UMlawuli eliyi Rostockiy: engobomi, PIU kunye nobomi zobuqu. Rostotskiy eliyi Iosifovich - a eSoviet Russian umlawuli film

Eliyi Rostockiy - mlawuli umboniso, utitshala kunye nomdlali, Artist Abantu ngayo waseUSSR, uLenin Prize, kodwa ngaphezu konke yindoda ngonobumba omkhulu - i-ethe kakhulu nokuqonda, iimvakalelo kunye neengxaki zabanye nemfesane. Nguye umntu ngamandla amakhulu ngokuthanda kunye nothando lobomi, leyo, nangona zonke iingxaki zawo kunye neengxaki, ayiyeki mangaza ihlabathi ngaphandle, ukuze sinandiphe yonke imihla kwaye uqaphele ubuhle ngeenxa zonke kuwe.

biography

Rostotskiy eliyi Iosifovich wazalwa entwasahlobo ka-1922 kummandla Yaroslavl entsatsheni kaYosefu kwaLidiya Boleslavovich Karlovna. Lomfana kuphela umntwana, waza wavuka ngokuyintabalala kunye ingqalelo kunye ukulondolozwa ngabazali kunye nothando. Umama umlawuli elizayo yaba bekhaya, uTata - ugqirha.

Childhood Rostotsky ezingenakwahlulwa kunye elalini. Ngenxa esengumfana, wachitha ixesha elininzi. Uthando lwamaxabiso okwenyaniso Russian - msebenzi, indalo, umhlaba - Kwabekwa kwiminyaka yokuqala. Eliyi wafumana elininzi ixesha - usakhathazwa ubomi; amakhadi for iimveliso athengwe isonka; Clothing, ilifa ilifa osebenza nabo okanye uyise abaphezulu. Rostockiy kodwa kwaba ngathi - abantu belali, ubomi babo, umsebenzi wabo onzima mihla le.

Ubomi woluntu ezidolophini - omnye elementi biography yomlawuli elizayo. indawo Zizonke iintsapho ezininzi endlini eyodwa - ixesha elikhethekileyo, leyo nakuthathatha entliziyweni kunye nomphefumlo eliyi Iosifovich. Zonke ezi iimeko zobomi, iimeko zezi ziqwenga isongiwe kulo mfanekiso jikelele, wabeka ndakubumba nesimilo Rostotsky.

Dreams kunye nezicwangciso zexesha elizayo

Iphupha lokuba umlawuli omkhulu hayi haunted eliyi Iosifovich esemncinane. Ukuba tomboy iminyaka emihlanu, wabona i "inqanawa" Potemkin "Sergeya Eyzenshteyna. Lo mfanekiso ayiwuvali gqitha lo mfana ukuba ukho nokuba yintoni kwagqitywa ukudibanisa ubomi bakhe film.

Kamva, Sergey Eyzenshteyn waba Rostotsky umhlobo, utitshala, nkqu nangaphezulu - umcebisi ebomini, umntu lowo wabeka isiseko ukuyilwa umlawuli elizayo, imigaqo yakhe yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko, iimpawu ezingundoqo umlinganiswa.

Isibakala sokuba ukuthanda isiphelo umdlali elizayo Rostotskiy eliyi waba kuvavanywa kwi kumzobo "Bezhin Meadow" Sergeya Eyzenshteyna, apho wadibana nomntu ojongene olukhulu.

Xa ndandineminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu abaselula Rostockiy Eisenstein ubhenele ukuba uncedo - umfana wacela bhanya yamagqala ukuba amfundise bekweli lo msebenzi. Ngenxa yoku Rostislav wayekulungele ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi ugly -. Ilawulwa yi wasekhaya, izihlangu ecocekileyo, njl Sergey Eyzenshteyn enoburharha wathabatha isindululo umfana okumnandi, kwaye ukuqala nzulu isincomo ulutsha ukubandakanyeka self - ukuphonononga ubugcisa, umculo, uncwadi yehlabathi. Umlawuli omkhulu waqiniseka ukuba kungekho lwazi uqondisa.

beminyaka yemfazwe

Emva kokuphumelela eliyi wangena Institute of Philosophy and Literature. Unxibelelwano Eisenstein akukhange kudlule lilize. Lo mfana waqiniseka ukuba wangena Institute of Cinematography kwixesha elizayo. Noko ke, le mfazwe, le nto yonke ikhadi Rostockiy. Cinematography ke kuleyo ndawo, kwaye ngoku malunga zifundo ilityalwe.

