Umlambo waseShari: inkcazelo nesithombe

Afrika yilizwekazi elimangalisayo. Iqulethe iimfihlo ezininzi kunye neengozi. Inzululwazi evela kwihlabathi lonke liza apha ukufundisisa iminqweno yakhe. Abakhenkethi ba tyelela iNtshona Afrika ukuba bafumane izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo. Uhlobo luqokelele zonke izinto ezininzi: eAfrika zihlala zizilwanyana eziphezulu emhlabeni - iigrafes, izilwanyana ezinkulu kwihlabathi - izindlovu, iintaka ezinkulu zeentaka - iinkumbi.

I-Afrika inezixhobo zayo. Isimo sezulu sitshisa kakhulu, ukukhululeka kuyicala. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kumanzi angaphakathi kweli zwekazi, ngakumbi kwimifula.

Kule nqaku, siza kuthetha malunga noMlambo we-Shari kwaye sinike ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga nokuhamba kwamanzi.

Inkcazelo

U-Shari ngumlambo ogeleza kwiCentral Africa. Ukusuka kulwimi lwendawo, "shari" iguqulelwe ngokuthi "ukuhamba". Iqula liyahamba. Kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, waza wagcwalisa ngamanzi, wome wome.

Ukugeleza kudlulela kwiRiphablikhi yaseCentral African (CAR), ichukumisa ezantsi kwelizwe laseThadi, lihamba ngaphesheya komda wayo kunye neCameroon kwaye iphuma ukusuka ngasezantsi kuya kwiLake Chad.

Ubude bokuhamba kwamanzi yiikhilomitha ezingama-1400, ummandla uhlala kumawaka angama-650 eekhilomitha ezili-square. Km, ne-1159 m ³ / s yikhombisi yokuhamba kwamanzi. Umlambo waseShari, njengoko kuphawulwe, uyisiseko seLake Chad, njengoko kuzisa u-80-90% wamanqaku onke kuwo. Xa kufika ixesha lemvula, umlambo awugcini nje ukuzalisa i-echibi, kodwa unokukhukula kakhulu ummandla ohlala ngabantu.

Umlambo waseShari (Afrika) uqala ukuhamba kwawo ukusuka empuma-mpuma-ntshona ukuya kumntla-ntshona. Inani elikhulu leentlobo zokungena kumlambo. Ingundoqo (ekhohlo) yi-Logon, i-1000 km ubude, enye incinci - iBahr-Auk, iBahr-Salamat, iBahr-Keita, iBahr-Sarh.

Umthombo woMlambo waseShari usekuhlaleni kwemilambo esemantla - u-Ouam, iBaminga neGribingi.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

U-Shari wafunyanwa ngowe-1823. Kwafunyanwa ngabantu baseYurophu. Eli xesha lafika ngexesha apho abaphandi baseBrithani uHugh Clapperton, uWalter Oudney kunye noDixon Denham bafunda iLake Chad, apho umlambo ungena khona. Ngaloo mzuzwana, womisa kwakhona, kodwa ngasecaleni lasenyakatho-mpuma kwiplanethi ye-Precambrian yamandulo, izazinzulu zaqaphela indlela ehamba ngayo umlambo. Kwakukufumaneka kwesi sifo sokuba ukufundiswa kukaShari kwaqala.

Ixabiso lomlambo

Uninzi lweendawo ezihlala ngabantu, kuquka isixeko saseSarh kunye nenkulu yeChada, i- N'Djamena, igxininiswe kwindawo yoMlambo waseShari. Umthombo obaluleke kakhulu wokusela, usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinjongo zothutho kwaye isiseko sokunkcenkceshwa kweendawo zokulima eziseduze. Umlambo waseShari yiziko lendawo ekuphuhliseni ishishini lokuloba. Ikhonkco leNayile yintlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu ehlala emlanjeni. Iindawo zayo zokuhlala zihlala zininzi.

Ukusetyenziswa okunzulu okunjalo kuye kwabangela ukuba unyaka ngamnye kukho ukwehla okubalulekileyo kumthamo wamanzi ovela emlanjeni ukuya eLake Chad.

Isidingo sokwakha idama

Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho wamanzi kuMlambo waseShari uyancipha unyaka ngamnye, izazinzulu ziqwalasela ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi eya kujoliswa ekwakheni idama kufuphi ne-Livingston Falls. Kufuneka yonke imilambo yamanzi egeleza emlanjeni onzulu weCongo, udibanise. Siyabulela kule nto, uMlambo waseShari, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, iLake Chad, iya kuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi. Kwakhona, le projekthi iza kunceda ukwandisa ummandla wabo, oya kuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho kummandla.

Kwakhona, izazinzulu zifuna ukuqhuba kwiLake Chad ukuya eMeditera umsele onguchwepheshe obizwa ngokuthi iNew Nile oya kuphefumula ubomi kwiindawo zasentlango zaseAfrika.

Ezi projekthi ziye zacatshangelwa ukususela kwiminyaka ye-70 ye-20 leminyaka, kodwa kwangoku akukho sigqibo sokugqibela esithathiweyo. I-ecologists ayinikezeli imvume yokwakhiwa kwedam kunye nomsele, obonisa ukuba oku kunokutshabalalisa indawo yendalo yendawo.

Lwabantu

Umlambo waseShari unomdla kwizizwe ezihlala kummandla walo. Umzekelo, abantu abangaqhelekanga benkosikazi. Kwisithethe sazo kufakwa kufaka iiplate emilonyeni yabasetyhini. Ngokwamadoda esizwe, ibhinqa elinomlomo onjalo lihle ngokwenene. Xa abantu baseYurophu beza apha, kwakubonakala ngathi babi kakhulu ukuba basindise amantombazana ebukhosini.

Umntu akanakukungaziboni abantu baseSao abahlala emlanjeni wamanzi ukusuka kwi-5 leminyaka BC. BC. E. Kwi XVII inkulungwane. Bekunjalo kwisitya sokufikelela kwezantsi kwe-Shari ezikwakha izixeko eziphuma ezindlini zodaka. Umsebenzi wabo oyingundoqo yayikuveliswa kwezinto zekhaya kunye neendwanguzo ezenziwe ngodongwe, kubandakanywa imifanekiso yasekuqaleni kunye neemifanekiso.