Ulwazi - olu lwazi ... School. indawo Knowledge. Hlola ulwazi lwakho

Ulwazi - eli gama ebanzi kakhulu oluthixo iinkcazelo eziliqela, iimilo ezahlukeneyo, imigangatho kunye neempawu. Yintoni na inkalo olwahlula ulwazi yesikolo? Ziziphi iindawo ntoni kubagubungela? Yaye kutheni simele ukukhangela ulwazi? Masiqalise kunye ngcamango.

ulwazi

Nazi iinkcazo ezine ezisisiseko:

1. Ulwazi - eziphilayo apho kukho iziphumo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, ezijolise ulwazi.
2. E ebanzi ingqiqo, jikelele, ulwazi kuthiwa, imbono ayinyani lobuqu ezikhona ngamnye, abhijelwe ngokohlobo magama kunye nenkcazo.
3. Ingakumbi, le ndlela imxinwa ulwazi - kodwa inkcazelo enokuthenjwa kunceda ukusombulula le ngxaki.
4. Ulwazi nayiphi na into - inkqubo ulwazi malunga nayo, ikunceda sebenzisa umba ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo.

Ulwazi akuthethi ukuba zinxulumene kwinzululwazi, ukuba ukufunxa into enzima kunye ziqhele. Ngaloo ndlela ufuna ukubamba icephe, wena uyazi.

onesimilo sokwazi

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezisisiseko ulwazi: ingqiqo, bemiqondiso, ubugcisa kunye nendlela.

I okokuqala kwimbali yolwazi lomntu ingqalelo ulwazi umdlalo. Limelwe ukuba aqeqeshe nokuphuhlisa umlinganiswa, lwenza kube lula ukubona iimpawu zakho zomntu.

Iintlobo ulwazi kukho ezimbalwa:

• ulwazi lwezenzululwazi;
• ulwazi non-lwezenzululwazi;
• kwengqondo (common-kengoku ulwazi);
• enobuchwepheshe;
• ulwazi nenkolo.

ulwazi lwezenzululwazi bafuna ukuqonda inyaniso, ukuchaza, ukucacisa ze baqonde inyaniso, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezimo. eziphambili iimpawu zabo - wonke, ukungathathi icala kunye nokunyaniseka.

ulwazi Non lwenzululwazi-ikhona na kuluntu, ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo yalo, imithetho, nobuthwala iingcinga eli qela labantu. Kungenjalo, zibizwa esotericism.

ulwazi yemihla ngemihla - olusisiseko umntu, ukuba ubone indlela umntu aziphatha ngayo, yintoni iintshukumo kumnceda uzulazule ndlela leyinene. Olu hlobo lolwazi waba sele sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso loluntu abantu.

Uhlobo kolwazi

Ngokwemvelo, ulwazi kunokuba zombini procedural and declarative.

Lokuqala - esebenzayo, ukumnika ingcamango malunga iindlela zokufumana ulwazi olutsha, oko iindlela, ubuchule, inkqubo. Umzekelo, indlela iintloko.

Okwesibini - kangaka ukuthetha, zezenzi, i inkqubo izimvo malunga nento ethile, izibakala, ingqiqo ngolwimi. Ngokomzekelo, xa irobhothi imibala ezintathu: obomvu, omthubi kunye noluhlaza.

Ukanti lwazi yahlulwe yenzululwazi kunye non-lwezenzululwazi. ulwazi lwezenzululwazi - oku lulwazi enokwehla urhwebe ezenziwayo okanye ithiyori - kwiingcingane, iingqikelelo.

indawo yobungcali Non-lwezenzululwazi kuquka ulwazi ezifana:

• parascientific (gnosiological engahambelaniyo kunye standard ezikhoyo);
• pseudoscientific (ekhulayo wentsimi zentelekelelo, iintsomi, nekhethe);
• yesayensi kumahlelo-(ziyenzeka ngamaxesha eqine ideology totalitarianism engqiyame kwiindlela zamanyangaza);
• nesayensi (abaziqonda ngabom ulwazi okhoyo, Utopia balima ukuphuhlisa izihlandlo ukuzisa);
• pseudoscientific (ngokususela iingcamango ezaziwayo-kakuhle legends);
• zesiqhelo, ngemihla (ulwazi olusisiseko ubuntu ezikhona, rhoqo kwakhona);
• ubuntu (kuxhomekeke ubuchule ngamnye).

ulwazi yesikolo

Kule nkqubo yokuqeqesha iinkosi umntwana ulwazi, bafunda ukusebenzisa kubo practice (skills) kwaye automates le nkqubo (skills).

Ulwazi Isiseko, abafundi bazuza, le nkqubo, iseti ulwazi nezakhono abazifumene ngexesha loqeqesho.

Njengenxalenye yesikolo lolwazi - yinto inkqubo kwemithetho nayiphi na inxalenye yehlabathi yokwenene (domain), nto leyo evumela umfundi ukusombulula iingxaki ezithile phambi kwakhe. Leyo ulwazi iquka amagama afana:

• iqiniso;
• magama;
• yomgwebo;
• umfanekiso;
• buhlobo;
• nokuhlola;
• ngokubanzi;
• algorithm;
• heuristics.

ulwazi yokwakhiwa - oku kuthetha ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo, nto leyo isenza degree of ukuqonda imithetho esisiseko kunye nemigaqo kulendawo.

Bathi ngentetho evakalayo, oko kukuthi, ziyacaca, ukubonisa kufanelekile.

Ulwazi ezihlangene ineebloko ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, imisebenzi, njalo-njalo. D.

Kwakhona esebenzayo - ukuba avelise ulwazi olutsha.

Umntu ngamnye uyakwazi ukugcina ulwazi (khumbula), ukuzala, qinisekisa, uhlaziyo, uguqule, intetho.

Ulwazi efunekayo ukuze umntu zokusombulula umsebenzi othile, ukuhlangabezana nale ngxaki, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ukwazi oko uya kukwenza ukuze ufumane impendulo, isiphumo.

izakhono

isicelo substantive kolwazi practice - izakhono. Kungenjalo, kuba luphuhliso iindlela zokwenza izinto, apho kubonelelwa, zixhaswa yi ezinye uhlobo lolwazi. yabo (umfundi) isebenzisa, amaguquka, iqulunqa, hlaziya njengoko kuyimfuneko.

izakhono

Le amandla umfundi, uwexulwe automatism. Xa izenzo ekhethiweyo ngabom ukusombulula iingxaki zeli hlobo ziphindwa kwakhona kwaye kwakhona, yaye ngenxa yazo ichanekile, impumelelo, yavelisa ukuba uhlobo reflex.

Umfundi, kuphononongwe umsebenzi, khetha indlela yokucombulula oko kamsinya kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Hlola ulwazi lwakho

Utitshala kufuneka ukwazi kakuhle abantwana bafunde isifundo eziphathekayo, ukuqhubeka phambili imfundo yabo.

Oku kufuna yokutshekisha rhoqo ulwazi. main umsebenzi walo - ekuphakamiseni izinga lolwazi umfundi, kungekhona ukubathoba, befuna ukunqakula kwi ngokungazi umbandela, akukho izakhono. Uphicotho kufuneka kukunceda utitshala ukufumana phandle indlela kakuhle abantwana bafunde ulwazi esikolweni.

Nakule yemfundo eRashiya kwakukho iinzame ezininzi aziphumelelanga ukuseka uvavanyo nokuqonda inkqubo ukuze zisekelwe kuhlaziswa, ukoyikisa, baba ezikhathazayo.

Ngoku kwindawo ezintlanu-uvavanyo isikali ulwazi.

Ingcamango jikelele yeli candelo - wolawulo: ukuchonga, umlinganiselo, uvavanyo kolwazi; check yabo - yinxalenye kuphela kolawulo.

Kwakhona kwi "ulawulo" uye ingqikelelo "Uvandlakanyo" - indlela ukuvuselela ngamnye "luvandlakanyo" - inkqubo yokuchonga izinga.

Monitoring kufuneka ingakhethi cala, ecwangcisiweyo, ecacileyo nala malungu alandelayo:

• pre-test ekuqaleni konyaka;
• khangela emva izihloko nganye bafunda (current);
• retransmission, ekulungiseni isixa kweziphumo ulwazi;
• ziqwalasele amacandelo le khosi (ezithile);
• sokugqibela;
• ezintsonkothileyo.

Ukukhangela kufuneka enze imisebenzi ezintathu ezingundoqo:

• ukulawula (ukuqinisekiswa ulwazi phambi kokuba isigaba esilandelayo uqeqesho);
• ekufundeni (kuphunyezwa nini ukusebenza kwiqela);
• ukufundisa (zivusa ukuzeyisa, umsebenzi, ukuzithemba).

iilwimi zasemzini

Iilwimi kwamanye amazwe, izizwe, eyenziwa ngumntu lo, apho kusoloko kukho plus. Umntu owaziyo ulwimi lwasemzini uyazimela abanye. Oku kunceda ukwakha umsebenzi ngempumelelo, ukuhamba, ukuphuhlisa inkumbulo, njalo-njalo. N.

Umntu unokuba ngumbandela ezahlukeneyo, izidanga zemfundo, kodwa ulwazi ezimbini (ezintlanu, elinambini) lwimi ziya kusoloko ayithem eyahlukileyo kumgca kuluhlu lwe bebephethe yakhe kukubizela intlonelo ekhethekileyo.

Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo eRashiya yamkele jikelele ulwazi French, isiJamani, IsiNgesi kunye Chinese (kuba ngoku).

Ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini sele kudala ziqukiwe kwinkqubo yemfundo. Umntwana Ungakhetha (s) lwimi, ngubani ofuna ukufunda ekuqaleni kwekhosi baze bandise ulwazi lwabo yokuzikhethela.

Kwakhona ixakeke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni imibutho yabucala kunye nezikolo apho izifundo ezahlukeneyo (ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezinqabileyo undilibele) iilwimi. Ezinye izifundo ziqhutywa zizithethi lweenkobe, kwaye iiholide olindwendwelayo izikolo ukuba "emanzini". Kwiziganeko ezinjalo, ukuba kuthi Russian, ukunxibelelana kuphela ngolwimi ekujoliswe kulo.

kwinqanaba ulwazi lolwimi

Kukho kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ebonisa izinga ulwazi lwabafundi ngolwimi lwasemzini.

• Highest - fluency ulwimi olubhaliweyo noluthethwayo - level unaso isakhono.
• Xa umntu ukhululekile ukuthetha, ukufunda nokubhala, uphambuke iimpazamo ezincinane - kulo mgangatho Advanced.
• Ukuba isigama elikhulu, ukukwazi ukungena mpikiswano, funda naziphi izicatshulwa nangokubonisa ukuqonda isiqulatho yabo ezithile ezingachanekanga, le Yesuka indoda ukuba Upper Intermediate kwinqanaba.
• Xa kahle isigama basic, kodwa sele kukho kukho ophulaphulayo lokuqonda elungileyo, ukufunda kunye nezakhono nokubhala kakhulu phezulu, - esiPhakathi.
• Ukuba umntu aqonde oko, leyo bathetha kuye (ngokucothayo yaye ngokucacileyo), ixesha elininzi ukwakha ngamabinzana zegrama, isigama kwenza kube nzima ukunxibelelana ngokukhululekileyo - a kwinqanaba Pre-esiPhakathi.
• Xa ulwazi olusisiseko, uhlobo kuphela esisiseko zegrama, isigama yayincinane, ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala hayi ziphuhliswa - phambi kwethu umntu onolwazi kwinqanaba olubuthathaka.
• Xa umfundi ekuqaleni nje ukuba uqhelane nolwimi, kodwa akukho ukuqonda ngokucacileyo iintlobo zegrama, sisazi nje ngamabinzana ezimbalwa - Beginner.

Amaxesha amaninzi le yokuhlela ibhekisele ku IsiNgesi.