Iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo zendalo eRashiya: inkcazelo, ukuphonononga

iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo zendalo Russia - kuba aku- enkulu nezintsonkothileyo isifundo, leyo ingabonwa iminyaka emininzi. Kweli nqaku, nakuba kunjalo, kuya kunikwa ingcaciso ngokubanzi kuphela malunga nemeko yokusingqongileyo karhulumente Russian.

Kwi iimeko zendalo of Russia

Ngoko nangoko kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba imbono "iimeko zendalo" yaye "imithombo yendalo" Russia phantse engenakususwa. Enyanisweni, atsalwa kwilizwe luncedo imithombo yethu bayinxalenye bume yendalo, nto ibalulekileyo-bume engqongileyo. Noko ke, ingqiqo uchazwe apha ngasentla kusekho definition zabo. Ngoko ke, kuqala kuyimfuneko kukuxelela ngemeko-bume yendalo.

Uninzi oosonzululwazi mihla kunye neengcali ningalicaluli lona eli ingqiqo njenge ezithile iimpawu zendalo engqongileyo ukuba ngandlel nga kuchaphazela ubomi babantu kunye noluntu. Environment ne Natural Resources of Russia isoloko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba sithethe ngayo kuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba ziqaqambise mabinzana ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: imozulu kunye nesimo. Ukusebenziseka ku Russia, le nkcazelo ezimbini zitolikwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• kwemozulu, okanye "iqhosha lokulayita", umgangatho ubushushu kweli lizwe;
• uncedo, okanye "amathafa" - ingqokelela iindidi ezahlukeneyo sushi Izitenxo emazantsi imilambo, iilwandle, iilwandle, njalo-njalo ..

Imozulu kunye namageduka kusenokuba ezahlukeneyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo karhulumente. Umzekelo, yayingeyiyo East European Plain uthathwa nje enkulu ehlabathini. Kwaba apha ukuba uninzi lwemithombo yendalo eRashiya. Sibala zonke ezinye iindawo zeli lizwe, ebonisa iimpawu zawo zezulu isiqabu, ziya kuba elide. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho imisebenzi emininzi yenzululwazi kunye encyclopedia. Okulandelayo, uya kufunda malunga nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kunye namacandelo zabo ezinkulu kuphela.

Impembelelo iimeko zendalo

iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo yaseYurophu Russia kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kuphuhliso karhulumente. Okulandelayo, uya kuqonda ukuba kutheni. Okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuthetha malunga nendima edlalwa ngayo iimeko zendalo kunye zemozulu yelo lizwe. Igalelo ukuba banayo kwempilo njengabemi State, nakaloku, kwakuyakuhlala izigqibo. Man rhoqo lungisa imozulu kunye neemeko ezinikezelwa kuye ngokwemvelo. ERashiya, le ngxaki ingakumbi sibi. Ngenxa indawo enkulukazi neemeko zemozulu kwaye isiqabu karhulumente kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Kungenxa yoko le nto uphuhliso loqoqosho kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo akufani.

Esi sigqibo kuphela ukuyenza; iimeko zendalo yokusingqongileyo echaphazela kakhulu intsebenzo yomntu ngamnye, ngokunjalo zengqesho yoluntu. Konke oku becala ezimisele kwaye isixa iindleko eziphathekayo. Life, ezolonwabo, umsebenzi, imeko yempilo zabemi - konke oku kuxhomekeke kwi ukuziphatha yendalo engqongileyo. Kwaye malunga nefuthe na iimeko zendalo kunye noovimba kumbindi weRashiya, kuya kuboniswana kamva kweli nqaku.

ukuba nombono

Zeziphi izibonelelo Russian zendalo? Ziingcali kunye izazinzulu ezahlukeneyo ukuyityhila le ngqikelelo njengoko iseti iimpawu kunye amacandelo bume ezisetyenziswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu kunye noluntu. Ngaphezu koko, ezi mfuno yahluke kakhulu, kokubini ngokomoya nangokwenyama. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze sikwazi ukubona, mhlawumbi, izibonelelo zibalulekileyo zendalo: ngamanzi kunye nomhlaba. Ngezi zinto zimbini kwi planethi liphuma isixa okukhulu iindidi ngeendidi zezityalo kunye nezityalo. imithombo yamandla ezifana amahlathi, umoya okanye amandla namanzi, bio-fuels, izinto ezinokutsha kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi nayo imithombo ebalulekileyo yendalo.

