Yintoni i-GMT? Liliphi ixesha? Indlela yokubala ixesha ukusuka eGreenwich

Kuze kube ngoku, kwizitshixo zekhompyutheni zeWindows, umda wexesha uhlelwe ngesigatshana seThuthi. Yiyiphi le nto kwaye ihambelana njani nelo xesha le-UTC lombutho wokubambisana? Siza kuxubusha oku kwinqaku lethu. Akubona wonke umntu onokumisela ixesha kwiindawo ezinxulumene neGreenwich. Kodwa siya kuzama ukucacisa lo mbuzo ngolwimi oludumile. Okokuqala, kufuneka uphendule umbuzo othi: "Yintoni i-GMT?" Ukuma kwesi shintsho?

YaseBritish Snobbery

Kwixesha elidala, lasekwa emini. Xa ilanga lalisendaweni yalo, oko kukuthi, lafikelela kwindawo yalo ephezulu esibhakabhakeni esibonakalayo, kwakukholelwa ukuba yayiyi-12 yehora emini. Ngokuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo ngamazwe ngamazwe, kwafuneka ukuba ulungelelanise ixesha kwinkqubo enye. Ingongoma yeso sikhokelo yayiyi- zeri meridian. Iyadlula kwiRoyal Observatory eGreenwich, kufuphi neLondon.

Ngaloo ndlela, isishwankathelo seThuthi sigxininisa i-Greenwich Time Time. Yonke imimandla engasentshonalanga yeGreenwich isala emva kwexesha layo, kwaye ezo ezikumpuma ziya phambili. Kukho enye imeridian ebalulekileyo emhlabeni womhlaba. Lo ngumda wokutshintsha imihla. Intsimi, ehlala empuma yayo, iphila (ngokomqondo welizwi) izolo. Ngowe-1972, isiqulatho esitsha se-UTC satshintsha iThuthi. Yiliphi ixesha? Isifingqo simele "Ixesha eliManyeneyo".

Ixesha lexesha

I-metrology esebenzisa isiRashiya isebenzisa isishwankathelo seSGV esikhundleni seT GMT. Yintoni le? Iileta "Ixesha eliphakathi kweendawo" zichongiweyo. Kodwa kwakhona, ukusuka eGreenwich, asikwazi ukusinda. Emva koko, ihlabathi lonke libala iwashi kwi-zero meridian. Ukuba ukugcina ixesha kwaye uqonde ngokuchanekileyo ixesha ngalinye kwinqanaba lehlabathi, kufuneka ukwazi indawo ukusuka eGreenwich ukuya entshona okanye empuma. Ixesha eliManyeneyo eliManyeneyo (ngamanye amagama e-UTC) lubonisa ngokuthe ngandlela-thile emini emazweni athile (okanye iinxalenye zayo). Ukuba i-GMT yithuba elingayazi imida yezopolitiko, imimandla yexesha isoloko isasazeka kwilizwe lonke (ukuba ayithethi kude kakhulu nentshona ukuya empuma). Ngaloo ndlela, i-UTC + 0 ayikho ixesha kwi- Greenwich Observatory kunye ne-zero meridiya, kodwa kwi-Great Britain nase-Ireland, kunye ne-Iceland, iPortugal, iMorocco, njl. Kodwa iwashi ibalwa ngokwemiqathango yeTCB ngendlela efanayo KwiThuthi.

Ixesha lehlobo lasebusika

Emazweni aphantsi kweendlela eziphezulu, ubude bosuku lokukhanya luyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwixesha. Ngoko ke, amazwe asekumntla ahlala eshintshela kwixesha lehlobo. Abemi bala mazwe batshintsha izandla zewashi ihora elizayo. Oku kwenzeka ngeCawa yokugqibela ngoMatshi. I-UK nayo iluhlu lwa mazwe asebenza ngexesha lehlobo lasehlohlo. Kodwa ilanga lokwenyaniso ukususela ngo-Epreli ukuya ku-Oktobha ligcinwa ngehora enye emini, kuba ixesha eliphakathi kweGreenwich alithembeli kwixesha.

Amazwe alele kufuphi ne-equator, apho ubude bosuku lokukhanya ngaliphi na ixesha lonyaka li malunga neeyure ezilishumi elinambini, musa ukutshintsha iifolo. Bahlala rhoqo ebusika (okwenyani) ixesha. Ngalesi sizathu, iRussian Federation yanquma ukuhambisa izitya ngeyure ezayo. Ngendlela, elinye ilizwe, elilele kwiindawo eziphezulu, lathinte ukutshintshela kwixesha lehlobo. Le iIceland. Urhulumente wesiqithi uhlala kwixesha eliphakathi kwe-Greenwich (GMT + 0). Ukulala ngokumalunga ne-meridian efanayo, i-Great Britain ne-Ireland ebusika i-UTC + 0, kwaye ehlobo-kwi-UTC + 1.

Yintoni i-UTC kunye neThuthi?

Ixesha yinto ethanda ukuchaneka. Ngezenzo ezilungelelanisiweyo zokuthumela iinkonzo ezikude kwiindawo ezikude zomhlaba, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zininzi iiyure, imizuzu kunye nemizuzwana zikhona. Kwakhona isidingo sokuba ixesha elidibeneyo linabasasazo beefrikansi ezahlukeneyo. I-UTC iyimfuneko ukuseka umgangatho othile wokuhamba kunye nenjongo yesayensi. Kuloo minyaka yeshumi elinesithoba, abaloli be-British Navy, i-furrow ye-Ocean World, babala ixesha nge-GMT. Ukufudukela entshonalanga yeGreenwich, bathathe iiyure, kwaye baya empumalanga. Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo, ihlabathi ngoku lihlukaniswe ngamabhande esikhashana. Umzekelo, ixesha le-Vladivostok lihambelana ne-GMT + 11, isiGeorgia-GMT + 4, iHawaii-Aleut-GMT-10, iMoscow - GMT + 4, i-Standard Standard Time (isetyenziswe eNew York kunye nendawo ecaleni kwe-Atlantic Ocean ye-USA neCanada, kwaye KuJamaica, ePanama, eHaiti, eBahamas) - GMT-5.