Ngubani na iNkosana? intsingiselo

Isihloko ephezulu wabanumzana ukuba sinxibe kuphela eYurophu. KumaXesha Aphakathi wanika umntu wesibini emva kokumkani. Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga ngubani Duke, singatsho ukuba ungumntu ngamafa amanene. Xa yelifa lakhe kwakukho iinqaba, umhlaba, abantu. Kumaxesha amandulo igama ekubhekiselwe kukumthetheli kwezizwe German.

translation ukuzimisela

Khankanya ukuba iimpendulo kumbuzo ngubani luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi inokufumaneka yeziKronike yamandulo. Igama elithi «Herzog» kuvela ulwimi yaseJamani. Inxulunyaniswa nabantu wokuzalwa amanene.

Igama elithi "Duke" lisetyenziswa kwezinye iilwimi:

• Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwigama yaseJamani elithetha "Duke» (Herzog) lichazwa ngokuthi, "ukuqhuba, ukuba baphile, ukuba bahlabele."
• (- lead duco) wasebenzisa igama leDux efanayo in Latin.
• In French igama elithi "Duke" lichazwa ngokuthi «duc».
• Inguqulelo IsiNgesi ubhekisela "umntu ezihloniphekileyo, nkosi" - «unyana».
• Italian Duke wabiza «Duca» lizwi.

definition kwisemantiki

Apha iinkcazelo lwesemantiki magama. Cinga ngubani iNkosana:

1. Intsingiselo yamandulo ilizwi luchazwa esizweni njengegorha.
2. Umnini umhlaba kunye nabantu.
3. Umntu wesibini emva kokumkani. Isihloko Noble abantu ekhethiweyo yi yezikhulu.
4. Amagosa inxaxheba kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni wokumkani. Bazithobe bakhe iigrafu.
5. ENgilani, ezo Neendwalutho kwakukho abantu nabathetheli igazi ezinxulumene, ookumkani.
6. I-Union of South Africa waba inkulumbuso ngo-1924-1939 Hertzog Dzheyms kaThixo. Ndaya ezantsi imbali lweli ubuhlanga, naye wala ukuba bathethe ngokuphandle ngokuchasene eJamani.
7. Umnini kwilifa - i Duchy into njengelifa. Kuye lwenza kwinqanaba kwamandla ophakamileyo yi Charles II Bald (877).

ukubaluleka Early kwimbali

Ngubani na ke Duke, iye ikhankanyiwe kumaxesha amandulo. abantu German igama njengoko jikelele yakhe. Xa kuhambo olude abantu baye iminyaka, yaye abanye babo bahlala kwi kwintsimi oyiswe. Le imfuduko wanika umgangatho ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo - nomnini-mhlaba, ingxelo ngqo kukumkani. Ukuze igosa wendawo igunya liphezulu.

Neendwalutho yaba uhlobo olwahlukileyo iimpahla kunxitywa kwemilo ezizodwa umqhele, wavakalisa ukuzimisela kwilizwe labo. Feoffee King ukugcina ucwangco kwiphondo yakhe, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwakhona kwakhokelela kumadabi ukuba iphelise uvukelo okanye zigxothe uhlaselo kwimida nezinto zabo. Ukungeniswa liqela trustees - iigrafu.

I Neendwalutho kwakudingeka ukuba athumele abantu ukuthanda kukumkani, ukuba iliso ukwenziwa imiyalelo yakhe kwaye ukujongana nemisebenzi yokohlwaya nxamnye uso. kwiphondo ngalinye kwaba nemiyalelo yayo kunye nemithetho ezongezelelweyo wegqitha ngqo kumnini-mhlaba.

isihloko European

Karl Veliky wazama ukususa isihloko ukuze aphephe kumzabalazo rhoqo geqe. Endaweni yezikhulu bamiselwa zendgrafy kunye margraves. Noko ke, inkcazelo yegama elithi "Duke" sigcine intsingiselo yayo namazwe angabamelwane.

Owayesakuba Neendwalutho wabuyisa ilizwi yaye waqhubeka yokuzilungiselela ukuzimela yayo. Bakwazi ukuba baphinde izihloko zabo zangaphambili. Ngoko ke, ngaphakathi Germany yedwa kwakukho duchies ngaphezu amahlanu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi;

1. Saxon.
2. Lorraine.
3. Swabian.
4. Franconian.
5. Wohlobo.

isihloko Highest imbasa esondele kuphela umlawuli, ukuze ukuvumela ekuthatheni amandla abachasi nabalawulayo. Igama elithi "Duke" saveza ikhondo kwexesha. Ngoko ke wabiza abaqeshwa ngurhulumente kazwelonke, ezalisekisa ukuthanda yokumkani. Kamva, le projekthi waqalisa ukongeza "Enkulu", oko sagxininisa ukubaluleka komntu ngegunya legama lakhe.

Kwamanye amazwe

Khawuve oko elithi "Duke" kumaXesha Aphakathi. Emva kokuba ukupheliswa isihloko wabanumzana baqalisa ukuxhathisa urhulumente kazwelonke, wammisa imithetho yabo egameni. abalawuli kamva baye bakwazi ukufumana ukuba ukuthobela, kodwa imfazwe yamakhaya yaqhubeka ixesha elide kakhulu.

