UNikolay Nikolaevich Gen. (artist): biography kunye nemisebenzi

inkosi yabonisa ngobude, kwakunye nokudalwa mizobo kwi zeVangeli kwimbali waba ngomzobi obalaseleyo Russian uNikolay Nikolaevich Gen.. Lomculi kwetalente ngokungaqhelekanga, wathabatha indawo ngokuqinileyo kwimbali zobugcisa Russian njengommeli yentlangano realist ke entsha.

Esakhula

UNikolay Nikolaevich noGehazi, umzobi, ogama Mfanekiso linikwa kwi ekuqaleni, wazalwa Februwari 27, 1831 kwifama Ivanovo Chernigov kwiphondo, kusapho mihlaba. Engaqhelekanga Russian igama indlebe ityala uyisemkhulu, ngubani abavela eFransi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Kwimeko yokuqala, kubhaliwe kwathiwa - Gay. ukuzalwa komntwana ungqamene bhubhane sotyatyazo eyoyikekayo lwesifo kumaphondo ezininzi Russian, kwaye kubangwe ubomi unina, xa Nicholas weza ekukhanyeni kuqala. Ukususela ngelo xesha, onke amaxhala ngaye sathunyelwa komnye wabafazi bakayise ngamakhoboka.

Ngokutsho izithethe ixesha, imfundo yamabanga ekhaya wayeyinkwenkwe, yaye kamva waziswa eKiev, apho wabhalisa kwisikolo esiphakamileyo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba kweli xesha ootitshala waphawula italente wakhe ongaqhelekileyo ukuba ukuzoba, kodwa utata kwezinye izicwangciso-akhawunti yakhe. Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, usikhuthaza unyana wakhe ukuba angene University of Kiev kwi-Mathematics kwiSebe.

Ukusuka University of the Academy of Arts

Melana intando kayise Nicholas akazange abe nobuganga, kodwa indawo izifundo zabo wakhetha ukuba Kiev ne eSt Petersburg University, apho waye wabhalisa kwi-Faculty of Mathematics. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nokuphupha ngayo uNikolay Gen.. Artist, kungekhona kwezezibalo, wayehlala umphefumlo wakhe, nabo bonke ngakumbi wathi ngokucacileyo ngokwayo. Lonke ixesha free wachitha i Hermitage, bekhuphela imizobo lamagcisa ezaziwayo.

Umphumo waba gqitha enokuxelwa kwangaphambili - ngo-1850, uNicholas ushiya eyunivesithi waza waba ngumfundi i-St Petersburg Academy of Arts. Apha owayo utitshala weklasi ebalaseleyo, kunye kakhulu kakuhle ayesaziwa ngaloo mihla eSt Petersburg igcisa P. Basin. Xa akhademi, wachitha iminyaka emithandathu ukufunda namaqhinga urhwebo, kwaye uzama ukuxelisa zabazobi ogama ndimenze ingcamango ikakhulukazi imisebenzi.

idol yayo ngaloo minyaka yaba uKarl Bryullov, yaye, ngokutsho abahlalutyi abaninzi, igcisa UNikolai Gen nolwaluphenjelelwe ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wakhe. Ndihluthi, ndizamkele nje ngo-1857 ukulungiselela ukubhalwa ngempumelelo ilungelo ithisisi ukuze ukuya eYurophu ngeendleko the Academy, wamshiya eRashiya. Ebudeni uhambo lwakhe, yena watyelela eSwitzerland, eJamani, France kunye Italy.

Impumelelo nokubonwa

E Rome, kukho intlanganiso nenye izithixo zakhe ngaloo minyaka - A. ivanov, owayesebenza emfanekisweni okanye kumzobo kwi izifundo zeBhayibhile, nto leyo banconywe UNikolai Gen.. Phesheya, njengokuba ngaphambili, ukuba uyazinikezela kangangoko ixesha elininzi portraits yokubhala ixesha. Enye imisebenzi yakhe iyimpumelelo ngeli xesha yasekwa ngo-1858 sketch umfanekiso yomfazi wayo. Kodwa eyona isihloko yakhe izifundo zeBhayibhile kunye yamandulo.

Ngowe-1861, emva kokubuya evela phesheya, UNikolai uGenubhati ibonisa mboniso elandelayo kwi Academy of Arts of omtsha umboniso yakhe "The Last Sangokuhlwa", nto leyo uhlobo koluvo. Nangona yolwamkelo ngolangazelelo noluntu, ukuhluza iindaba wamphatha kakhulu elwayo, esola umbhali ekukhuthazeni izinto eziphathekayo kunye ukungabi. Kuye nokuba balelwa ukwenza ikopi yaso.

