Saprophytes - a ... Mushrooms saprophitic

Ihlabathi ephilayo sisityebi kwaye zahlukene. Kwaziwa kakuhle, yahlulelwe kwii zizikumkani ezine: iintsholongwane, izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nezinye izinto. Phakathi kwezi maqela kukho umsantsa omkhulu. Kodwa kukho phakathi kwabo kunye into efanayo, umzekelo, kukho saprophytes kunye irhorho kummandla ngamnye. Makhe sihlolisise konke oku iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Ukwahlulwa izidalwa eziphilayo uhlobo lokutya

Yonke into ephilayo ukuqinisekisa ubukho balo kufuneka engena evela ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile okanye amandla. Inkqubo yokusebenzisa ezi zibonelelo kuthiwa amandla.

Ngendlela yokondla zonke izinto eziphilayo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini:

• autotrophs;
• heterotrophs.

Autotrophs - eziphilayo ekwaziyo ngokuzimeleyo ukuvelisa eziyimfuneko kubo izinto eziphilayo ezivela ezingaphiliyo. Oku kuquka ezininzi izityalo ukuvelisa ukutya kwabo ukusuka icarbon dioxide namanzi esebenzisa amandla elanga.

Heterotrophic - lifuna indlela esele zenziwe organic izinto. Le iqela elikhulu eziphilayo ngaphakathi elibonelela omnye ulwahlulo ubunzima. Heterotrophs yahlulwe Biotroph kunye saprotroph. Ifidi yokuqala eziphilayo: izilwanyana okanye izityalo. Ziquka kananjalo nezinambuzane bebeziqhelanisa olu hlobo lobomi, xa inkosi yabo bobabini kubo kunye nokutya, kunye nendlu.

Saprotrophs ukutya Khipha enye evela izidalwa kwabafileyo okanye netuwa zabo (kuquka endleni). Eli qela libandakanya iintsholongwane, izityalo, umngundo (saprophytes) kunye nezilwanyana (saprophagous). Nabo ke, yahlulwe kumaqela ahlukeneyo: detritus (detritus-besitya), necrophages (liyigqibele izilwanyana kwabafileyo), coprophagous (endleni esidla) kunye nabanye.

definition

Lo gama abolekwe kolunye ulwimi, okanye kunoko, kudityaniswe ukusuka lamagama amabini Greek: sapros - "elibolile" kunye phyton - "izityalo". In saprophytes biology - a umngundo, izityalo kunye neebhaktiriya asetyenziswa izityalo ukutya kunye nezilwanyana zeethishu necrotic, kwakunye nezo elabelwe kwinkqubo bezinto ezingasafunekiyo. Bona esizigubungeleyo zonke ndawo - emanzini, umhlaba, umoya, kwaye imizimba eziphilayo.

Amaninzi saprophytes - bangabantu ukuba aziyongozi inkosi yakhe. Le ndoda zange naxa oko inani elikhulu ezincinane ezahlukileyo usoloko eluswini yakhe ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ngaphandle ebangela nasiphi na isifo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezimbi (ukuncipha sifo, ukwanda kakhulu kwenani iintsholongwane), izinto ukutshintsha, kunye saprophytes kunokubangela isifo esosulelayo.

kwezinto eziphilayo

Saprophytes uphethe indawo ebalulekileyo kumjikelo lomba endalweni ohlaba entsonkothileyo izinto eziphilayo zibe ezilula, sisalungisa ihlabathi ezibolayo izidumbu zezilwanyana. Ngubani izinto zalo Bani qela? Eqhelekileyo kwihlabathi saprophytes. Imizekelo yalo inokufumaneka kummandla ngamnye. Egcinwe ezahlukeneyo kwafunyanwa phakathi iintsholongwane (lenyama ezineseli enye-), kubandakanywa umngundo (nangexoshomba ukuya fungi asetyenziswa ngabantu njengoko ukutya), phakathi kwezityalo (nobulembu izityalo eneentyatyambo ezifana neentyatyambo).

Phakathi izilwanyana kubakho saprophytes (imizekelo apho nathi call). Kodwa ke baya kuba echanekileyo ngakumbi ukubiza saprotroph okanye saprophagous. Kwihlabathi isilwanyana saprophytes ezinye izinambuzane (ooqongqothwane, kwathunyelwa, kozheedy, lo ezidla iimpukane nezinye izinambuzane), yimisundululu, intlanzi ezininzi (yenamvuna, amphipods ezantsi). Phakathi abameli ezinkulu zezilo ziintaka (oonomyayi, oontloyiya, amanqe), ezinye iintlanzi kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana (leengcuka, amabhere nabo bonke, abo kufuneka ukuba badle nenkqo).

