Barto Agnia. Biography kunye nobuchule

Yayiyiphi indlela yokuphila kaBarto Agnia? I-biographie yintandane eyintandokazi, eneenkondlo ezikhulile izizukulwana ezininzi zabantwana, inomdla umdla wabantwana ababazi imilolozo yakhe ngentliziyo, kunye nabazali abakhulisa abantwana babo kwimigca eyaziwayo. Uthiwa "Inkunzi yenkomo, ithambile ...", "I-Tanya yethu iyakhala ngokukhawuleza ...", "Bawahlalisa ibhere phantsi ..." badibene namanyathelo okuqala omntwana, igama lokuqala elithi "umama", utitshala wokuqala, inkokheli yokuqala yesikolo. Isitayela sale mizila eyintandokazi kulula kakhulu, umbhali uthetha kumntwana, njengontanga, ngolwimi aluqondayo.

Akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ngeentlekele ezibuhlungu zale mntu oqaqambileyo, malunga nendima ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo u-Agnia Lvovna Barto, onobumba bakhe obunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nabantwana, uthathele yena. Kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe, isibongo esidumileyo sasihlangabeza amawaka abantu abalahlekile ngexesha lemfazwe.

U-Agniya Barto: ubuchule kunye ne-biography

Kubantwana, u-Agniya Barto ngumlobi wokuqala kunye nomthandayo, ombongo lwakhe, okhulile kunye nokudala iintsapho, xelela abantwana babo sele bevele. U-Agnia Lvovna wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 4, 1906 kwintsapho kaLevi Nikolayevich Volov, ugqirha wezilwanyana. Intsapho yayikhokelela indlela yokuphila eyenzekayo ekhaya ngelo xesha: ngeziko lemfundo yaseprayimari, isiFrentshi, izidlo zokutya. UBawo wayebandakanyekile ekukhuliseni; Ukuba ngumtsalane wobungcali, wabona intombi yakhe njenge-ballerina eyaziwayo, okwakungekho uAgnia. Le ntombazana yayinomdla kwelinye ityala - le ndinyana, eyayihamba nayo emva kweentombi zakhe zokuzivocavoca.

Ngomnyaka we-1925 iincwadi zokuqala zeengqungquthela zabantwana zanyatheliswa: "Kitaichonok Van Li", "Mishka isela". U-Agnia wayenentloni kwaye, xa wayezimisele ukufunda inkondlo yakhe ku-Chukovsky, umbhali wayenomfana oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ekugqibeleni, ekukhethweni kwesihloko sesibongo, intombazana enetalente yazimiswa emva kwengxoxo kunye noVladimir Mayakovsky, apho wayethetha khona ngesidingo seenkondlo zabantwana abatsha abangabamba indima ebalulekileyo ekufundiseni ummi ozayo. U-Agnia Barto wayekholelwa ukuba imisebenzi yakhe yayiya kubafundisa abantu abathandekayo, abathandekayo, abathandekayo belizwe lakhe. I-Biography Agniya Barto kubantwana idibene neengkondlo ezizithandayo; Ukusuka kwipeni lomlobi ovela ngo-1928 ukuya ku-1939 kwaphuma iziqoqo zeenkondlo: "Inkwenkwe ngokuchaseneyo", "Abazalwana", "Iimoto", "Snegir".

Ubomi besibongozi: ubuchule kunye nobuqu

Ubomi bomntu ka-Agniya Barto abuzange bubuhlungu; Ekuqaleni ngokwaneleyo wadala intsapho nomlobi uPaul Barto, wazala umntwana - unyana kaGarik. Umtshato wokuqala wanika ikhefu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokukhawuleza kwentsha, kwaye mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa yimpumelelo yezobugcisa uPavel Barto akakwazanga ukudibanisa. Xa eneminyaka engama-29 ubudala, u-Agnia washiya enye indoda-isazi senzululwazi uAndrei Vladimirovich Shcheglyaev, owaba yintando ebalulekileyo ebomini bakhe. Ukusuka kuye uAgnia wazala intombi uTatiana. Ubunzima bokungqubuzana no-Agniya Barto kunye negunya le-faculty ye-Power Power Institute yaseMoscow Power Institute ("oyena mfundisi ongcono kakhulu weSoviet Union") - Andrei Vladimirovich - abatsha abadlali, abaculi kunye nabalobi kwindlu yabo. U-Agnia Barto wayehlobo oluhle kakhulu noRina Zelena noFaina Ranevskaya.

