Umlobi waseRashiya uAlexander Kuprin: ubomi kunye nomsebenzi, inyaniso enomdla

Ndiye ndabona iziganeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo uAleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin, zizaliswe iziganeko ezimangalisayo ehlabathini benzi ubomi nomsebenzi. imisebenzi wabo impumelelo efanayo naleyo abafundi eziqhelekileyo, kwakunye neengcali. amabali amaninzi Kuprin na uhlobo eqhelekileyo zoncwadi, ezifana "The Captain Rybnikov". Ngawo onke amaxesha bahlale ubuncwane enjalo ukusuka ebuncwaneni iincwadi Russian njenge "garnet isongo", "Shulamith", "Oles", "Listrigony," Junker "- zonke musa uluhlu Yintoni ufunde abantwana namhlanje amabali ezifana. " I-White Poodle " ! Alexander Kuprin kwilizwe lethu kukho ukuqondwa kuzwelonke ngokwenene.

Esakhula

Umbhali elizayo wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1880 kwidolophu encinane kwiphondo Penza. Uyise - igosa minor, wafa xa unyana wakhe akuyona konyaka ubudala. Umama ayikwazanga ukuvusa Alexander omncinane, kuba akazange abe nemali eyaneleyo, wayinika inkwenkwe esikolweni wayeyinkedama.

Alexandrov School e Moscow akandishiyanga ndedwa iinkumbulo limfiliba. Apha sadlula lokufikisa kunye nolutsha, zokuzonwabisa abantu bokuqala abatsha yunoshestkaya, imisebenzi uncwadi, yaye ngaphezu kwako konke kukuba isikolo bafumana Alexander Kuprin - abahlobo.

EMoscow wayemhle kunye nezithethe zabo oosolusapho, iintsomi alo, azingce amancinci-idolophu (ababuleweyo kwi wamaLungelo eyinkunzi!), Nosaziwayo ndawo kwayo, eccentrics. kwinkangeleko sixeko yaba kwanasemva akukho akunjalo.

qala ukubhala

Studies Kuprin wamnika imfundo ngokwanelisayo epheleleyo: iilwimi - Russian, isiFrentshi, isiJamani. Physics, izibalo, imbali, ngokwemimandla nangeendlela noncwadi (literature). Nazi zakutshanje, kwaye iye yaba yindawo ubomi kuye. Apha esikolweni, kwaye ebhaliweyo ibali lakhe lokuqala - ". Journal of the satirical Russian" "bt Last", imibhobho epapashwe ezishushu

Kuprin wavuya kakhulu, nangona wachitha ngeso senzo kwi kupholile (iincwadi, kodwa Kuprin abaselula akuvumelekanga ngaphandle ulwazi intloko yesikolo wayengazi oku, kodwa ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi ubomi engaphakathi waza wajika kohlwaywa).

Okokugqibela, i umbhali ngifuna yaba kwiklasi yokuqala wakhululwa esikolweni waza wamiselwa ukuba bakhonze kumda kumzantsi-ntshona eRashiya, iidolophu ezikude amaphondo isicwangciso bona ezichazwe krelekrele ebalini "ezimbini zokucwangcisa," yaye bali "The Wedding".

Service kwimida yelizwe

Material for kakhulu, nzima de kube sekupheleni imisebenzi, ezifana "Enquiry", "Bed" kunye nabanye baqalisa inkonzo kumda. Noko ke, umbhali ukucinga nzulu izinto zasemsebenzini zoncwadi. Kwafuneka ukuba bathenge ngokwaneleyo kule amava, waza wapapasha kumaphephandaba zephondo kwaye bali "Xa ebumnyameni" wathabatha lowu "Ubutyebi Russian".

Ngowe-1890 Kuprin, ubomi nomsebenzi kwabonakala ukuba azigubungele moss kwi boondocks, wadibana ngesiquphe kunye yaseChekhov kunye Gorky. Zombini inkosi wadlala indima enkulu kwi okumiselwe Kuprin. Ngokuqhelekileyo, Alexander Kuprin isebenza zazisa njalo kakhulu, kwaye nkqu nangaphezulu - izimvo zabo, yaye yaseChekhov phantse neyabantu.

