Ummandla we Iran. Population umda uphawu Iran

Iran yenye ithi zinkulu Asia. It imingcele namazwe afana Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan kunye Armenia. Isixeko imali Tehran. Iran - ilizwe ogama kwintsimi kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo wagcinwa amaziko bokuqala lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu. Ziintoni iimpawu eziphambili kweli lizwe?

Inkcazelo Ekhaya neempawu wejografi Iran

Inxalenye ephambili lizwe ukwakweli thafa Iranian. Apha Plateau Zinokuxutywa kumathafa. Kwinxalenye esemantla lizwe xitsunga Elbrus. Oku ezahlulwe sisithuba isijungqu encinane emathafeni lweCaspian. Imozulu yeli lizwe - a njengezwekazi esihle. umlambo Iranian, njengoko umthetho, abaziphethe. Amachibi inkulu - Urmia kwaye Hamun.

Yonke indawo Iran i-yahlulwe kwizithili 27, okanye "ukuyeka". Izixeko inkulu ke Esfahan, Tabriz, Urmia, Abadan, Mashhad. Ubume be-Iran ikwaquka ezinye ziqithi, ibekwe nePersian Gulf kunye Ottoman. Ummandla ogcweleyo Iran - million 1,65 km ^2. Le urhulumente phezu kwendawo 17 ehlabathini ngokwemiqathango yommandla. lwemali Iran yeyona lwemali Rial.

umnotho

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo kwingingqi Iran kukuba sisityebi kwizimbiwa. Le manganese, ikopolo, chromium, zinc ekrwada. yorhwebo lokutya ezi iikhaphethi kunye neenkozo zepistasi, kwakunye nemveliso yokuloba. Inkoliso yabantu abahlala kummandla Iran, ibandakanyeka kwinkalo yezolimo. Enye yeengxaki engundoqo ukuchuma komhlaba eliphantsi kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi afreshi yokunkcenkceshela. Malunga yesithathu yabemi bebonke abaphangeli. Isikakhulu ke abantu abatsha.

labantu

Ngomhla kummandla Iran likhaya amaqela kwama-60 uhlanga. Ubukhulu becala ke namaPersi - behlala kwiindawo akumzantsi nombindi kweli lizwe. Kule gilaks emantla ubomi, abantu Mazanderani, Talysh. Kwi kwimimandla esentshona - Kurds, Lurs, Bakhtiaris, ngasempuma - Pashtuns, Baluchis, Tajiks. la zonke izizwe iyafana kuhlale ku namaPersi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Iran lelinye lamazwe "omncinane" ehlabathini lonke. Inani abahlali abangengabo kweminyaka engama-15 nama-25%. Le elandelayo olukhulu uhlanga - Azerbaijani. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, imali yabo kwi-20% ukuya kuma-40% labantu bebonke. Kutheni kukho inani elikhulu enjalo Azerbaijani abahlala kumacala omabini kwemida Iran? Oku kungenxa yokuba ngokwembali ummandla ngoku Azerbaijan yinxalenye yenkqubo karhulumente Iranian. Bayinxalenye eluntwini Iranian. A Kurds live (ukusuka kwisi-5% ukuya kwi-10% yabo bebonke) kwintshona ye Iran. Abemi elipheleleyo labantu million 78,4.

Iilwimi e Iran

Zeziphi iilwimi ivame kakhulu kubomi bemihla Iran? Ngenxa yoku, kukho ezininzi i kwengcamango. Uninzi Iran aba namaPersi kuqamba yobuhlanga. Ngako oko, bathi Persian, okanye isiFarsi. Persian - obanzi kunayo phakathi iqela Iranian yaseYurophu Indo-umthi ulwimi. Yena malunga nezigidi ezingama-50 bathetha e Iran (leyo ngaphezu kwe-80% yabo bebonke).

Akukho kuphela isiFarsi lulwimi olusemthethweni Iran - ngayo ukunxibelelana nabahlali Afghanistan, Tajikistan kunye Pamirs. Kukho kwakhona iindawo ezimbalwa abasebenzisa wamaPersi e Iraq, i-United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Kuba ukubhala isiFarsi abathwali ukuba modified alphabet Arabic - kuqhuba iileta ezimbalwa ezingekhoyo kwi-Arabic. ulwimi Persian iqulethe inani elikhulu leeyunithi lungelelanisa lathathwa Arabic. Olu lwimi waphembelela Persian ngenxa Ukoyisa kwinkulungwane 7.

