Umbhali yaseMelika screenwriter Dzheyms Klavell: biography, ubuchule

Njengoko umbhali lothotho zamabali, eyaziwa ngokuba "Saga Asia", kwangelo thuba kwabhalwa phantsi phakathi 1962 no-1993, yaye umbhali abanetalente, Clavell sasilu- kumsebenzi zabo zokuyila impembelelo eMpuma West nxamnye omnye komnye. Amaqhawe imisebenzi yakhe bazama ukuqonda inkcubeko kunye bulumko saseAsiya. ephikisanayo kunye ngquzulwano ngakwisizwe, leyo kusoloko kukhokelela ngxwelerha yabantu, iboniswa imisebenzi yakhe, njengokuba Dzheyms Klavell de ngemihla yokugqibela yaqhubeka azinikele individualist kwaye anti-zwilakhe. A nempembelelo enkulu kumsebenzi umbhali waba amava kunye nobunzima sanyamezela ekuthinjweni. isimilo sakhe alawule kwabunjwa ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeSibini, iziganeko aba negalelo ekudalweni umoya onamandla zabalinganiswa, ngeendlela ezininzi ezifanayo kumbhali.

ebuntwaneni

Kwisixeko Sydney, Oktobha 10, 1924 British Royal Navy Captain Richard Clavell usapho natyetyiswa - wazala unyana Dzheyms Klavell. Biography yombhali elizayo izele variables ezahlukeneyo ukususela besebancinane. Xa umntwana iinyanga ezilithoba ubudala, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eNgilani. Ngu uhlobo lwenkonzo Clavell umphathi babeye kwenye indawo, ngoko uYakobi ithuba lokuba ukutyelela izixeko kwizibuko abaninzi. Umbono olukhethekileyo kuye wenza Hong Kong namabali kayise malunga adventures kwi i iteksti River. Ngoko ke umfana waba nomdla inkcubeko oriental kunye ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini.

ulutsha

Wayinyusa ngamabali kayise kunye notatomkhulu, lowo ke ubengumveleli oyinganga Royal Navy, Dzheyms Klavell waphupha omsebenzi yasemkhosini. Wayemela, njengoko uya kulima neelwandle ze enze uqulukubhode, ngathi amaqhawe imisebenzi ozithandayo zoncwadi. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo e Portsmouth, i-James oselula, ukuthobela ingqiqo umsebenzi kunye nosapho izithethe, bakhetha ikhondo lomsebenzi kwi-Navy, kodwa ngenxa yamehlo abazange kudlula ukhetho, kwaye ngo-1940 waye wajoyina i-British Royal zokudubula.

beminyaka yemfazwe

Xa waphula umlilo Second World War, uYakobi waye e-Malaysia. Impi eyodwa wayenzakele ithutyana ukulwa oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala bakwazi ukuzimela ukusuka amajoni Japanese kule ndawo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, bambamba waza wathumela kuqala entolongweni kwisiqithi Java, uze emva koko eminqubeni hellish bliz Changi e Singapore, apho wahlala de ekupheleni kwemfazwe. Kamva, umbhali Dzheyms Klavell wathi sisinde kwinkampu entolongweni, apho omnye kuphela ngo-15 wabandezeleka sentuthumbo, izifo kunye nendlala, iye yanceda inkolelo yokuba lo mntu womelele ngakumbi kwiimeko apho emi kuyo. ubuhlungu gca evela amava umbhali kuye kwabelwane esidlangalaleni, wayisa kwinoveli "uKumkani Rat". Emva kokukhululwa bakhe ekuthinjweni, Clavell wabuyela eNgilani, ukuba ngalo eli xesha isikhundla sikakapte-. umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni yaphela emva uYakobi Lilishwa kwingozi yesithuthuthu eyamshiya ngokusisigxina usisiqhwala.