The main isihloko

Akukho namnye eziphambili ezibalulekileyo isihloko ukuba ukusetyenziswa ubomi ngayo umbhali Alexander Kuprin, - uthando. Heroes evela amaphepha ukubhala kwakhe ukukhanya ngqo le ndlela, ebonisa obubonakala okusemandleni, soloko eqaqambileyo, soloko kabuhlungu, ngaphandle ezimbalwa kakhulu (umzekelo, "Lilac Bush" - eli bali emangalisayo esihle amandla isithombe i "neziphiwo abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi" yi O. Henry, apho yonke iphela kakuhle, ngaphandle ihlazo-igosa liqhawe ngenxa inkohliso yakhe elincinane). Bonke ababhali bokwenene njengoko Kuprin uAleksandr Ivanovich, engobomi inceda ukudala.

"Oles"

Umsebenzi wokuqala ngokwaneleyo enkulu nebalulekileyo kakhulu ngo-1898 apho. Eli bali "Olesya" - buhlungu, ngaphandle melodrama, ukukhanya, yothando. Ihlabathi endalo Heroine - yokomoya ngokuvisisana ngokuchaseneyo indoda isixeko esikhulu nogonyamelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkululeko ngaphakathi, elula Olesya watsala ophambili ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu iqhekeza umazibuthe ngentsimbi.

ububele Craven unamandla ngaphezu kobutyebi ngokomoya, phantse ngokubulala intombi ecocekileyo womelele. Umda wobomi ekuhlaleni kunye nenkcubeko ungatshintsha, nkqu umntu zendalo ezifana Olesya, kodwa le into Kuprin ayivumelekanga. Kaloku ingqiqo eliphezulu nothando kubuya usiphilise izinga lomoya owatshabalalisa impucuko. indawo ngoko ophezulu eli bali encomeka ubomi Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha wafundisa yonke babone ukukhanya nasethunzini, oko ecace.

"Garnet isongo"

Kwiimeko ezininzi inyaniso ngemihla, umbhali ufuna yaye ufumana abantu abanjalo, ogama phithi ingqiqo ephezulu ukukwazi ukuba angalandeli iprozi ubomi nokuba ngamaphupha. Ethetha nenkcazelo "indoda encinane", Alexander Kuprin, ogama iincwadi ziyafundwa ngokubawa, isebenza ngokwenene imimangaliso. Kungcono ninikane kuprinskomu "omncinane" yindalo yomntu ezichuliweyo, uthando lako, lithemba kunye ayinyamezeleki. Yinto ngummangaliso, isipho esihle. Nokuba uyafa, evuselela uthando ubomi, ekoyiseni ukufa. Kwaye umculo, umculo, umphefumlo azalwe. Ikhala kumgca ngamnye, ukusuka a abandayo Eyokuqiqa nesimilo eziva ihlabathi.

Okwenyaniso uthando kaPlato ugcina kabuhlungu. abalinganiswa ubumsulwa unamandla okudala ezakhayo. kuvela Ezi abalinganiswa phambi abafundi njengoko Kuprin wabona ubomi umsebenzi sisondela nabo kwihlabathi okhohlakeleyo, ezama ukwaphula umphefumlo-ethe. Kulo mzekelo, phantse kusoloko kukho abathile underestimation hero ngokwakhe, ukukholelwa ilungelo ilifa mfazi elinqwenela lonke ntle yakhe. Noko ke, ukuntsonkotha iimeko kunye nomdlalo ngesiphelo Ihamba umfundi nemvo lithemba, amaqhawe abehambise umfundi Alexander Kuprin, incwadi yakhe yonke - nemihlali kakhulu, sinethemba. imvakalelo Light emva kokufunda ixesha elide kodwa angazishiyi umfundi.

"I-White Poodle"

Eli bali, eyapapashwa ngo-1903, ngomhla organ grinder endala, inkwenkwe Seryozha nenja wabo othembekileyo - a poodle Arto kunye nombhali ogama - "The White Poodle". Alexander Kuprin, ngokufuthi kunjalo, ibali eboniswe ebomini. Ngu dacha akhe kwafika iindwendwe - amagcisa, perekhozhie nje ngabantu, zihamba yonke privechala usapho Kuprina, isidlo ukutya waza wamnika ukuba asele iti. Phakathi kweendwendwe baba khona indoda endala kunye hurdy-gurdy, i-Acrobat kunye inja emhlophe Post ubugqirha encinane. Leyo ke owathi umbhali malunga kwenzeke ntoni kubo.