Ngenxa yoko, emva Duchy yaye yasekwa phezu imimandla yamazwe aseYurophu:

• 1156 - Austria.
• 1185 - Pomeranian, wabhekisela ngaphambili njengoko Slavic;
• Ngowe-1273 - Yasekwa ngo Carinthian.
• 1339 - wabonakala Geldernskie.
• Ngowe-1349 - kwimbali Mecklenburg wangena.
• 1364 - Luxembourg.
• Ngowe-1356 - lasekwa Jülich.
• 1378 - savoy.
• Ngowe-1423 - waseka Duchy zeNdlu Wettin.

Ukususela 1844, endaweni kwesihloko luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi baqalisa ukusebenzisa nezinye izihloko. E eJamani, abantu azimeleyo ekuthiwa soBekekileyo, ngokunxulumene ayisetyenziswa ilizwi ubukhosi geqe. ENgilani, sisebenzise ibinzana elithi "inceba yakhe".

A nomphumela ofanayo oluvakele kwamanye amazwe:

1. karhulumente Polish-Lithuanian. igunya ducal Ngu uchaphazelekayo yeeNgwevu zokomoya, iingangamsha, ilifa wempangelo, amagosa karhulumente, Radney ngeepani.
2. Hungary. Ngu akhonze bokumkani ngayo inzalelwane abathetheli, zizigwili, Zizi. Le gaba wayenelungelo elisemthethweni inxaxheba kwimisebenzi karhulumente, efuna ukujongana nemiba ebalulekileyo kwiNdlu kurhulumente. Le ngqokelela ubizwa ngokuba "tycoons itafile" okanye "itheyibhile phezulu".

ENgilani e France

iphondo Ducal yaqhubeka ixesha elide, ngokugqibeleleyo ebonisa wesenzo ukuzimela axhobileyo. Kings bazama ngazo zonke iindlela ukuze bamanyane apha lifa amanene. ukungeniswa Uthenge abantu abazimeleyo zezivumelwano, umnyinyiva, imibutho yomtshato. Abo abazazi lwemithetho kwamandla ophakamileyo, kuphele ngenkani.

Ngenxa yoko, eFransi wema ngaphandle duchy enamandla:

• Gascon, Gienskoe.
• UBrittany, Burgundy.
• ENormandy, Aquitaine.

Kamva, ebudeni bolawulo uNapoleon I-qh, owayeyinzala kukaNapoleon III-RD, igama elithi "Duke" uphulukene intsingiselo yawo yokuqala. Oku kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba abaphathi baqalisa ukumnika isihloko nawuphi na umntu zenza. Nditsho jester omtsha unokuzibona abe nkosana.

ENgilani wabonakala isihloko Duke ukususela wolawulo lukakumkani Edward III. Ngaphambi kule kwakukho zizigwili, luthi. Ukuze ukuqaqambisa usapho lwabo, umlawuli ebizwa abantwana - abantwana:

1. Senior Prince of Wales wawongwa isihloko iNkosana yaseCornwall. ENgilani, olu hlobo zigcinwe unanamhla.
2. INkosana York.
3. INkosana Clarence.

Isihloko yanikwa abameli azo ingakumbi yezikhulu. Ngoko kwakukho ezo;

• Lancaster.
• Northumberland.
• Clarence.

Isihloko eRussia

Ukususela Menshikov, yaye wabonakala kwilizwi lakhe Russian elithetha "Duke". KumaXesha Aphakathi baba izidwangube abazizityebi kunye neendwendwe ezivela proteges ngaphandle ngamandla. Le isihloko wayekho nkqu Tsars Russian - Holstein-Gottorp. Wabhekisela imvelaphi yazo Western.

Kwimbali yelizwe zirekhodwe usapho kakuhle eyaziwayo Romanovs:

• Leuchtenberg.
• Oldenburg.
• Württemberg.

Neendwalutho waba namandla elipheleleyo. Kodwa akaba uthathe isihloko karhulumente ngokunxulumene ekuthatheni komhlaba apho irhuluneli langoku alikwazanga ukukhusela amalungelo abo. Ezi ziganeko zenzeka kwimbali kwamazwe aseYurophu.

ERashiya, isihloko kunxitywa wabanumzana, iindwalutho. Rank anikezelwe phantsi, kwinqanaba ithi ukuba usebenzise ezinye iinkcazelo amagosa kunye kakumkani close - iinkosana.

Ingaba kukho isihloko nakweyiphi na bexesha lakhe?

Phakathi ababephila zisekho nanamhla Neendwalutho of Luxembourg, uJean, babuyele kuye, eqala ibinzana elithi "Royal soBekekileyo." Isihloko INkosana yaseCornwall nguye Prince of Wales eNgilani.

Ukuba sicinga ukuba igama elithi "Duke" kweli xesha lethu, unako ukwenza imisebenzi ezifanayo lwesemantiki nkcazo:

• Njengoko kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, phantsi kwesihloko Duke waqonda imvelaphi amanene womntu.
• Zizo ilifa waya ezingxandeni kunye nezinye izakhiwo zembali.
• Isiphumo soku kukuba abantu isihloko okunjalo intywenka eninzi ngohlobo ngamafa komhlaba kunye nolondolozo.

Nangona kunjalo, i Neendwalutho yanamhlanje ayikho impembelelo yayo iziganeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Isihloko ukhumbuza abanye kuphela malunga ngemvelaphi mntu nendlu yakhe. E England kukho ezo namhlanje. Bengena oontanga kwinqanaba eliyiNtloko, apho ibekwe phezulu ngezansi ookumkani amanene.