Ngoko ke, imithombo yendalo linokuchazwa njenge uhlobo kwisiseko yendalo kuyo linokuyiqhuba imisebenzi yazo ebalulekileyo abemi Russian. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iikhrayitheriya ezingundoqo ukuze kubandakanywe izinto ezithile zendalo i ezifana into ebalulekileyo impumelelo kwezoqoqosho kunye ukwenzeka zobugcisa.

iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo okumbindi Russia: zonxibelelwano kunye nokusebenzisana

Kuye sele bathi, nto iimeko zendalo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. iimeko zokusingqongileyo eziqondwa njengezinto ezithile, amandla kunye nomgangatho endalo, nto leyo ngxexesha ethile amandla onemveliso zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba uluntu, kodwa akuyomfuneko ukuba umsebenzi. kwemithombo yendalo ezifanayo - kuba izinto ezithile esingqongileyo. Zisetyenziswa ngqo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu.

iimeko zendalo kunye noovimba isembindini Russia (nakwezinye iindawo kwakunye) ezinento omnye komnye. Kodwa njani? Xa sithatha iikhonsepthi thaca kwi aggregate, ufumana nje ukuba uluntu ubiza bume yendalo. Kulo mzekelo, ezimbini izinto eziyimfuneko, izibonelelo kunye neemeko, zizinto magama isihlobo. Kwixesha elithile imbali, izinto ezifanayo bendalo nako ukusebenza njenge resource kwaye ngemeko yendalo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ngobukho kuyibika umdla: ngokuhamba kwexesha, izibonelelo ngakumbi nangakumbi zendalo kwiimeko beklasi yenguqu. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba inkqubela lobuchwepheshe kunye nezentlalo ngokukhawuleza. Ngokomzekelo, singakwazi ukuthatha nelanga okanye umoya energy efanayo okanye amanzi enye. Zonke ezi zinto ziye kudala abaqondanga ngaphezu ngemeko yendalo. Ezi zinto zinefuthe kakhulu ubukho obuqhubekekayo zonke zehlabathi. Ngelo xesha namanzi kunye nombane ngoku ukubheka phantse ngokupheleleyo kwindoda, lo gama ngokwemiqathango usasale yohlobo ezi zinto nawo imithombo ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, buphele, yaye ngokusondeleyo ingqiqo ezinxulumene ezifana iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo Russia. Ngokufutshane chaza ezona ziphambili siya kuzama kamva kweli nqaku.

imithombo Agro-zemozulu

iimeko zendalo kunye noovimba eRussia ibisoloko kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngabaphengululi ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcali. Kwicandelo lezolimo kuyimfuneko ukulandela kwindawo yokuqala ukuba imithombo yendalo agro-zemozulu. Bona enye yezi ntlobo ezibalulekileyo candelo resource Russian. Izazinzulu kule klasi ziquka ukukhanya, ukufuma kunye nobushushu. Eneneni, zonke ezo zinto, nto leyo kakhulu kuchaphazela ukuchuma yezityalo ezithile. Zonke ezolimo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwezi zinto.

Ungacinga ukuba ukukhanya, ukufuma kunye nobushushu ayikwazi njengesiboneleleo ngqo kuluntu, ngenxa yokuba kunokuba iimeko ezithile, kuchaphazela oko akuyi kuba lula. Inxalenye, oku ntiyiso. Odnako izinto agro-zemozulu zonke izinto ezifanayo. Kwaye kukho eziliqela izizathu. Isizathu sokuqala ezinjalo - ukuba ubuchule bomntu kuwoyisa izinto ezidweliswe yokusingqongileyo. Kwimeko ukufuma kuli amanzi kunye nomoya - iphendukile. amandla emhlabeni kwakhona eziyintlanganisela ngokusebenzisa panels ezizodwa elanga. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umntu yayoyisa zonke ezi zinto bangaboni kuphela, omnye singatsho kakuhle ukuba yonke into nako kanye ukuba iimeko kuphela namhlanje ngempumelelo ukhonza resource.