Rich lady zanyanzelisa ngokuthengisa poodle yakhe encinane, nyana nezimoshakeleyo abangenazigqibo, abadlali, kakade, wala. Eli nenekazi waba nomsindo, waqesha umntu utshontsha inja. Kwaye Sergei esichengeni ubomi bakhe ekukhululeni ayithandayo Artoshku. Ibali Kuprin kwabonakala umdla kwelo bali lula kuquka ezimbini imixholo zakhe azithandayo - ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nobuhlobo akanamdla, uthando izilwanyana, ukunyamekela kubo. Kaninzi umbhali endaweni ukusebenza, njengoko wathi yena Kuprin uAleksandr Ivanovich biography.

"I ezimbini zokucwangcisa,"

Ebudeni inkonzo, Lieutenant lesibini 46th elihamba webutho, kunye Dnipro wamitha ubunzima Alexander Kuprin "Le zokucwangcisa." City Proskurov apho Wakhonza, ngokulula zingabonakali kweli bali. Phezu umhlala-phantsi wakhe, umbhali waqalisa nokumisa iirekhodi zabo abanemfundo. Xa ugqibile ibali, oko bedumisa Mxim Gorky, ebiza amagosa buvele zonke iingcinga kunye ngokunyaniseka kufuneka wenze andinakuyilibala.

Kwakhona A. V. Lunacharsky sungula ku "umdlalo" Inqaku "PRAVDA" ekwindla ka-1905, apho ngandlela zonke umxholo kunye nesimbo sokubhala nezakhayo, esithi malunga namaphepha ezintle kweli bali Kuprin, ezo isibheno obungenakuphikiswa umkhosi, kunye negosa ngalinye uya kuva yakho neporugannoy ilizwi imbeko.

Eminye imiboniso "ezimbini zokucwangcisa," Paustovsky igama intle ncwadi Russian. Kodwa kwakukho iimvavanyo kuzo ezihlabanayo. Asingabo bonke wavumelana CSKA kulombono kutyhilwa Alexander Kuprin (ubomi kunye nomsebenzi wathi ngokucacileyo ukuba akazange abhale igama yobuxoki). Noko ke, uLieutenant General Geysman atyhola nombhali ukunyelisa, intiyo umkhosi yaye le nkqubo uzame yezopolitiko.

Lo ngomnye weyona misebenzi ibaluleke gqitha Kuprin malunga ngembali ukungqubana Lieutenant oselula Romashov igosa eliphezulu kuluhlu. Amasiko, izilumkiso, igosa ubukrwada uluntu - bonke ubomi kwakhuthaza Kuprin butho yephondo nizihlabe ukusuka inqubo entsha romantic kunye - kwakhona! - langoku, uyaxolela, kanye olubanzi, uthando lokuzincama.

Uhlelo lokuqala kwinoveli apapasha azahlulele Maksimu Gorkomu, njengoko zonke zobundlobongela kunye kakhulu ebhegini kweli bali ekukhangeleni ifuthe layo. Kodwa ibali zange singafani yaseChekhov, kwaye imo yothando - ngakumbi kwe Kuprin waba kakhulu babhidekile yaye kwamcaphukisa.

Xa ekwindla kwalo nyaka umbhali esetyenziselwe Balaklava kwi eCrimea, apho wayefunda khona ngokuhlwa sa Nazansky omnye ukusuka 'ezimbini zokucwangcisa ". Balaklava - emzini emkhosini, nasezindlebeni lo mzuzu yajika lukhulu. Aduma ngehlazo enkulu, nto leyo yanceda ukucima matiloshe, kamva uLieutenant P. P. Shmidt, ngenyanga wakhokela imvukelo kwi Cruiser "Ochakov". Umbhali wabona kwabantu mathupha abangcangcazelisi yimikhosi karhulumente kunye bavukeli uchaze ezi ziganeko ngokuthumela imbalelwano eSt Petersburg, iphephandaba "New Life". Ngexesha lo Kuprina ukusuka Balaklava wathumela iiyure ezingamashumi amane anesibhozo. Kodwa ke umbhali nako ukuze basindise ukuhlukunyezwa oomatiloshe ezimbalwa ukusuka 'Ochakovo ". Le mvukelo ke amabali ezintle zabhalwa: "Caterpillar", "iiNefili" emangalisayo "Gambrinus".