Rostotsky wacetywa ukungenela umkhosi ngo-1942. Ndimele ndithi loxolo, umlawuli yakusasa iingxaki zempilo kunye njengento non-combatant. Nangona kunjalo, le meko imfazwe wayilungisa le nyaniso. Ngowe-1943, umfana weza ngaphambili, apho nazo zonke ububi bempi, kunye nempumlo emathatheni nemoto nokufa. Yena, lo mfana okhulele eluthandweni nemvisiswano, kunye umbutho obhityileyo engqondweni, wayesazi ngentliziyo ebuhlungu into eyenzekayo malunga yonke kuhlukunyezwa. Le enzima kuye ongenakuwelwa nakuthathatha. Wabonakalisa kuqala ezingqondweni umlawuli kunye nesihloko "Autobiography" ezilula kamva imifanekiso yakhe eshukumayo eziye eseleyo iminyaka emininzi uphawu abayibo- ezintliziyweni zabantu Soviet - "The bamnike Apha edambile", "Ngamana iinkwenkwezi", "On Imimoya Zazisixhenxe".

Imfazwe iphelile. Yintoni washiya?

NgoFebruwari 1944, ngomhla kummandla Ukraine eliyi Rostockiy wenzakala. Waye esibhedlele kuqala e Rivne, emva koko waya eMoscow. Lo mfana wenziwa utyando izihlandlo eziliqela, kodwa zange ukugcina umlenze wakhe, oogqirha - oko kwafuneka unqunyulwe.

Ngo-Agasti 1944, wafumana Rostockiy ukukhubazeka wabuyela eMoscow. Akazange anikezele, akazange nosizi wena, emva kokuba onke amava athe waqhekeza, musa ukuvumela izandla zakhe, akayekanga ukuzanga ukukholelwa ngamandla abo. Eliyi, ngoyaba iingxaki zobomi, wagqiba nantoni na ukuze iphupho lakhe ebuntwaneni. Yena wangena Institute of ikhosi Cinematography UGrigory Kozintsev. waziphosa le ndoda ibe izifundo zakhe, okubangela uvuyo ubukhalipha ukuzonwabisa, ezama ukuba ufunxe zonke iinkcukacha, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa nantoni na, ndiye ndazama ukufunda kunokwenzeka kuphela, wazama ukuba usebenzise zonke ithuba.

Ukususela ngoko waqalisa kwinqanaba entsha kubomi Rostotsky oselula. Funda thaca kwi VGIK abalawuli elizayo intlanganiso sibi kunye nomfazi wakhe. Eliyi Rostockiy and noNina Menshikov, ngubani umfundi kwi ikhosi kwi Sergei Gerasimov, wadibana xa ndifunda kwi ziko.

ekhaya Rostockiy

Girl Nina ngoko nangoko "wabeka amehlo" kwi Rostotsky cute. Noko ke, into yokuba ukuze siphumelele entliziyweni yomntu, nzulu akazange alindele. Rostockiy wayesoloko engqongwe ngabantu abayithandayo ezininzi. ntsako endyangwini, ziyahlelwa ubuhle oselula Menshikova wagqiba ityala apho usinike ubomi. UNina, ngathi ngumfazi a Decembrist, waya emva Rostotsky kwi isabelo elide lokudala apho umlawuli elizayo wayehamba nomhlobo Vladimir Krasilshchikov. ubomi Joint bazisa abantu abatsha, eliyi uthando.

Noko ke, yakhe, Rostockiy wavuma ukuba linge likaNina ukuya njengendawo ezingaziwayo amadoda amabini engaqhelekanga wamangala kwaye musa ngisho. Kodwa kamva watshintsha ingqondo yakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile, abantu abaselula watshata.

Nina Menshikov edlalwa malunga iindima mathandathu kwimifanekiso eshukumayo. UMlawuli abathile kubo eliyi Rostockiy. Umbukeli ukhumbule umdlali wenza indima katitshala lolwimi Russian noluncwadi ifilimu "Siza Ukuphila kube ngoMvulo", indima Faith Timofeevna Kruglova kwi comedy "Girls '.