Utshintsho kwi ebomini balo

Umntu abatsha uhlaziye izicwangciso zazo ukuze ubomi elizayo, yaye ngowe-1946 wangena University of kaXhosa. Le isisombululo uba ngobaluleke kakhulu kuba le yunivesithi Dzheyms Klavell wadibana actress Epril Strayd, phakathi kwabo kwabaneka iimvakalelo, Februwari 20, 1951 abangabathandi satshata. Kamva uYakobi wazala nebhongo iintombi ezimbini, noMichaela Holly. Ukusukela ukuba inkosikazi yakhe ixesha nohlobo elide umsebenzi oluqhutywa phaya Studios, Clavell kakhulu kwakufuneka aye apho. Ngoko ngokuzola, uYakobi wafumanisa ubizo lwakhe zobugcisa waba umhambisi bhanya-bhanya.

Screenwriter umqondisi

Ngowe-1953, Clavell ugqiba ukuzama luck yakhe eUnited States. Akuba ebuyile, ebamkele isimemo ukusebenza show pilot TV, wafudukela nentsapho yakhe eNew York. Fezekisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo oko kunokwenzeka akukho kwaoko, ke ngoko, ukuze axhase intsapho, umbhali odumileyo elizayo akuthethi akuphephe imini kusebenza umsebenzi esiqhelekileyo, yaye ebusuku ukubhala amaphepha. italente yakhe nomdla umboniso ukunika isiphumo yokuqala enkulu 1958: on script kwakhe ngokwenza movie "The Fly", apho kamva waba Thriller zakudala. Ngowe-1959 wabona nokukhululwa "Vatusi" ezibhaliweyo Clavell, kwaye nangona indima ephambili umboniso sele odumileyo Maykl Keyn, lo mfanekiso yafumana namawonga bemisebenzi. Umbhali yamabhongo akanazinjongo sinyamezele le imo yezinto, uthi umfanekiso ayiphumelelanga ngenxa yokufayilisha ngokungafanelekanga ibali. Ngoku Dzheyms Klavell iceba ukulawula inkqubo lonke self-imveliso bhanya-bhanya kulo nyaka, ukwenza ifilimu, "Ezintlanu Gates Esihogweni," nto leyo isebenza screenwriter, umlawuli kunye umvelisi. Emva koko lo mfanekiso ushukumayo wadutyulwa 1960, "Hamba njengenamba," yaye ngowe-1963 ehlabathini babona imifanekiso eshukumayo "Le kukusinda okukhulu." Lo mboniso Bhanya-etha ngembali amabanjwa yokuphuma emfazweni enkampini kakhulu bathe ngamaNazi. Lo mboniso wamzisa Clavell impumelelo enkulu kunye nebhaso ukusuka Writers Guild ukuze yifilimu intle nyaka. Xa ubomi lomlawuli kunye screenwriter kufika omnye utshintsho: kunyaka omnye wafumana US nobumi.

inoveli lokuqala

Impumelelo umsebenzi ozithandayo nceda Clavell, kodwa musa ukunceda ukulibala umvambo wemfazwe ekuthinjweni, elo nayo. Umfazi icebisa uYakobi bhala ngeziganeko ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo ephepheni ukuba balahle akrazule ephikisanayo kunye ingxabano, kubenze abalinganiswa encwadi. Ngoko inoveli lokuqala "uKumkani Rat" yapapashwa ngowe-1962, apho umbhali uchaze kakhulu ukuba kwenzeka ntoni Changi eminqubeni. Le ncwadi yokuqala kolu thotho, eyaziwa ngokuba "Saga Asia." Kamva, kakade ngumbhali American Dzheyms Klavell wakhumbula lanikwa kunzima kangakanani ukusebenza kwi ncwadi. Iidrafti wephepha ngalinye kwakufuneka ubhale ngayo amaxesha ukufezekisa umoya yeziganeko ezenzeka kwinoveli. Le ncwadi yaba ethengwa yethutyana, kunye neminyaka emithathu kamva le mifanekiso isekelwe inoveli.