usapho zombhali

Umfazi wokuqala wayengasebenzi Kuprina Karlovna Davydov, lowo watshata ngo-1902 waza wafumana umtshato ngo-1909. Wayeyintokazi ofundileyo kakhulu, intombi cello wodumo ngumvakalisi le magazini. Umtshato elandelayo waba ngumfazi a laseburhulumenteni owaziwayo Nicholas Jordan-Negoreva. Maria Karlovna washiya iinkumbulo ethi Kuprin - "iminyaka abancinane".

Bahlala kunye, kunye nentombi - noLidiya Aleksandrovna Kuprina, owafa ekuqaleni kowe-1924, enika umzukulwana wakhe Umbhali Alexei. Abantwana Kuprina Aleksandra Ivanovicha kunye nomzukulwana wakhe akashiyanga enye inzala ozelwe wayeka Kuprin.

Umfazi wakhe wesibini, Ndithelekelele yakhe nomthetheli - Elizabeth Moritsevna Heinrich, abaya kuzeka umbhali satshata ngo-1909. Yena ke intombi umfoti kunye udade umdlali. Elizabeth Moritsevna ubenzile bonke ubomi bakhe, ngelo xesha akunjalo, yaba ngumongikazi. Ndandingakwazi ukuphila ekungqingweni lwe eLeningrad.

Ke intombi Xenia Alexandrovna, intombazana entle clever, yintandane usapho nje kuphela, kodwa abantu, ubuncinane kancinci lokuncokola naye. Wayesebenza endlwini yefashoni kufuphi ngelo xesha uPawulos Poiret, umzekelo kunye weqonga. Ngowe-1958 wabuyela eFransi ukuya eSoviet Union. Kwakhona wabhala memoirs "Kuprin - ubawo wam." Wayedlala indawo yemiboniso eMoscow ogama emva Pushkin. Xenia Kunyaka-ubudala wabonakala Zinaida udade, kodwa ngowe-1912, ebulawa yinyumoniya.

Pre-imfazwe, imfazwe nasemva-imfazwe iminyaka

Zonke 1909 Kuprin basebenza nzima - wabhala kwinoveli kunye namaxesha yingozi kwizifundo zethu. Umbhali wayefuna ukubonisa ubomi ngaphakathi kwe yamahenyukazi kwindawo ethile kweli phondo. Tale ngokuba "I isihogo". Le yabhalwa ixesha elide. Kulo nyaka mnye Prize Pushkin bawongwa, kwakunye Ivan Bunin. Eli ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni ukusuka Academy of Sciences.

Ngowe-1911 Kuprin kwafuneka ukuba uthengise ilungelo izdatelstkoe Gqibezela Works. Ndihluthi, ndizamkele nje umrhumo kumshicileli ikhulu lamawaka, sele ngo-1915, umbhali wabhala ukuba zibandakanyeke ematyaleni. Emva koko yapapasha ibali "garnet isongo", apho wabhala ngesisa kangaka Kuprin uAleksandr Ivanovich, amabali "telegrapher" yaye "ubuxoki engcwele" - isebenza kakuhle, ombambazelayo, buhlungu. Bathi wabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umphefumlo umbhali akuxhomekekanga zibandakanyeke ubutyebi, ukuba kusekho ukulungele ukuba novelwano, ukuba uthando novelwano.