Abatshatileyo eliyi Iosifovich noNina Evgenyavna, unyana uAndreya, owathi kamva waba weqonga odumileyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ufuzo iitalente ezimbini zokudala kudluliselwa umntwana.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala

Xa izifundo ngaxeshanye kwi wasiza Rostockiy Kozintsev kwi studio film "Lenfilm", oko wafumana nje kuphela amava kubalulekile, kodwa kwakhona ingcebiso elungileyo njengomlawuli lokugqibela ezizimeleyo kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo.

Ukususela ngo-1952, eliyi Iosifovich wayesebenza kule Gorky Studios. Belo xesha lalidume "Khrushchev nobudlelwane", nto leyo baphula kanye cinema - imiyalelo ukudubula imifanekiso abaninzi umxholo yezolimo saa kulo lonke elo lizwe. Kakade ke, loo nto ngoko nangoko ibonakala imisebenzi womculo. Kule minyaka mihlanu izayo siye sabona ukukhanya imizobo emibini - "Umhlaba kunye naBantu" yaye "Oko Yenzekile Penkovo", umbhali leyo wawuqondiswa ngu eliyi Rostockiy.

Le film "Land and Abantu", phambi kokuba eyayisiziswa abaphulaphuli, ngoxa yena walala phezu kwithala. Isibakala sokuba loo movie yenziwa kwi inoveli ngu Gavriila Troepolskogo "Prokhor elinesixhenxe kunye nabanye." I-ngqangi akuvumelekile yokuprinta, ekubeni siyibhentsisile ngengxaki kuqoqosho lwasemaphandleni kweli lizwe ngelo xesha. Lo mboniso ubunzima bebonke isiphelo sinye - Arts Council wawayalela ukuba iboniswe, kwakunye kumlawuli Rostotsky ixoki omusha.

Noko ke, le meko iye yatshintsha - ngomfanekiso amphakamisele umlomo kwidispleyi, oko yadlalwa kwinqanaba elilandelayo emva kosuku XX Party Congress.

Le film "Oku Yenzekile Penkovo" Kwakhona indlela nzima kumbukeli; kodwa kamva zaqhutywa.

"Siza Ukuphila kube ngoMvulo"

Eliyi Rostockiy ogama bhanya ziyabatsala ezintliziyweni ababukeli ezininzi, wadala omnye ukupeyinta umsebenzi wobugcisa indize okulungileyo, yaye loo ngokomoya ngokwenene - "baphile ukubona ngoMvulo". Waba kuphela card lakhe ubizo lwenu, kodwa kwangenisa shishino USSR indlela entsha - zobutsha umboniso.

Events bhanya zenzeka esikolweni - indawo apho rhoqo kukho intsebenziswano phakathi kwezizukulwana ezibini - i omdala omncinane. Yaye kusoloko utitshala efundisa ubomi abafundi babo. abazalwana School kudla lizisa izifundo zemihla ngemihla kwabacebisi babo. Rostockiy wazama ukuba ukungena umfanekiso wakhe ezikhoyo ngexesha pedagogy iingcinga, kunye nenye iphayiphu ecetywayo enye ukuya kwimfundo yesikolo eqhelekileyo.

Lo mboniso wadutyulwa ngexesha kakhulu elifutshane. Eqhuba yathatha iinyanga ezintathu kuphela. Oku wamsindisa iSABC, apho kunokwenzeka ukuze sibekwe kwi tape kwithala. Nangona kunjalo, lo ukuvalwa nje akazange ukuphatha yogqithe umfanekiso.

Owokuqala ukubona umboniso ziye zaba iindwendwe Zonke-Union Congress of ootitshala. Amagosa Kuyathenjwa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba nkongolo obsmeyut picture. Kodwa yonke into zenzeke eyahlukileyo.

Emva koko, ngo-1962 bayotywe ifilimu wawongwa USSR State Prize kunye Grand Prix kwi yeSine Moscow International Film Festival.

imixholo Military hayi kuphela

Ngowe-1972 Rostockiy yathabatha elinye wobugcisa yakhe - i movie "Le bamnike Apha edambile" kwi inoveli Borisa Vasileva. Lo mfanekiso esibonise ubuso semfazwe bayahlelwa amantombazana aselula abaqala nje ubomi babo, ubuqhawe labo kunye feat ongafiyo waphendula intlungu kwiintliziyo zabantu abaninzi.

