuvumela ukuba ubone iinkcukacha emihle. Ngemisimelelo, ekuqapheleni ngakumbi, ukunika umntu ithuba ukubona imibala emnyama namhlophe kwiimeko ekukhanyeni low, kwaye banoxanduva umbono peripheral. Uninzi cone bebekelwa kwi ebizwa ngokuba yi-yechaphaza elimthubi phambi umfundi, ngentla kancinci ekungeneni luvo optic. Le ndawo ke acuity olubonakalayo ubuninzi. Retina, ngokunjalo kuzo zonke iinxalenye analyzer ezibonakalayo, ubume akukho lula - kubume bayo bucala maleko-10.

Ubume lweHo- iliso

core ocular iqulathe lens, namagumbi vitreous uzaliswe ulwelo. Kubonakala lens khaxa kumacala omabini lens ngaphaya. Uye akukho imithambo yegazi okanye kwalapho kwaye umisiwe i-zokutyhomfa ejikeleze umzimba ciliary, izihlunu ezakutshintsha ugobile yayo. Le ikhono ngokuba yokuhlala kwaye kunceda iliso ingqalelo kufutshane okanye kwi koko, izifundo ezikude.

Ngasemva lens, unamathele kuso yaye ngokubhekele bonke ubuso retina, amalungiselelo vitreous. Le into ecacileyo gelatinous otsho uninzi ivolyum iziko umbono. Ukwakhiwa kwale gelatinous mass 98% - amanzi. Injongo yale nto - aphethe reyi ukukhanya utshintsho uxinzelelo imbuyekezo intraocular, ukuxhasa rhoqo semilo lweliso lakho.

SobuKristu egumbini ongqongwe inwebu kunye iris. Oku luqhakamshelene umfundi kunye kwigumbi ayemxinwa angasemva, unyenyisa ukusuka iris ukuya lens. Zombini kwisisu intraocular ezaliswe ulwelo, leyo ujikeleza ngokukhululekileyo phakathi kwabo.

refraction sokukhanya

inkqubo analyzer kufundisa ezinjalo ukuba ekuqaleni reyi kukukhanya refracted swi yi-inwebu idlule le iris ukuya egumbini sobuKristu. Esebenzisa ingxenye iziko njengokhozo ukukhanya iwela ilens, apho echanileyo ngakumbi ugxininise, uze ngomzimba vitreous - kwiretina. Kuthelekelelwe kwi retina yomfanekiso lwezifundo ukuncipha kwaye, kananjalo, ifomu zocaphulo kwaye amandla kwimitha ukukhanya ziiphotoreceptor ajikwa azilawule luvo. Ulwazi nge-luvo optic ongena ingqondo. Beka kwi retina, ekuthe luvo optic, ukuba akanalo ziiphotoreceptor, benjenjalo ukumemeza indawo oyimfama.

Phambili nangasemva iziko umbono

Iliso wasabela ngexesha ziyakhuthazeka, kufuneka mobile. Ngexesha intshukumo izixhobo olubonakalayo ukuhlangabezana izibini ezintathu izihlunu amehlo: ngambini kuzo ngqo kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo omnye. Ezi izihlunu mhlawumbi yeyona high-isantya emzimbeni womntu. Ilawula intshukumo luvo yeso oculomotor. Yena exhuma luvo ezine izihlunu iliso ezintandathu ngokubanika umsebenzi eyaneleyo kunye neentshukumo nelungelelanisiweyo kwamehlo. Ukuba luvo oculomotor, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, liyayeka ukuba lisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, lubonakaliswa ezahlukeneyo mpawu: strabismus, ngenkulungwane ptosis, izinto kabini, mydriasis, ukuphazamiseka yokuhlala, iliso Buze.

Inkqubo yokhuselo iso

Ukuqhubeka umxholo wale ncwadi, njengoko isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi analyzer olubonakalayo, singasathethi ke iinkqubo ekhusela ngayo. Yeso ise em- ithambo - komzila, kwi Njengokungeniswa ibangela ukuba ababetheki kakhulu amafutha, apho ngokukhuselekileyo ayakhuselwa impembelelo.

Ngaphaya koko indlela ohamba kuyo, emzimbeni ibakhusela izixhobo iquka iinkophe ephezulu nesezantsi kunye ngeenkophe. Bakhusele amehlo ukusuka ngaphandle bezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, iinkophe ukunceda lonikezelo uniform phezu iliso amanzi ukukrazuka ngexesha ukuqhwanyazaemva iyasuswa amasuntswana emzuzwini inwebu uthuli. Iintshiyi, kakhulu, ukusa kumkhamo othile la engenamsebenzi yokhuselo, ukukhusela amehlo akho aqukuqelayo evela ebunzini lakhe, bazibilise.

Kwikona ephezulu olungaphandle amadlala lacrimal iliso socket ibekwe. imfihlo yabo ukhusela, uyayondla aze moisturizes i inwebu, kwaye kananjalo isenzo zintsholongwane. fluid ngokugqithiseleyo ngokusebenzisa izihluzi duct ukukrazuka kuloo ndawo ibinomthwebeba ngeempumlo.

Ukuqhubeka nolwazi nawokugqiba

Umbhexeshi analyzer bahlukana iquka iperi luvo optic eziphume neziseko zazo em- cranial kwaye iquka amajelo ezizodwa, yakha enye inxalenye yokunqumla okanye chiasma. Imifanekiso evela (ngaphandle) yinxalenye retina zexeshana kuhlala kwicala enye kodwa isaphetha yangaphakathi - bawela kwaye idluliselwe kwelinye icala ingqondo. Isiphumo kukuba ekunene intsimi olubonakalayo adluliselwa yi ikhweyitha yasekhohlo kunye ekhohlo - ekunene. Le ziyangenana kuyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe ngumqulu kumfanekiso olubonakalayo.

Emva uwelile kwisebe luvo umqhubi kuqhubeka phecana optic. ulwazi Visual ungena inxalenye neuron lobuchopho, nenoxanduva nokuhlawulwa ngayo. Loo zone ise kwingingqi Occipital. Kuza ukuguquka lokugqibela ulwazi efunyanwa a ukuzwa olubonakalayo. Nguwo lowo ngundoqo analyzer olubonakalayo.

Ngenxa yoko, ubume kunye nomsebenzi analyzer olubonakalayo kukuba loo ulwaphulo kuyo nayiphi na amalungu ayo, nokuba umqhubi ukubona okanye ummandla ehlaziya, kuqulatha ukusilela yomsebenzi wakhe xa iyonke. It ubhetyebhetye kakhulu, inkqubo obhityileyo, igqibeleleyo.

Ukunyhashwa analyzer olubonakalayo - iziphene okanye lufundiwe - yena, kungakhokelela kubunzima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni ekhoyo kunye nokukhubazeka.