UBarto Agnia, ophiko lwakhe luvuselela inzala yezizukulwana ezikhulile ezazikhulayo, zahamba ezininzi kwiindwendwe ezivela eSoviet Union, kwaye ngo-1937 zathatha inxaxheba kwi-International Congress kwiNkcubeko yeNkcubeko. Kukho apho wabona ngamehlo akhe into yokuba i-fascism yayiyiyo, kuba iintlanganiso zaziqhutywe ekutshitshiseni iMedrid, kunye neenkedama zantyantyambo zajikeleza phakathi kwezindlu ezonakalisiweyo. Ingxaki ebunzima kakhulu ku-Agnia yenziwe ngentetho yowesifazane waseSpain owabonisa umfanekiso wonyana wakhe waza wamgubungela ngentloko ngomnwe, echaza ngale ndlela le nkwenkwe yaqothuka yigobolondo. Ungadlulisela njani iimvakalelo zomama oye wasinda umntwana wakhe? Kwimibuzo embi wanikwa impendulo emva kweminyaka emininzi.

UBarto Agnia: i-biography kwiminyaka yemfazwe

U-Agniya Barto wayesazi ngokungaqiniseki kwemfazwe neJamani. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30, watyelela eli lizwe elihlambulukileyo, elihlambulukileyo, wabona amantombazana amancinci agqoke e-swastikas, aziva izivakalisi zeNazi kwiindawo zonke. Ngombongi, imfazwe inenceba; Kwaye kwakuba ngethuba lokufuduka kwakukude nomyeni wakhe, owathunyelwa kwiiUals, okubizwa ngeSverdlovsk. Ngokutsho kukaAgniya Barto, ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekiswa ngamazwi ombhali uPavel Bazhov, ii-Urals zazivaliwe, zikhuni nabantu abangathembekiyo. I-Sverdlovsk abaselula, bethathe indawo yabantu abadala abaye bahamba phambili, basebenze kwizityalo zokuzivikela. I-Agnia yayimfuneko nje ukuba ixoxe nabantwana, abavela kuzo banikeze izifundo kunye nokuphefumlelwa. Ukuze ngandlela-thile ufike kufuphi nabo, imbongi ibonakalisa umsebenzi we-turner weklasi ye-2. Ukusebenza kwi-lathe, wayibonisa ngokucacileyo inzuzo yakhe kuluntu ngokunyanzela ukubeka kwisikhokelo semfazwe enobudlova. U-Agniya Lvovna uthetha kwirediyo yeMoscow neSverdlovsk, wabhala amanqaku omkhosi, iincwadana, iinkondlo. Ngomnyaka we-1942 wachitha kwi-Western Front, kuba ngumthunywa we-Komsomolskaya Pravda. Kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe, ndaya e-England, eBulgaria, eJapan, e-Iceland nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi.

Inkxwaleko ye-Agniya Barto

EMoscow, imbongi yabuya ngo-1944. Ubomi buya kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, abahlobo babuya ekuphumeni kwabo, abantwana baphinde baqalisa izifundo zabo. Wonke umntu wayejonge phambili ekupheleni kwemfazwe. NgoMeyi 4, 1945 yayingumhla onzima ka-Agnia. Ngaloo mini, iloli eyahamba ngeenxa zonke, yabulala uGarik oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, owayegibele ibhasikidi, wafa. Usuku loLwaphulo lwaluphelile intliziyo yomama, akazange abe ngumntwana wakhe. Emva kokuva le ntlekele, u-Agnia waphenduka konke uthando lwakhe kwintombi yakhe uTatiana, eqhubeka esebenza nzima ekudaleni. 1940-1950-zaphawula ukukhululwa kweeqoqo ezintsha ze-Agniya Barto: "Ukubonga iiNgqungquthela", "Umlingisi wokuqala", "Iingongoma zabantwana", "iZvenigorod." Ngexesha elifanayo, umbongo usebenze kwimiba yeefilimu zezingane "U-Alyosha Ptitsyn uvelisa umlingiswa", "U-Foundling", "Indlovu neNdondo". Ngomnyaka we-1958, umjikelezo obalulekileyo wemibongo yabantwana "i-Leshenka, Leshenka", "Umzala kaTatomkhulu" wabhalwa.

Intando yesithandwa yezizukulwana

UBarto Agnia, obomi bakhe banomdla kubalandeli bakhe, ngenxa yemibongo ebhaliweyo, waba umbhali onamandla, oyintandokazi yeSoviet Union yonke, "ebusweni bencwadi yabantwana baseSoviet." Ngomnyaka we-1947 umbongo othi "iZvenigorod" wanyatheliswa, uxelela ngabantwana abalahlekelwe ngabazali ngexesha lemfazwe. Kwabhalwa emva kokutyelela intandane eZvenigorod, idolophana kufuphi neMoscow. Le nkondlo, apho iingxoxo kunye nabantwana zisetyenzisiweyo, yayiyinxalenye ekhethekileyo. Emva kokukhululwa kweZvenigorod Agnia Lvovna, kwavela incwadi evela kwibhinqa elahlekelwa yintombi eneminyaka eyisibhozo ebudeni bemfazwe. Iziqwenga zezikhumbuzo zabantwana ziboniswe kwimbongo ibonakala ijwayele kulo mfazi, kwaye wayenethemba lokuthi uAgnia wayenokuthetha nentombi yakhe elahlekileyo. Ngoko ngokwenene kwavela. Abantu abanomdla bahlangana emva kweminyaka eyi-10.

Ngo-1965 kwisikhululo senomathotholo seMayak, inkqubo ethi "Ukufuna umntu" yaqala ukusasaza, eyayiholwa ngu-Agnia Barto. Kwintliziyo yemisebenzi yokukhangela iindawo zokukhumbula abantwana, okokuthi, ngokubhaliweyo umbhali, banamandla kwaye babukhali kangangokuba bahlala nomntwana ubomi. Ngeminyaka engama-9 yomsebenzi onzima, u-Agniya Barto wakwazi ukuhlanganisa amawaka abantu.

Ubomi bakhe bubomi buhamba kakuhle: umyeni wakhe waphumelela ekuhambeni kwinqanaba lomsebenzi, uAgnia waba ngumakhulu womzukulwana omhle waseVladimir, obani wabhala inkondlo ethi "Vovka - umphefumlo onomusa." Umlobi waqhubeka ehamba ngeenxa zonke kwihlabathi, ubuso baluphi na umsebenzi, ngenxa yokuba wayazi indlela yokuzigcina ehlala kuluntu, wathetha iilwimi eziliqela, wadansa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye egqoke kakuhle. Iingcango zendlu ka-Agniya Barto zazihlala zivulekile kwiindwendwe; Abafundi be-Academicians, iziqalo zokuqala, abadlali abadumileyo kunye nabafundi be-MEI baqokelelwe kwitafile enye.

Unyaka wokugqibela u-Agnia Barto

Ngo-1970, u-Andrei Vladimirovich, umyeni ka-Agnia Barto, wabulawa ngumhlaza, owasindayo iminyaka eyi-11. Yonke le minyaka u-Agnia Lvovna wasebenza kanzima, wabhala iincwadi ezimbini zezinkumbulo, ngaphezu kweengkondlo ezilikhulu. Eyesaba ukuba yedwa, wayenokuthetha iiyure kwifowuni kunye nabahlobo bakhe, ezama ukumbona intombi yakhe nabazukulwana bakhe. Ngombulelo, ukhunjulwa yiintsapho zabahlobo abaxinezelekileyo, abo uAgniya Lvovna bafumana oogqirha abalungileyo, bancedisa ukufumana amayeza anqabileyo, "ahlamba" amafulethi - nokuba ngabahlali.

U-Agniya Barto wafela eMoscow ngo-1981, ngo-Ephreli 1. Emva kwe-autopsy, oogqirha babethukiswa yimithambo yegazi ebuthakathaka kwaye abazange baqonde ukuba igazi laphuma njani entliziyweni yomntu oqaqambileyo kwiminyaka eyi-10 edluleyo. I-biography emfutshane ka-Agniya Barto ihlanganisa ixesha elibalulekileyo lobomi bakhe, kunzima kwaye livelisa; Sisafunda izibongo zakhe, sikhulise abantwana kuwo, sondeza abazukulu.