Yonke into yatshintsha xa ngelaphu yokuqokelela yakhe uqobo wathenga koMlawuli Alexander II, leyo nangoko wenza umzobi elidume kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, i-Academy of Arts, iqaphela imizobo eziphakamileyo esilinganayo nokuvakalisa solidarity kunye iimbono soMhlekazi, wangxama ukukhuthaza UNikolai Gen.. Le igcisa wawongwa kwisihloko ngunjingalwazi.

Buyela Italy

Mazigalelwe impumelelo kwaye sele ngokomthetho, igcisa Gen uNikolay Nikolaevich ngo-1864 wabuyela eItali, apho ke kudala ezininzi imizobo ebonisa izicaphulo kwiTestamente Entsha. Enye iimbalasane kwexesha Italian uba intlanganiso wakhe Herzen kunye umsebenzi umfanekiso wakhe.

Asinako ukwamkela yonke Umngcipheko eli linge, njengoko Herzen ngokusemthethweni kuluhlu njenge-mthetho karhulumente, wayezimele yobulungisa aphesheya, kunye nokudalwa umfanekiso wakhe lubonwe njengesenzo yezopolitiko. Noko ke, kwaba kulo mfanekiso, wabulawa ngexesha irekhodi - kwiintlangano nje emihlanu - zibonwa ubalaseleyo kubo eni ebhaliweyo. Ukuya kubona enkulu UNikolai Nikolaevich, ukupeyinta kwakhe "utshayelela yoVuko," a ize ithunyelwe ekhaya, akazange abe nempumelelo kunye noluntu. Ngowe-1869, igcisa wabuyela eRashiya.

ngexesha lokugqibela Petersburg

Iimvelaphi phakathi lobomi basedolophini, uGenubhati bazimanyanisa elizayo Peredvizhnik kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kumalungiselelo lomboniso yabo yokuqala, leyo kuvulwa ngo-1871. Belisenziwa apho ke ubonisa uluntu okusemandleni alo eyaziwa kule mihla wobugcisa "Peter I ekuvandlakanyeni Tsarevich Alexei e Peterhof." Womzobo kuye kwaqatshelwa phakathi iindwendwe, nkqu studio le womzobi yathengwa P. Tretyakov - sokuqokelela odumileyo Russian kunye van'wankumi.

Kule minyaka mine izayo ndayichitha St. Petersburg, igcisa uyila igalari ye eni of the abameli ubalaseleyo nezazi Russian. Phakathi kwabo, Turgenev, Nekrasov kunye nabanye. Ngelo xesha ndabona ukukhanya wadala umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka-V. Belinsky.

Okwexeshana ukuze Ukraine

Ngowe-1875, ngokusisigxina UNikolai eshiya St. Petersburg, akuba wafudukela Ukraine, izuza indlu kwiphondo Chernigov. Isizathu sokuba ukuhamba kwakhe, abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukunganeliseki kunye nezinto iingxaki creative, mandundu ixesha. Xa kude ingxolo ikomkhulu likaThixo Kye liyayeka phantse ngokupheleleyo iiklasi ukupeyinta kwaye sazinikela ngokupheleleyo imiba yonqulo kunye nokuziphatha. Kuphela isidingo kakhulu onegunya ukunyanzela ukuba athabathe brush nokubhala eni ngokwesiko izityebi yasekuhlaleni.

ekunyukeni Creative ekupheleni kobomi le womzobi

Ngowe-1882, uGenubhati waya eMoscow. Esi sisiqalo ekunyukeni ezitsha zobuciko, ziphawulwe ngokuthi ekudalweni canvases ezifana 'Phuma kusukela isidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela "," uYuda "," Yintoni na yona inyaniso "kunye neminye imisebenzi kwimixholo ivangeli. Enye yakhe yokugqibela lwemizobo itheyibhile self-ifoto, ebhaliweyo unyaka phambi kokufa kwakhe. igcisa Gay, ogama engobomi elidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo kunye nomsebenzi wakhe, wafa Juni 13, 1894. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, ngokwemfanelo engundoqo ezabelwe bakhe kothiwa realist intshukumo kwi imizobo ngamabali zeVangeli. Lo mculi Russian uGenubhati wenza umnikelo zobugcisa ehlabathini.