izibonelelo zebhayoloji

Iimeko zixhaphakileyo zendalo kunye noovimba isembindini Russia, kunye asentshona nasemantla ke igama eziphilayo. Yintoni kanye ifakiwe kule qela? iingcali ezininzi zibhekisela kwiqela izibonelelo zebhayoloji kwenkqubo yokuzingelwa, ukuloba okanye amahlathi izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Russia utyebile kakhulu kwezi zibonelelo. Iindidi iimeko isiqabu kwemozulu kuthetha ubukho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo urhulumente izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Man kangangamawaka eminyaka ngenkuthalo usebenzisa ezi zibonelelo ezingundoqo, ezifana iinkuni, ukutya (namaqunube, amandongomane, imifuno kunye nezinye iimveliso), oboya, inyama izidalwa eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngokutsho linani lweziqalelo langoku, isimo sethu ubekwa kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini. Kuphela neemeko yebhayoloji yendalo kwemithombo North-West of Russia ukuvumela ukuba ukubiza ilizwe lethu enye elona nani likhulu lweziqalelo luncedo abantu. Oosonzululwazi kuba neetafile kudala ezahlukeneyo kunye nezibalo zenziwe ukuze ubone indlela i Russian Federation inee- izibonelelo zebhayoloji. Yonke le datha kube lula zifumaneka kwiimpapasho zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo.

imithombo Land

Ubungakanani bomhlaba kwilizwe elithile efana ngqo kwi ndawo mhlaba. Ngomhla umhlaba kwendawo mhlaba lugubungela malunga-29% yabo bonke ubuso umhlaba. Ngaloo 30% kuphela zingasetyenziswa ukuba imali wolimo ofanelekileyo ezikhulayo ukutya. Ke ezinye ndawo iqulathe anemigxobhozo, ezihambayo, neSekaka, iintaba njalo njalo. D.

imithombo umhlaba eRashiya mikhulu. Bona zenza inxalenye wethoba yonke kumphezulu womhlaba. Noko ke, inkoliso ilizwe eRashiya nje singasetyenziswa. Isizathu sokuba loo - le permafrost. Ngoko ke, ukususela 1,709 billion eehektare zomhlaba malunga 1,100 yezigidi iihektare azisetyenziswa konke konke, kwaye phantse i-60% yomhlaba emikhulu lizwe. Noko ke, amanani-nkcazo zinika data sinethemba: akhawunti malunga 11.5 eehektare zomhlaba ukuba ummi ngamnye Russia. Le yeyona anelona nani liphezulu kwilizwe liphela. Kuba umhlaba olimekayo eRashiya unikezwa-8% ubume ilizwe elo lizwe.

Ngenxa yokwaba kakhulu kwemithombo ezweni abasemagunyeni Russian Federation zinyanzelekile ukuba ukusasaza izityalo umgangatho ophezulu ikhule kwimimandla eli lizwe. Ngokufuthi kubekho iingxaki yaye kungakhokelela iingxaki zoqoqosho womelele. Kungenxa yoko le nto iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo yaseYurophu zantsi eRashiya, ngasentla okanye ngakwintshona lizwe eya kusasazwa kakuhle nangendlela efanelekileyo.

imithombo yamanzi

Zeziphi iimeko zendalo zamanzi kunye nezibonelelo ze-European North of Russia, empumalanga kumazantsi eli lizwe? Iingcali ezininzi zithi phantsi imithombo yamanzi karhulumente ibhekisela komhlaba kunye ehamba amanzi, amanzi glacial, kunye kwezulu. Ahambayo - ephawuleka amanzi, imilambo, iilwandle, iilwandle, amachibi, njl Ngokufihlakeleyo kanye omhlaba akhutshiweyo phantsi komhlaba ...

