Ulwazi malunga enomsila. Enomsila ukuhamba. amagama nethala

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abantu baye bafuna ukuba atyhile zimfihlo uyayigubungela isibhakabhaka. Ukususela kweteleskopu yokuqala, nezesayensi inyathelo ngenyathelo ukuqokelela zamani yolwazi zifihlwe babeziindleko oluninzi isithuba sele yenziwe. Lifikile ixesha lokuba ukufumanisa apho wenza khona abathunywa isithuba - enomsila kunye awe esibhakabhakeni.

Yintoni enomsila?

Ukuba ngaba umntu uqwalasela le intsingiselo yegama elithi "unomgca", size elilingana neli zamandulo zamaGrike. Ngokoqobo lithetha "iinwele ezinde." Ngoko ke, lo gama yanikwa ngenxa isakhiwo umzimba yasezulwini. Enomsila has a 'intloko' kunye 'nomsila "elide - i uhlobo' iinwele". intloko enomsila iquka inucleus kunye nezinto perinuclear. Ukubunjwa singahlanganisa amanzi engundoqo evakalala, kunye neegesi ezifana methane, ammonia kunye carbon dioxide. Isakhiwo leyo enomsila Churyumov - Gerasimenko, wavula-Oktobha 23, 1969.

Njengoko enomsila phambi

Kumaxesha amandulo, ookhokho bethu balinqula yaye ceba ze ezahlukeneyo. Nangoku kukho abo inxibelelanisa imbonakalo ezinomsila into ukulenza yaye kungakholeleki. Abantu abanjalo basenokucinga ukuba lo wolunye uhlanga ovela kwelinye imvula ehlabathini. Uvelaphi onjalo ukuzibonela? Mhlawumbi yiloo into yokuba inkangeleko ezi zidalwa zasezulwini ngonaphakade bangqamana esithile ethethwe.

Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye ukutshintsha neembono yintoni eyenza nonomgca encinane kunye enkulu. Umzekelo, isazinzulu njengoko uAristotle, ukuhlolisisa ubume babo yagqiba ukuba le gesi ezikhanyayo. Ngokusebenzisa ixesha, omnye sobulumko ogama uSeneca, owayehlala eRoma, uye wacebisa ukuba nonomgca - oko kubekwe phezu umzimba esibhakabhakeni ihamba omise zabo. Noko ke, ukuze phambili ngokwenene kwisifundo yajika phandle kuphela emva kokudalwa ezinjengeetelescope. Xa Newton wafumanisa umthetho womxhuzulane, yenyuka.

imibono yangoku malunga nethala

Izazinzulu sele uqinisekile ukuba enomsila iqulunqwe engundoqo eqinileyo (1 ukuya ku-20 km xa ubukhulu). Yintoni na ongundoqo enomsila? Ukususela umxube wamanzi tyaba kunye nothuli cosmic. Ngowe-1986, imifanekiso ethile enomsila zenziwa. Kuye kwacaca ukuba umsila wayo umlilo - lo kwakhululwa sokuqukuqela serhasi nothuli, apho sinako ukubona ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba. Ngesizathu esithile, kukho le "mlilo" blowout? Ukuba Ibhanti iyabhabha kufutshane kakhulu ilanga, lo gama likumyinge itshiswa, nto leyo ekhokelela kokukhutshwa eluthulini kunye negesi. amandla elanga usebenzisa uxinzelelo phezu kwezinto eziqinileyo apho enomsila. Oku kukhokelela nomsila umlilo uthuli. Ezi iziqwenga nothuli ziyinxalenye kwingoma ukuba sibona esibhakabhakeni xa kukho isindululo ezinomsila.

Yintoni ebonisa ukuma umsila enomsila ngayo

Umyalezo malunga ezinomsila, thaca ngezantsi, kuya kusinceda siqonde ngcono ukuba oonomgca kunye nokuba zisebenza njani. Zahluke - ukusuka imisila zonke iimilo. Zonke indaba ekwakhiweni endalo amasuntswana enza umsila omnye okanye abanye ngayo. ngamaqhekeza amancinci kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kubaleka ukusuka elangeni, yaye ezo ngakumbi kancinci, ngokuchaseneyo, badla nkwenkwezi. Yintoni na isizathu? Kubonakala ukuba move yokuqala, bephathwa yi amandla elanga, kude, kwaye ngesiganeko yesibini amandla omxhuzulane kwelanga. Ngenxa yale mithetho yemvelo sifumana imisila enomsila ezo kujikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abo imisila enamakhulu becala igesi iya mayibhekiswe ukusuka inkwenkwezi, kwaye corpuscular (ezibandakanya lusa lwa uthuli), phezu koko, ukufuna ilanga. Yintoni uthini lexinene umsila enomsila ngayo? Ngokuqhelekileyo, imisila ilifu nga iyakulinganiselwa izigidi khilomitha, kwezinye iimeko, amakhulu ezigidi. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kwa nshita, umzimba enomsila, umsila wayo ngaphezu amasuntswana alahlwayo ngaphandle kokuba kancinane okanye akukho mninzi. Xa Ibhanti osondela Sun, umsila nonomgca kaThixo Uyakwazi ukwahlula kubini kwaye ukuthenga isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo.

Isantya intshukumo Amasuntswana umsila enomsila

Umlinganiselo isantya intshukumo ngumsila nonomgca alikho lula, kuba asikwazi ukubona amasuntswana ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha xa Velocity intshukumo okukulo nomsila ukuba uzimisele. Ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ngamafuphi ilifu igesi. Ku zazihamba Ungabala kwisantya uqikelelo. Ngoko ke, imikhosi uqhuba enomsila kuthiwa mkhulu kangangokuba Irhafu amaxesha 100 mkhulu nokutsala kwelanga.

Lasinda enomsila

yonke yabantu ezinomsila kuxhomekeke ikakhulu ubunzima kwentloko enomsila, okanye kunoko, yaseburhulumenteni. Wavele, enomsila abancinane bahlole tonnes kuphela nje ezimbalwa. Kanti, ngokutsho uqikelelo, le izijikelezi omkhulu ukufikelela ubunzima 1 iitoni 000 000 000 000.

Yintoni a Meteor

Maxa wambi amanye nonomgca udlula ukujikeleza koMhlaba, kusale umzila kobutyobo. Xa iplanethi yethu udlula kuloo ndawo apho kukho enomsila, lowo doti nothuli yokuba, abanye ngayo, ngesantya esikhulu ufake umoya. Le isantya uza kweekhilomitha ezingama-70 ngomzuzwana. Xa ngamaqhekeza nonomgca kaThixo iyatsha iphelele esibhakabhakeni, sinako ukubona umzila omhle. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba Meteor (okanye eziwa).

enomsila Age

izijikelezi-Fresh elikhulu ingaphila iibhiliyoni kangangethuba leminyaka. Noko ke, enomsila, njengaye nawuphi na umzimba cosmic ayisekho ungakwazi ngonaphakade. Okukhona besondela ngamnye enye evela Sun, ngoko ulahlekelwa izinto eziqinileyo ngakumbi kwaye sukube kumafa zabo. "Intsha" enomsila nga ukhulula kakhulu ubunzima logama nje ngaphezulu sabo bakha uhlobo uqweqwe yokhuselo ethintela olunye abe ngumphunga kunye baphelelwe. Noko ke, "abaselula" enomsila kuthiwa ukwaluphala, yaye kwasekwa indala yaye ulahlekelwa ubunzima bayo kunye nomlinganiselo. Ngoko ahlangene phezulu unenxaxheba ezininzi Undintshwenyisile, neentanda kunye waphuka. Gas kwemali, ukutsha, ihlaba umzimba nonomgca phezu naphezu, enika nesantya umhambi.

enomsila Halley kaThixo

Enye enomsila, isakhiwo iyafana nje enomsila Churyumov - Gerasimenko, Ibhanti avulwa Edmund Halley. Waqonda ukuba ezinomsila zijikeleza elide okweqanda apho ukuhambahamba ixesha lokuphumla enkulu. Wafanisa ngamnye ezinye ezinomsila eziye ndazigcina emhlabeni 1531, 1607 no 1682, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Kwathi kanti ukuba omnye kunye nonomgca enye, nto leyo eyabangela kunye necala eya ngakulo ukusa kwixesha ngexesha nama-75 iminyaka. Ekugqibeleni, kwathiwa igama emva sisazinzulu.

Enomsila kwinkqubo solar

Thina kwinkqubo elanga. Hayi okwangoku akukho ezinomsila ngaphantsi kwe 1000 ziye siyafunyanwa kuthi. Zahlula-hlulwe iintsapho ezimbini, yaye, bona, yahlulwe kwiiklasi. Ukuze lokuhlela ezinomsila, izazinzulu uthathe ingqalelo iimpawu zazo ezithile: ixesha apho ungaya yonke indlela orbit, kwaye ixesha lonyango. Xa sithatha umzekelo, Halley kaThixo comet, okhankanywe ngaphambili, lisebenza utshintsho mpela malunga ilanga iminyaka ngaphantsi kwama-200. Oku kubhekisela enomsila ngamaxesha. Noko ke, kukho abo sizoyisa zonke indlela ixesha elifutshane ixesha - babizwa ngokuba nethala elifutshane-xesha. Sinokuqiniseka ukuba inkqubo yethu ilanga, kukho inani elikhulu ezinomsila ezuza zijikeleza kucanda ngeenxa inkwenkwezi yethu. Le zasezulwini asuswe ezisuka embindini kwinkqubo yethu kangangoko ukuba ashiye ngasemva Uranus, nguNeptune kunye iPluto. Maxa wambi kuba indlela kufutshane kakhulu iiplanethi, nto ke leyo ebangele utshintsho ukutshintsha ezindleleni zazo. Ngokomzekelo, le enomsila Enke.

Ulwazi malunga ezinomsila: ixesha-ithuba

Isikhokelo ye ezinomsila ixesha-ithuba yahluke gqitha ukusuka mfutshane-xesha. Abalekela ilanga macala onke. Umzekelo, Heyakutake kunye Hale Bopp. Last wakhangela mihle kunene, ngexesha lokugqibela I wasondela umhlaba wethu. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba kwixesha elizayo kunye Umhlaba ingabonwa kuphela emva amawaka eminyaka. A lot ezinomsila, kunye ixesha elide intshukumo zifumaneka kwi ngohlangothi wezijikelezi-langa. Emva phaya kwinkulungwane yama-20 ngeenkwenkwezi Dutch ucingela ubukho amaqela ezinomsila. Kamva ke kwaba ubukho amafu enomsila, nto leyo eyaziwa namhlanje njenge "Oort Cloud" yaye yathiywa emva kokuba sisazinzulu eyafumana ngayo. Yintoni na inani ezinomsila kuxhomekeke efini Oort? Ngokutsho kwezinye kuqikelelo, kungekho ngaphantsi kwe ezigidi. Ithuba intshukumo ezinye zezi ezinomsila abe ukukhanya iminyaka eliqela. Kulo mzekelo, yonke indlela yakho enomsila ukoyisa iminyaka million 10!

Iingceba comet izihlangu - Levy 9

Posts malunga ezinomsila ehlabathini lonke ukunceda kuphando lwabo. umdla kakhulu kunye nombono yayintle izazi oyakubandakanyeka ozakuyibona ngo-1994. iziqwenga ezingaphezu kwama-20 abaseleyo izihlangu - Levy 9 isantya crazy (malunga nama-200 000 km ngeyure) nemoto Jupiter. Asteroids langena ojikeleze umhlaba kunye ziintlantsi kunye neziqhushumbisi enkulu. igesi hot-Red sichaphazele ukuyilwa kwiindawo umlilo enkulu kakhulu. Lobushushu kuyo imichiza bayakhuthazwa phezulu, amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu amaqondo obushushu leyo zimiliselwe kumphezulu kwelanga. Emva koko, lo iteleskopu wayebona ikholam eliphezulu kakhulu igesi. ukuphakama kwawo kwafikelela ubukhulu emikhulu - 3200 leekhilomitha.

Enomsila Biela - enomsila kabini

Njengoko sele sifundile, kukho ubungqina kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo enomsila kutshatyalaliswa. Ngenxa yoko baphelelwe ukukhanya kwazo kunye nobuhle. Kuyenzeka ukuba siqwalasele enye kuphela umzekelo kwimeko enjalo - le enomsila Biela. Ixesha lokuqala kwafunyaniswa ngo-1772. Emva koko, ke, loo nto nje kwakhona ubonile 1815, xa - ngo-1826 yaye ngo-1832 Xa wawuqhutywa ngo-1845, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba nonomgca ukhangela inkulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva afika ukuba akukho namnye, kodwa ezinomsila amabini enye ecaleni kwenye. Kwenzeka ntoni? Izazi ziye zafumanisa ukuba kunyaka odlulileyo, Ibhanti Biela aqhekeka kubini. Oosonzululwazi ixesha lokugqibela ziye zabhala ukuvela le nto-enomsila. Enye inxalenye kube lubeka phi ke ukuqaqamba enye. Ndandingazange Uninzi ambone. Noko ke, ngenxa kwexesha, hayi nje ebonakalayo Meteor stream orbit eyenzeka ngexesha kanye kunye komzila enomsila Biela. Eli tyala wabonisa ukuba ezinomsila nawaphula phantsi ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi ukungquzulana