Umbhali Dzheyms Klavell: imisebenzi yakhe

Ngowe-1966, oko zabavakalisa Clavell inoveli "Tai-Pan," yaye nangona bagxeki akunjalo ngazwi ngenzondelelo kubulisa ncwadi, inoveli ekugqibeleni iyaqhutywa. Clavell gqolo ukubhala zeempendulo kwaye wenze iifilim, njengoko umthetho, izifundo zomkhosi okanye thrillers. I inoveli "Shogun" Umbhali idumileyo kwaye ethandwa zabavakalisa ngowe-1975, le ncwadi wathengisa amanani amakhulu, yaye ngo-1980 kwinoveli iyaqhutywa. Lo mboniso grossed kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-120, yaye uRichard Chamberlain, abo badlale indima engundoqo ye Umatiloshe yaseBritani, wazifumana eJapan, nangoko lenyuka ukuya phezulu ethandwayo. Kwi ebanzi, imveliso wakhululwa ngowe-1989, yaye kamva kwakukho umdlalo computer kwegama elifanayo.

Bypasses ingqalelo umbhali kunye nabaphulaphuli yabantwana, kwaye yapapashwa "Ibali Abantwana" ngo-1980. Umxholo East ebesoloko enomdla kwaye kufutshane kakhulu umbhali, ngoko uyaqhubeka ukusebenza uthotho lweencwadi ze "Saga Asia." Ngowe-1981 wapapasha incwadi ethi "Noble House" ubalisa iziganeko ezenzeka kwi gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini e-Hong Kong. Emva koko, ngo-1986, umfundi wayeqhelene inoveli "isivunguvungu", nto leyo ithetha ngezi ziganeko ezenzeka elishumi eIran. Oku kugqiba umjikelo yenoveli zembali "gai-jin", inyathelo apho kwenzeka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba Japan. Wapapasha incwadi ngo-1993. Ukongeza ngokubhala, umsebenzi ababhali 'yaye umlawuli, Clavell, ngubani ukususela ebuntwaneni awayezithanda inkcubeko kwiMpuma kakuhle iilwimi ezininzi, bubonakala iincwadi zamandulo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba abe nako ukumelana ngo-1983, ukuze ukuguqulela nokupapasha incwadi adumileyo "Art of War" Sun Tzu kaThixo.

ubomi Personal kunye neenkolelo

kwi venkile lokudala oogxa kuqatshelwe ukuba umbhali waseMerika screenwriter Dzheyms Klavell waba uphawu olomeleleyo. Akwazi kakuhle ngqwabalala yaye abandayo nabantu obengazi, nokuba ukuba abanamandla. Impumelelo enkulu ngemisebenzi yombhali wamenza ngusozigidi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye Clavell akazange wamgxotha imali, ubuchule bekusoloko kuyeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Abavakalisi bathi umbhali ndizigcinile, andangena inkqubela yaye akazange akuvumele esikiweyo. Wathi yena ethile imali ukuze babhale oko akucingayo kufanelekile, ngokwesantya sakho. Intombi yakhe ukhumbula ukuba ndoda ayizange umbhali kawonke Dzheyms Klavell. Iifoto apho umbhali oluveza umsebenzi, ukwenza kucace ukuba umsebenzi kwakuthetha kuye. Usapho lwakhe bekusoloko yindawo ekhuselekileyo, apho umbhali kusithela ngemithombo ebandakanya wonke. Xa wada wavuma ukuba angathembela kobu bomi, nomfazi wakhe neentombi. Ekubeni lo mkhaya imali eyaneleyo, umbhali rhoqo wahlala emva isondo ntaka yakhe, lweMedia ukubhala imisebenzi kwenye yezindlu ezimbalwa eUnited States, Austria okanye France. Kunye nenkosikazi yakhe wayehamba kakhulu, ingakumbi Asia.
Ide ngemihla yokugqibela Dzheyms Klavell waqhubeka ukusebenza, kodwa iiprojekthi ezininzi ayikhange ilandelwe ngenxa nesifo kakhulu oncological alwa ngawo ixesha elide. Indida yobomi zombhali wachacha emva nobetho, leyo esikuhlelayo oko kaSeptemba 6, 1994 kwidolophu Vevey eSwitzerland. Wafa inyanga phambi yokuzalwa kwakhe seventieth.