ubonelelo lwamanzi, lombane, ukunkcenkceshela umhlaba - zonke ezi nkqubo ebalulekileyo umane ayisekho ngaphandle kwamanzi. Uninzi lwamanzi iwela kummandla eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude. River Lena, OB, Yenisei kunye nezinye okudada ezininzi imithombo iphambili yokufumana amanzi kweli lizwe. Amanzi ebesoloko wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu. Kulo mzekelo, kwemithombo yamanzi oyinqaba kakhulu. Kukho iindidi ezimbini kuzo: exhaustible kunye alipheli. amanzi Fresh - yeyona ibalulekileyo ukuze kubekho umntu, kuba aselwayo. Isebenza kuphela ukuba kwamajelo aphelayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka nje ukusetyenziswa elifanelekileyo and sensitive yamanzi njengobutyebi.

imithombo yezimbiwa

Eziluncedo kwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba umntu kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo. Noko ke, sinako sele sinokuqiniseka ukuba zonke izimbiwa kufuneka iimpawu kunye nokugqitywa angahlaziyekiyo. ukwabiwa eyiyo kule hlobo maxwebhu uza kusebenzisa izimbiwa gama nangobuchule kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Eyona njongo kwezibonelelo izimbiwa - Industrial. Oosonzululwazi kunye neengcali bohlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu eziphambili:

• izimbiwa Non-zalo. Ezi ziquka lwemigodi yemichiza iziqalelo (phosphorus, iityuwa, apatites kunye t. D.).
• Metallorudnye nezithako. Kubalulekile ukuba ndikhankanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi kunye ores - emnyama okanye bebala.
• yezimbiwa Fuel. Oku kubangelwa ulwelo ezahlukeneyo olunokutsha ezifana amafutha, igesi, eziqinileyo (shale enokutsha, umgquba, d. Amalahle kunye t.).

Zonke izibonelelo kwezimbiwa edyokhweni kakhulu zisasazwe kummandla Russian Federation. Ngokusisiseko, iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo kumantla eRashiya zifuna isixa esikhulu lweziqalelo kwezimbiwa. Ummandla welizwe lethu, apho ubungakanani bezibonelelo kwezimbiwa namhlanje kakhulu - ngu zeAltai kunye Transbaikalia. kummandla Kurskaia, umzekelo, aziwa kabanzi kwindawo ekuthiwa anomaly ngemagnethi. Apha, a xi eliphezulu esikrwada imigodi kunye nezinye izimbiwa ezininzi.

Russia yimeko into ngokukhutheleyo uku rhweba ngaphandle zonke izibonelelo zendalo, ingakumbi izimbiwa. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye amazwe, injongo oko kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, ulondolozo kwezimbiwa kufunxwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngakumbi ezimeleyo, i-Russian Federation ithumela isixa esikhulu sezixhobo zokufunda wavelisa amazwe. Yintoni na uvavanyo lweemeko kunye nezibonelelo of Russia? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kuya kunikwa emva koku.

Uvavanyo zoqoqosho iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo Russia

Kukho kakhulu inani elikhulu ingcaciso kunye nezimvo ngayo kufuneka ukuba nazo zizivandlakanye indlela iimeko zendalo eRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, ingqiqo OKANYE Nazarevskiy ithathwa yeyona ixhaphakileyo nolusebenzayo. Yintoni ekuthethwa kwindlela Nazarevskiy? iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo zendalo of Russia zihlobene nezalathisi zendalo. Bonke bephela nangoku izikhombisi ngendlela nge-30, apho isiqingatha - imozulu. Ezi ziquka imvula, ubushushu, ziintshukumo zenyikima, yingqele-free ixesha t. D. Ukuphonononga ilungu ngalinye kwiziko Isikali esimanqaku okhethekileyo. Ngokuhambelana kuyo ezikhethiweyo degrees ezintlanu bume isivamvo intuthuzelo. Unalo mpawu zilandelayo:

• evumayo kakhulu;
• evumayo;
• kunokuba makuyekwe;
• esibi;
• ezimbi kakhulu.

Enyanisweni, zonke ezi zinto kwaye kuquka uhlolo iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo Central Russia kunye neminye imimandla yeli lizwe. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isahlulo sesine karhulumente wethu mhlawumbi ezimbi okanye mandithi othintela ukuba ubomi babantu.