Ngowe-1914 Kuprin kwakhona ngokuzithandela ukuba imfazwe, elinye. Wakhonza eFinland, kodwa ixesha elide; yena yathatyathwa ungafanelekanga ukuba nkonzo zempilo. Wabuyela ekhaya, yaye ekhaya - esibhedlele: Elizabeth Moritsevna nentombi Xenia eluncancisa ababuleweyo ... wegqitha iminyaka imfazwe. Revolution of 1917 Kuprin akazange aqonde kwaye abazange bayamkele. ULenin akazange nje. Emva kokoyiswa intshukumo eMhlophe 1920 Kuprin washiya Russia.

iminyaka engamashumi yobomi Kuprin eFransi wabonisa ukuba kunzima kangakanani na ukutshintsha abantu Russian aphesheya. Kwakufuneka holo. imisebenzi Umbhali idumileyo zaye zaguqulelwa French, kodwa entsha ezingabhaliweyo. Amashishini ngakumbi zange isebenze ngaphandle. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - badla umphefumlo otshobayo. ulutsha bengasekho, ezempilo, amandla, ithemba ... Yiyo le nostalgia eligcwele ngomsebenzi kuphela ezinkulu ebhalwe ngu Alexander Ivanovich kude Russia - inoveli "Juncker". Kufunyenwe iinkumbulo phantse obungamaxwebhu yesikolo wamajoni, efudumeleyo, sad, kodwa uhlobo olufanayo nonobubele ezihlekisayo kuprinskim. Yena ngokwenene, wayefuna ukubuyela ekhaya ngokwenene.

Ekhaya!

Kakhulu emva kwexesha, kwafika eli phupha Kuprina oyinyaniso ukubuyela eRashiya. Umbhali abagulela ukufa wabuyela ekhaya ukuze afe. Intlanganiso ngeyona eshushu - wayemthanda kakhulu kangangokuba phantse yonke eMoscow wagqiba kumkhawulela. Joy Alexander Ivanovich ibingenakubalwa. Okuzibonela ndiyamngqinela ukuba ukukhala, oko beqhutywa yonke: oonyana, kunye nevumba lokhokho, ingakumbi ingqalelo nothando kwabanye. Umbhali, nangona ukugula kwakhe, yapapashwa: isincoko phezu eyinkunzi "eMoscow lweenkobe", ngoko ke memory of Gorky (kunye sokungagqibeki enkulu, njengoko yokushiywa Kuprin Gorky abazange balithande inkxaso kunye nokuhambisana "ulawulo ngokunxunguphala nobukhoboka").

Phantsi entsha 1937 Kuprin bafudukela eLeningrad bahlala apho, engqongwe ukhathalelo kunye ingqalelo. NgoJuni 1938, wayetyelela Gatchina wakhe amthandayo, apho yakhula kanye Lilac ukuze ngokumangalisayo. Bazoyeka nemiqolomba zabo omdala, kunye asixhenxe amawaka awubuyekeze, ahlala umhlobo womhlolokazi womzobi odumileyo. Kuprin wayehamba egadini omnandi onokuwuphulaphula uxolo novuyo tu.

Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sasikhona, uxilongo ndaphants - umhlaza emphinjeni. ELeningrad, emva kokubuya Gatchina, ibhunga wagqiba ukusebenza Kuprin. Okwethutyana waba ngcono, kodwa oogqirha walumkisa themba, kulo mgaqo, nokuba yintoni. Kuprin wafa. Ngemihla yakutshanje, wenza konke oko kunokwenzeka - oogqirha ilungileyo, unonophelo emihle. Kodwa le ukwandiswa ngobomi kube ngonaphakade.

ubomi obungunaphakade

umgxeki boncwadi, wabhala memoirs umfanekiso ocacile oluphawulekayo, umbhali Russian ngokwenene, ngubani baqhubeka izithethe best classical of ngokoqobo ezibalulekileyo, umlandeli qwa L. N. Tolstogo. Alexander Kuprin, leyo uphindo ngethuba kwekhulu, ubhale ngaphezu kwekhulu imisebenzi lweendidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo. Yena eyinyaniso, ngokunyanisekileyo, kunye usebenziswano olukhulu ezichaphazela ebalulekileyo ngamnye intetho yakhe, wabhala kuphela oko nazo, wabona, perechuvstvoval.

Kuprin abhekiswe abaphulaphuli kangangoko kunokwenzeka, umfundi ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kwisini kunye nobudala, wonke umntu uya kufumana imigca bakhe zabo, zaziswe. Nobuntu, ukuqhubeka, wena mvuyeleli, iplastiki, inkcazelo ecacileyo, esisityebi kunene ulwimi uncedo Kuprina imisebenzi nanamhla omnye kakhulu ngokubanzi ukufunda. imisebenzi yakhe ziye iyaqhutywa, abaqalise kunye iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi.