Ukwakheka ezinto igazi

Igazi - ulwelo zebhayoloji ebonelela amalungu kunye inyama izakhi kunye oxygenic. Kunye nenkqubo nkovu it yakha elijikeleziswa kwiincindi zomzimba. Iqhuba inani imisebenzi ebalulekileyo: okunesondlo, excretory, zokuzikhusela, izifo, mechanical, ezilawulayo, ulawulo lobushushu.

Ukubunjwa igazi lomntu utshintshatshintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Kufuneka ke ukuba abantwana ukutya kakhulu kakhulu, ngoko umzimba yabo imali yayo elikhulu ngalinye 1 kg ubunzima bomzimba xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala. Kwi-avareji, umntu omdala malunga ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu iilitha eli fluid eziphilayo.

Ukubunjwa iquka plasma yegazi (ulwelo isahlulo) kunye izinto kwakhiwa (erythrocytes, leukocytes, neeplatelets). Uyondelelwano lwee- iiseli ezibomvu ixhomekeke umbala wayo. I-plasma akanalo ziiprotein (lwefibrinogen) kuthiwa serum. Olu lwelo eziphilayo iye yokusabela awana.

Ukubunjwa ezinto egazini - iinkqubo buffer. Le njengesikhuseli igazi ziquka yesoda (7% of mass total), phosphate (1%), iiproteins (10%), ihemoglobin kunye oksigemoglobinovaya (81%) kunye asidi (1%) le nkqubo. Xa plasma esilawulwa yesoda, phosphate, iiproteins kunye asidi iiseli ezibomvu egazini - hydrogen carbonate, phosphate, kwi athwala - oksigemoglobinovaya kunye acid. Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo buffer asidi siqulathe asidi eziphilayo (acetate, zincancise, pyruvic, njalo njalo) kunye iityuwa zazo iziseko womelele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu hydro kunye nenkqubo athwala buffer.

Khemikhali Ukubunjwa egazini. Igazi luphawulwa rhoqo imichiza kuqamba. I-plasma yi 55-60% iyonke umthamo wegazi kunye 90% amanzi. Okuqinileyo iquka engumgquba (9%) kunye nezimbiwa (1%) ngezinto. izinto ezisisiseko eziphilayo ziiproteni, uninzi lwazo kuhlelwe esibindini.

Neprothini Ukubunjwa igazi. Iyonke protein umxholo egazini ezanyisayo isusela ukususela nge-6 ukuya kwisi-8%. Kukho malunga enye anamanci protein amacandelo plasma. Baya lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqhezu ezintathu: albumin, globulin kunye lwefibrinogen. iiproteni plasma, wahlala emveni kokuba ukususwa fibrinagena ekuthiwa igazi iiproteni serum.

Albumins inxaxheba uthutho izondlo ezininzi kunye nezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo (izakha, okunamafutha acid, iivithamini, ion ezingaphiliyo, yibilirubin). Wazibandakanya ummiselo ngamanzi kwezimbiwa ukutya. Serum globulin babohlulwe zibe amaqhezu ezintathu alpha-, beta- kunye wesigrike-globulin. Globulin ohambisa fatty, iihomoni steroid, iivithamini ezityebileyo-enyibilikayo, imizimba omzimba.

Le ekudleni Ukubunjwa igazi. I-plasma iqulethe monosaccharides (iswekile, fructose), glycogen, glucosamine monosaccharides phosphate kunye nezinye iimveliso eliphakathi of ekudleni ukutya. Ubuninzi carbohydrate amelwe glucose. Iswekile kunye nezinye monosaccharides kwi plasma igazi States simahla neprotini-ebotshiwe. Umxholo glucose edityaniswe ufikelela 40-50% omxholo ekudleni iyonke. Phakathi carbohydrate eziphakathi iimveliso pathways zincancise wachacha acid, umxholo apho kwandisa kakhulu emva umthambo onzima.

Xi glucose ke kuhluka ezininzi States izifo. Le mba we hyperglycemia uphawu seswekile, hyperthyroidism, ukothuka, zomzimba, nomkhuhlane.

Le lipid Ukubunjwa igazi. I-plasma iqulathe ukuya kwi-0.7% kunye lipids ngaphezulu. Lipids e States simahla neprotini-ebotshiwe. lipid yoxinaniso utshintsho plasma kweli ngezifo. Ngokomzekelo, xa sephepha, oko unako ukufikelela 3-10%.

greenhouse wegazi. Le biofluid iquka Ioksijini (oksijini), icarbon dioxide kunye nitrogen kwi ithi simahla, wabopha. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, malunga 99,5-99,7% mpilo ezinxulumene kwalo, yaye 03-0,5% na kurhulumente mahala.