Bacterium-saprophytes

Iintsholongwane - kuba eziphilayo ezincinane kakhulu kangangokuba sizigqale kuphela ezinamandla kakhulu, ukwanda ngamakhulu amaxesha. Kwaye nangona ebomini mntu eqhelekileyo ayikwazi kubabona, ukujongana neziphumo yomsebenzi wabo kufuneka yonke imihla. Ngoko ke, ngenxa kubo nga khona iimveliso zobisi kunye newayini. Yaye ngoxa ezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezosulelayo, abanye kubo ukuzisa inzuzo enkulu emntwini.

Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, ezinye iintsholongwane coliform kunye bifidobacteria ezihlala wokugaya yabantu. Banceda umzimba ukufunxa izondlo ulwe flora izifo.

plants saprophitic

Nangona izityalo kwaye autotrophs (oko kukuthi, ukudala ngokwabo amandla ngoncedo kwelanga), oku kuthintela abaninzi ukuba babe ngexesha elinye ukuya kumlinganiselo othile kunye saprophytes. Kuba ubukho kufuneka irisithi le nto ephilayo ezongezelelweyo ukusuka emhlabeni.

Phakathi izityalo saprophytes - a nepayina, orchid, Begoniaceae kunye Cacti, yaye ubulembu ezininzi, yefeni kwakunye nezityalo.

awafanele saprophitic

Amakhowa - abemi abaninzi yamandulo Umhlaba, imbali yabo iya akukho emva kweminyaka ngaphantsi kwe lezigidi omnye ubudala. Bathe engaqhelekanga ukuze ixesha elide, zebhayoloji ayikwazanga isigqibo yokuhlelwa kwazo yaye babengazi ukuba ubukumkani ababuthweleyo. Enyanisweni, amakhowa ezineefitsha uphawu zombini izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba sele inikezelwe kwi bubukumkani eyahlukileyo.

Amakhowa - a izinto eziphilayo-heterotrophic single- okanye multi-ezineseli yayo iiseli kuba inucleus (eukaryotes). Zonke fungi abondliwayo nge sokufunxa igqityiwe ukusuka ezingqonge izinto zemvelo bume ngaphambili kusabiwa enzyme ezizodwa solubilizing, okt. E. Umetyiso lwenzeka ngaphandle komzimba.

Ngendlela bondle amakhowa bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu ezibanzi: irhorho, eziphila kunye saprophytes. Eli candelo ke sizalwa nezinye izipho zoMoya. Zilwanyana baqhelane ubomi nezinye izinto eziphilayo (okanye ngaphakathi), ngokupheleleyo ngenxa esidla nabo. Phakathi ngundo enokutyiwa amaphelo yaziwa kuthi sonke liqikelela yendawo.

Awafanele oluphakathi nisadla ubomi ngokuncama kwezinye izinto, kodwa kwangaxeshanye nokuzuza nto kuzo, khetha izimbiwa eziyimfuneko kunye kwenkunkuma. Phakathi kwabo, ezimhlophe mushroom, boletus, greasers, nesafron, boletus, Mokhovikov kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Lokuhlaselwa ukuba awadli izinto eziphilayo eshiyeke izityalo ezifileyo kunye nezilwanyana okanye netuwa zawo zibizwa saprophytes. Imizekelo ezinjalo fungi ukuba bayawazi: morels, imigca, amakhowa, njengeebhatyi. Kwakhona kolu luhlu kukho inani elikhulu nomngundo, umonakalo iimveliso.

Ukuze wenze nkulu ukunika ngokwazo kunye isondlo esaneleyo, ezi amakhowa babe isakhiwo efanelekileyo - elide enamandla mycelium, ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kwi zeendawana enokutyiwa kubo.

onkone saprophitic

Ezi eziphilayo ezincinane - abamelwane bethu rhoqo ukuba sihlale endlwini eluthulini. Kukuninzi, banyanisile esililini lethu - e kwentloko, oomatrasi kunye neengubo. Ngokwazo, abakwazi ukuba kubangele umonakalo, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki yaluma abantu yaye musa ukwenza naluphi na usulelo. Kodwa ke, iimveliso zabo pathways kunokuba yingozi kubantu abane komzimba.

Saprophytes ezidala bayakwazi ngexeshana elifutshane ixesha ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo abemi babo, ngoko musa abangxolise iindlela, ethembisa ukulahlwa ngokupheleleyo kubo. Xa kugcinwe nococeko olusisiseko (ukuhlamba impahla, ukutshintshwa ngexesha oomatrasi kunye kwimiqamelo, ukucoca emanzi) uyakwazi ukugcina ubungakanani eziyingozi amangolwane saprophytes kwinqanaba ekhuselekileyo noko impilo.

isiphelo

Njengoko sele sifundile, saprophytes - zizinto eziphilayo exhasa ubukho bayo ngenxa kokusetyenziswa izinto efile organic. Uninzi lwazo azinabungozi, luncedo abaninzi nje ezimbalwa ziyingozi. Enoba lwalunjani, ubukho babo kwindalo kuyimfuneko, zinika ibhayisekile mbandela kunye namandla, ngaphandle leyo kuvingcwa ubomi.