Ngokubanzi Rostotskiy eliyi Iosifovich iifilimu zakhe usoloko abazotywe ngayo phakathi iimvakalelo neemvakalelo abalinganiswa, Ubonakalisa yeyona iimpawu yabantu engcono. Zonke Imizobo bakhe besaphila, ukuba kusivusa umphefumlo, yenza ukukhathazeka kwakhe ukukhathazeka.

Ukupeyinta "Le bamnike Apha edambile" - eliphumeleleyo wemithendeleko bhanyabhanya ngamazwe - ukhethwe "Oscar" ibhaso. Le film imfazwe - ukusungulwa, imbeko kubo bonke abo balwela kwilizwe lawo, osinde nabo abafa.

Eliyi Rostockiy, PIU equka ngaphezulu kweshumi Imizobo eyothusayo, kwakungayi kutyhilwa ehlabathini, kungekhona ngendlela yayo Anya Chegunova. Lo mntu unetyala ubomi bakhe kumlawuli. Anna Chegunova - ibhinqa eziqhelekileyo, ababesilwa ngokuzithandela phambi de Meyi 1945. Nature wakupha na ubuhle kuphela, isibindi, kodwa intliziyo nemfesane. Yena ephuma emfazweni Rostotsky ngokoqobo ezandleni zakhe. Emva kwemfazwe, wavuka nditshatile ndinabantwana. Kodwa imfazwe akazange avumele ukuba ahambe. Iinkumbulo, amava nzima ashiye uphawu lwawo - lo mfazi wafumanisa ukuba unomhlaza ebuchotsheni. Ngexesha le mifanekiso sifakelwe, yena uyimfama, kodwa bayizisa ukuya studio Rostockiy kwaye kwanikwa inkcazo kubo yonk 'into eyayisenzeka kwikhusi. Eliyi I. waba ubuso zesi silwanyana.

Enye tape leyi hi sembethe umlawuli Rostockiy. Le film "White Bim Black Indlebe" imbasa Prize Lenin. Kwakhona yathabatha Prix Grand of bomthendeleko Vary.

Rostockiy. Ngubani na yena?

Ngo-1990, lo mlawuli abashiya cinema. Kwi eqokelelwe ngexesha imali ubomi kunye yomhlala emfazweni abakhubazekileyo yena nomfazi wakhe ngokonwaba nangokuzola ngenyameko ubungqina, besonwabela yonke imihla amnike.

Eliyi Rostockiy biography, ogama, njengoko ifilim, kwaye kukho ezininzi amabala ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, wakwazi ukuba ukunyaniseka, inyaniso, enyanisekileyo. Kudala wayishiya movie, kodwa kwiminyaka kamva oogxa bakhe emhlabeni venkile kunye Iinkumbulo yale ndoda emangalisayo, ingqalelo ubuchule bakhe nje kuphela kodwa iimpawu zokomoya. Umzekelo, uSvetlana Druzhinin, ubani obekade eliyi Iosifovich kwi movie "Kwathi Penkovo" utsho Rostockiy njenge umntu unomphefumlo esineemvakalelo ongapheliyo, intuition esimangalisayo nangokuvulelekileyo ngobuchule. Wathi ukuba ufundile ezininzi iindlela zokusebenza kumlawuli, njengoko kwakunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ngqindilili, ukukwazi ukuba madolw 'anzima kwaye bathathe imingcipheko.

Boris Vasiliev, ngokusekelwe inoveli leyo Rostockiy sokudubula film "Le bamnike Apha edambile" uthi umfanekiso sele asuswayo ilula kakhulu - intliziyo, yaye akazange uhanahaniso, loo nto ayithethi ukuba uzothekile. Lo mbhali uthi ukuba Rostotsky yena yonwabileyo esebenza movie, kuba akukho akazange ukuhlonipha copyright, njengoko wenzayo.

Ngo-Agasti 2001, eliyi Rostockiy wabulawa yintliziyo endleleni eya Vyborg Film Festival "Window eYurophu".

Emva konyaka Rostotsky nyana wafa emva kokufa kukayise wakhe - UAndrew. Le ntlekele yenzeke kwi ifilimu Krasnaya Polyana, indoda atsibe entabeni.

Nina Menshikov waphila eminye iminyaka emihlanu, kwaye kananjalo walishiya eli hlabathi. Oku emangalisayo, ezele uthando usapho washiya kakhulu engalindelekanga kakhulu. Eliyi Rostockiy UNina Menshikov Andrey Rostockiy wangcwatywa eMoscow emangcwabeni Vagankovsky.