Ulwazi Contemporary lwezenhlalo

Yokuhlalisana njenge inzululwazi eyavela kwinkulungwane ye-19 ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi sisazinzulu French Auguste Comte. Umsunguli isosioloji Auguste Comte kuqala lowu imfuneko ukudala inzululwazi yoluntu. Nguye owasungula le ulwalathiso positivist.

Izigaba Development Sociology

   Iingxaki ezinxulumene umyalelo yoluntu, ucinga uPlato noAristotle eGrisi yamandulo, T. Moore, uFrancis Bacon kunye Machiavelli kwi Renaissance, uThomas Hobbes, uYohane. Locke, Rousseau, uMontesquieu kule mihla siphila kuyo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, isosioloji uqala ukuphuhlisa ngenkuthalo. Kukho imisebenzi ngakaHerbert Spencer, Comte, Marx, Engels. Eli xesha ke kubizwa ngokuba kwisigaba sokuqala kophuhliso lenzululwazi loluntu (1840-1880 gg.).

Inqanaba lesibini (1890-1920 GG.), Ukudaleka nenzululwazi yoluntu iye yanxulunyaniswa ngophuhliso iindlela yokuhlalisana analysis kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezixhobo categorical. akhulelwe Positivist ngakaHerbert Spencer kunye Auguste Comte waqhubeka eyavela imisebenzi sisazinzulu French Emile Durkheim, nombhali ingcamango, ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo ukusebenza kwamaziko asekuhlaleni. Malunga eli xesha, oko uqalisa ukwakha isikolo lwenzululwazi Max Weber, umseki i "ukuqonda" kwabantu, apho ngokwembono yakhe, kufuneka siqonde inyathelo loluntu uzama ukucacisa uphuhliso kunye neziphumo.

Inqanaba lesithathu (1920 ukuya 1960) luphawulwa ekuqaleni lophuhliso olusebenzayo wenzululwazi eUnited States, kunye necandelo enokwehla. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngeli thuba ingcamango Talcott Parsons, esivumela ukuba amele uluntu njenge uhlobo lwesakhiwo olutshintshayo ezisebenzayo. Charles Mills uye wadala ebizwa ngokuba "isosioloji entsha", esalinikwayo uphuhliso yokuhlalisana yesenzo kunye ezibalulekileyo.

. Isigaba sesine kuphuhliso inzululwazi, eyaqala ngo-1960, amelwe ezininzi iindlela, ingqiqo, iqela ababhali: theory Robert Merton, ethnomethodology H. Garfinkel, ithiyori ye interactionism zokomfuziselo G. Mead kunye G. Bloomer, theory ingxabano Encoder abanye.

Contemporary lwezenhlalo Theory

Ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo noshowo-functionalist ekufundweni yoluntu, yaba A. Radcliffe-Brown. Umgqala kuluntu uhlobo superorganism eye zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ubukho oko, enyanisweni khona, kukho amaziko asekuhlaleni. B. Malinowski uthe ingqikelelo umsebenzi yaye isicelo ndlela functionalist ekufundweni inkcubeko. Parsons ithathwa ngunozala kombono inkqubo esebenza. Kwakhona yavelisa R. Merton, ngubani yaqalisa ingqiqo beengcamango yoo-level.

Ulwazi Contemporary yokuhlalisana ziquka kwakhona kwithiyori interactionism zokomfuziselo, leyo iphuhlise J. G. Mead noCharles Cooley. Ubuntu Kukholelwa Charles Cooley, sisiphumo zonxibelelwano. Personality umntu uba ngonxibelelwano (intsebenziswano) phakathi kwabantu. J. G. Mead wacebisa ingcamango yokuba amanyathelo ngamnye nentlalo kufuneka iqulunqwe ngoncedo weempawu ezifunyenwe ngabantu kule nkqubo elihle kwezentlalo.

imibono yokuhlalisana Modern ayikwazi bacinge namhlanje ngaphandle yokuhlalisana A. phenomenological Schyutsa, lowo uthi ezikhoyo ngqo ngezenzeko engqondweni kwaye ezinxulumene kwisigqibo esisengqiqweni. P. Berger kunye T. okky waziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe phezu kulwakhiwo loluntu leyinene. Ngu Peter Berger kunye Thomas Luckmann uluntu akhona na ngaxeshanye njengoko yinyani kunye luluvo.

Ukukhokela abameli zeniyo-Marxism baba Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas, UErich Fromm. Marxists esisiseko imigaqo methodological: ukuzinikela nobuntu, positivism, kunye kukukhanyela walo amaxabiso ekwabelwana kunye izibakala, ukukhululwa ngamnye ukusuka iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo yokuxhaphaza.

NoBourdieu, umseki le structuralism eyakhayo, yazama ukuthintela longquzulwano wenzululwazi ngabantu ithiyori kwaye enokwehla.

Zizo ezi ngcamango ezisisiseko mihla lwezenhlalo.