Kuba intlanganiso iplanethi yethu nayo imizimba yasezulwini aziyihambeli okulungileyo. Isiqwengana enkulu ethile enomsila okanye Meteor ubungakanani eziphakamileyo osingqongileyo 100 eemitha liqhuma ngoJuni 1908. Ngenxa yale ntlekele babulala adle ezininzi yaye amawaka amabini iikhilomitha yayingagawulelwa hlathi. Yintoni eyayiza kwenzeka ukuba iqhuma loo ladubula ngasentla isixeko enkulu ezifana New York okanye eMoscow? Bekuya buxabise ubomi izigidi zabantu. Yaye oko kwakuza kwenzeka xa nonomgca yantlitha Umhlaba apho ububanzi of kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa? Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, phakathi kuJulayi 1994 langa uJupiter waba "badubule" iingceba comet izihlangu - Levy 9. Izazinzulu Izigidi ababukela le ndawo. Ungathini ukuba futhe iplanethi yethu?

Enomsila kunye Umhlaba - izimvo izazinzulu '

Ulwazi malunga ezinomsila, makwazeke izazinzulu, owahlwayela ukundoyika entliziyweni yabo. Izazi kunye abahlalutyi upeyinte yokunqakulisa ezingqondweni zabo imifanekiso eyoyikekayo - ingozi kunye enomsila. Xa eli litye aphaphazele emoyeni, oko kuya kubangela intshabalalo ongenakulungiseka ngaphakathi emzimbeni engaphandle. It is a uqhuma umsindo omkhulu, yaye ihlabathi liya ukubukela intsika kobutyobo meteoric - uthuli namatye. Sky kukugubungela kukhanya lomlilo ebomvu. On Earth, apho kuya kubakho utyani, ngenxa uqhushumbo ebudeni yonke amahlathi baya kutshatyalaliswa, amasimi kunye amadlelo. Ngenxa yokuba emoyeni iya ingenwe imitha yelanga kwi kakhulu kuba kuyabanda kwaye izityalo aziyi kuba nako ukuphumeza indima photosynthesis. Ngaloo yephule Imijikelo ngesondlo eziphila elwandle. Ukuba ixesha elide kungekho ukutya, into eninzi kubo. Zonke ezi ziganeko ngasentla ziya kuchaphazela imijikelo yemvelo. Egqugqisileyo imvula acid kuya kuba yingozi-ozone, ngoko uphefumlele kulo mhlaba uya kuba akunakwenzeka. Yintoni eyayiza kwenzeka ukuba nonomgca uya kuwela kwesinye kwezilwandle? Ke kunokukhokelela iintlekele emibi kwezendalo: ukuyilwa inkanyamba neetsunami. Umahluko kuphela kukuba ezi ntlekele ziya kuba isikali omkhulu ngaphezu koko wayeyiva iminyaka eliqela eliwaka yembali yabantu. Amaza omkhulu amakhulu okanye amawaka iimitha amanzi yonke endleleni yayo. Kwiidolophu nto ekhohlo nezixeko.

"Ukuze namava ayikho imfuneko"

Ezinye iinzululwazi, phezu koko, bathi ukuba akukho mfuneko yakuzixhalisa malunga iintlekele ezinjalo. Ayesithi xa umhlaba nezulu siya kusondela kufutshane eli litye, oko kuya kukhokelela kuphela usasazo wezulu kunye uhlamba Meteor. Ukuba ndine worry ngekamva iplanethi yethu? Ingaba kukho naluphi na ithuba ukuba ukhe sidibana enomsila iphaphazela?

Kokuwa enomsila. Ngaba thina sisoyika

Ngaba uthembe yonke into ufundisa? Musa ukulibala ukuba lonke ulwazi malunga ezinomsila ibhalwe ngentla - kuphela vekeleke ithiyori apho ayinakuqinisekisa. Kakade ke, ezi neminqweno adala umonakalo ezintliziyweni zabantu, kodwa ukuba nokwenzeka kokuba ihlabathi liya kuze yenzeke into enjalo, ayinamsebenzi. Izazinzulu abo iphande inkqubo yethu langa, bayinqule ngayo yonke into iye yacinga kubume bayo. Ayevela kunye ezinomsila kunzima ukufumana ukuba umhlaba wethu kuba likhuselwe njengekhaka elikhulu. Planet Jupiter, ngenxa yobukhulu balo, uye womxhuzulane enkulu. Kaninzi likhusela iplanethi yethu ukuba bangantingeli yi ubutyobo Ibhanti enomsila. Oko, oko ndawo iplanethi yethu, kukhokelela abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba zonke izixhobo iyilwe yaye nengcamango kwangaphambili. Ukuba kunjalo, uze wena akunguye kubukho engumlawuli, ngoko ungalala ngoxolo, kuba uMdali ngokuqinisekileyo ugcine umhlaba injongo oyenzileyo loo nto.

Amagama edume

Umyalezo malunga ezinomsila izazi ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini jikelele zenza i iinkcukacha elikhulu base imizimba yesiqalo. Phakathi edumileyo ezininzi. Umzekelo, i-enomsila Churyumov - Gerasimenko. Ukongeza, kweli nqaku siza ukuhlangana kunye Fumeykera enomsila - Levy 9 comet Encke kunye Halley. Ngaphandle kwezi, eyaziwa hayi kuphela nabaphandi ukuya ezulwini, kodwa abalandeli enomsila Sadulaeva. Kweli nqaku siye sazama ukuba ukunika ingcaciso epheleleyo noluthembekileyo malunga ezinomsila, ubume babo yaye yahlangana nolunye imizimba yasezulwini. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba bamkele zonke sonke isibhakabhaka, ngoko akabuya ukuchaza okanye udwelise zonke nonomgca eyaziwa ngoku. A isishwankathelo ezinomsila kwenkqubo elanga kuboniswe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi.

uphando isibhakabhaka

Ulwazi izazinzulu, Kakade ke, akukho bemi ngxi. Into esiyaziyo ngoku, ingazeki kuthi eminye iminyaka eli-100 okanye 10 eyadlulayo. Sinokuqiniseka ukuba banomnqweno ngokungakhathali ukufunda nobukhulu isithuba, kwaye ziya kuqhubeka ukutyhalela nemizamo yayo ukuqonda isakhiwo imizimba yasezulwini: awe esibhakabhakeni, ezinomsila, izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, izijikelezi, iinkwenkwezi, kunye nezinye izinto ezinamandla ngakumbi. Ngoku ke wangena babeziindleko ezinjalo isithuba ukuba ukucamngca ekuyo kunye eyoyikekayo yokumazi. Abaninzi bayavuma ukuba konke oku kwenzeke iyodwa kwaye kungekho njongo. Kubume a ezintsonkothileyo kufuneka ukuba ibe yinjongo. Noko ke, imibuzo emininzi enxulumene ubume bendawo yonke, yaye azikho. Kubonakala ngathi okukhona sifunda, kokukhona ukuphonononga ngakumbi izizathu. Enyanisweni, okukhona siya ukufumana ulwazi, kokukhona siyaqonda ukuba asazi inkqubo yethu ilanga, kumnyele wethu, iMilky Way , yaye kokukhona indalo. Noko ke, konke oku akayeki ngeenkwenkwezi, kwaye iqhubeka ukuqhubeka ukubambana iimfihlakalo zobomi. flying ngalinye kufutshane enomsila kuthiwa umdla kubo.

Inkqubo yekhompyutha "Space injini"

Ngethamsanqa, namhlanje ukuba bahlole indalo ngeenkwenkwezi abakwazi kuphela, kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo, le ukwazi ukuba khuthaze abo babaphulaphulayo ukuba benze njalo. Kutshanje, inkqubo yekhompyutha kwakhululwa "Space injini". Oku kuxhaswa uninzi iikhompyutha mihla abakumgangatho ophakathi. It is free ngokupheleleyo ukukhuphela kwaye ufake ngokuphendla kwi Internet. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, ulwazi malunga ezinomsila abantwana baya kuba umdla kakhulu. It uneyona ndlela yonke iphela, kuquka zonke enomsila kunye namaqumrhu yasezulwini, leyo ngoku ezaziwa zesayensi mihla. Ukuze ufumane umdla kuthi le nto isithuba, ezifana nonomgca, ungasebenzisa ukhangelo inkqubo ebomini eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Umzekelo, kufuneka nonomgca Churyumov - Gerasimenko. Ukuze ufumane oku, kufuneka ufake inombolo serial 67 F. Ukuba unomdla kwenye into, ezifana Sadulaeva enomsila. Emva koko zama ukufaka igama layo ngoonobumba Latin okanye ufake inombolo yalo ekhethekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, uyakwazi ukufunda ngakumbi enomsila cosmic.