Of imbali Persian

IsiFarsi has kakhulu unembali ende. Le mithombo lokuqala ulwimi yamandulo basePersi lilungu le nkulungwane BC 1. e. Nangona yokubhala esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Inguqulelo endala isiFarsi ndenziwa ukuguqulwa iminyaka eliwaka 2. Malunga 1 yeminyaka n. e. kwixesha eliphakathi basePersi, apho ulwimi olusemthethweni uBukhosi Sassanid. Xa BC ngenkulungwane 7. e. kwakukho utshintsho kwezopolitiko - ummandla wasePersi yoyiswa Arabhu. Ngelo xesha, kuMbindi wasePersi wayekuthanda Kuhlala beli amancinci kunye neqela nobuhlanga Parsis e-India.

Inqanaba elilandelayo - ulwimi New basePersi, edibanisa izinto Arabhu. Ukuqalisa ukususela ngenkulungwane IX, isiFarsi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ndizuze ubume ulwimi lwesibini zoncwadi kulo lonke ihlabathi Muslim. Okwangoku isiFarsi kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka ulwimi weklasiki New wasePersi. Ezi Umahluko ebonakalayo indlela yokubiza amagama nokubhala, kunye nesigama. Isiseko intetho ehambelana imithetho zesimbo kunye lwegrama, Tehran yi i isandiso.

uMongameli Iranian

Okwangoku, intloko Iran yi Hassan Rouhani, ophumelele May 20, 2017 ukhetho. Zonke kunyulo inxaxheba malunga nezigidi ezingama-41 Iran. Kuba umongameli okweso liye basuswa 57% yabavoti, lo gama iqela lakhe, Ibrahim Raisi, ezivotelweyo 38%. ilungiselelo karhulumente Iranian into yokuba umongameli kuthatha indawo yesibini kwi isiphumo - kwiqela elinegunya yezopolitiko intloko karhulumente kuxhomekeke iinkokeli zonqulo ( "Ayatollah"). intloko zonqulo inyulwa kwibhunga okhethekileyo. Ngoku Ali Khamenei.

isiko Unusual zokunxibelelana

Abakhenkethi abahambela Iran okokuqala zithande ukuba badidekile. Xa ufuna ukuhlawula iteksi - umqhubi uyala imali. Yizani kwisitora - into efanayo. Yintoni na isizathu? Kubonakala ukuba Iran bayamkela izenzo zenkcubeko phantsi kwegama kokunzima "taarof". Kakade ke, njengoko kwamanye amazwe, abantu musa ukufumana isipho kwempahla ezivenkileni okanye iinkonzo. Practice taarof kuyinto brand wengingqi - nto ibonakalisa yobuntu oyinyaniso basePersi. Ukuba umntu kumenywa ukuba bandwendwele kwilizwe okanye sangokuhlwa, oko ngumsebenzi kwabamenyiweyo - ukudlala ndawonye simemo kwaye ekuqaleni wala. Zinyamekele taarof e Iran phantse nayiphi na imeko lonxibelelwano.

ezimpahleni Famous Persian

Phakathi namaPersi abe esithi: "Lo ityali wamaPersi uphelele kuzo ezichanekileyo yakhe namakhwiniba engachananga." yabakho phi ngayo? Enyanisweni, iimpazamo okanye ezishiyelelweyo iikhaphethi bamaPersi zidalwe ngabom. Ngoko ke namaPersi bayakulangazelela ukubonisa ukuba nguThixo kuphela ukudala into egqibeleleyo. Ukushiya le mibuzo yonqulo, ekhaphethini basePersi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo lwenkcubeko Iranian. Emva koko, sele zeminyaka ngaphezulu kwama-2 kwaba. Ukukwazi ukwenza iikhaphethi kuxhaphake kakhulu kwezinye iingingqi - umzekelo, kwisixeko Kashan zisulelane kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

I Qur'an uchaza inkqubo kwasekudalweni kwehlabathi, umhlaba wadalwa nguThixo ngeentsuku ezintandathu. I yokuqala ekubalekeleni engapheliyo isithuba ukuba imizimba ezisixhenxe yasezulwini. Kwaye ngoko ngaphantsi kwabo bandlala ikhaphethi entle yomhlaba. Ngoko ke, ekhaphethini kwi isithethe eMpuma lu dityanisiwe i mini-umfuziselo kobukumkani bukaThixo emhlabeni. izinga lempumelelo eMpuma kuqikelelwa yi iikhaphethi ngenani endlwini yomntu, nendlela imali eninzi. Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile intsapho ayikwazanga amandla indlu yakhe ikhaphethi, kuba namfesane. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba iikhaphethi zokuqala kusungulwe izizwe amandulo Asia ephila.

ngegolide Real Iran

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Iran - umlimi inkulu amaqanda, omnye ngeemveliso ezininzi ibiza ehlabathini lonke. Ivela apha eza zazenziwe hlobo, yaye ngaloo ndlela kakhulu eninzi. Dolphin caviar ubizwa ngokuba "Almas" ixabisa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 engange e ngekhilogram nje enye. Ubudala iintlanzi ngenxa yale caviar yi ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-60 ukuya 100.

Kwaye loo nto bonke. Imveliso Iranian yesiko nesafron unamalunga emithathu zeminyaka. Malunga ne-90% yenani lilonke ezithunyelwa kule bulawu bungangobo oluvelayo apha. Ngelo xesha ibiza kakhulu iimpahla nesafron abaninzi. ixabiso layo malunga 4 amawaka. engange nganye gram enye.

Iinkolelo of Iran Ancient

Xa isayithi ka-Iraq namhlanje kunye Iran yake eMesopotamiya. Cities abakho apha Kwamandulo, ababhali-mbali mihla kubiza izixeko waseMesopotamiya. Bafika kwincopho lamandla alo kwi Ixesha Sassanids. inkcubeko urban amandulo Iranian kwabunjwa phantsi kwempembelelo wabhala kunye Manichaeism.

Wabhala - inkolelo mandulo kakhulu monotheistic. Igama layo emva ngunozala igama Zarathustra. Abahlali Greece yamandulo bakholwa Zarathustra sobulumko kunye nabakhwitsi. Bathi igama umprofeti Zoroaster e (ukusuka yesiGrike yamandulo "Aster." - "nkwenkwezi"). Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye, lo mprofeti owayephila ngexesha II nenkulungwane BC. e. Ngokutsho komphengululi Meri Boys, Zarathustra wahlala kwintsimi kwimpuma iVolga.

Manichæism wabonakala malunga ngo-III. n. e. Umprofeti wakhe waba Mani, okanye manęs, esasifunda intshumayelo 240 AD. e. kwi komkhulu loBukhosi Sassanid - Ktesifont. Umprofeti Mani wayeqinisekile ukuba zonke iicawa zehlabathi mnye. Isiseko Manichaeism yaba longquzulwano phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi.

Iintsomi malunga Iran

Enyanisweni, e-Iran ibe kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu ngokhuseleko loluntu. imisebenzi zakutsha emkhosini senzeka apha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 eyadlulayo. Le ukungaqondi kwafikela ngenxa abakhenkethi bakholisa xanisa Iran Iraq. Nangona isibakala sokuba Iran nemelene Afghanistan kunye Iraq, ibekwe endaweni yayo kukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo. Iran - Abantu banobubele gqitha yaye iindwendwe. ngonyaka ngamnye eze apha ukuze bakhululeke abakhenkethi ngakumbi nangakumbi ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Kwakhona Iran ibe kwinqanaba eliphezulu lemfundo kunye nenkcubeko, ingakumbi phakathi kwabafazi. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha abafundi baseyunivesithi - intombazana. Women nabo basebenza kwi ofisi ukwenza ushishino, ukuthatha inxaxheba kulonyulo. E Iran, abafazi bagqiba ukunxiba headscarves, kodwa musa lizigqume ubuso egubungele ubuso. Phakathi kwisiqingatha omhle labemi Iran ngayo ozinikezele abaninzi bathanda iingubo eziqaqambileyo.

Iran ukho kwindawo yesithathu ehlabathini inani ezikhumbuzo amasiko UNESCO, yesibini kuphela Italy neYiputa. Imbali wasePeshiya yamandulo, nto leyo yindlalifa namhlanje Iran, enze ngaphezu kwamawaka 5. Iminyaka. Ngaphambili zwi lasasazwa Iran: "Ngubani watyelela Isfahan -. Isiqingatha ihlabathi libone"