Ukwahlulwa kwemida - yintoni na le nto? Ukwahlulwa-komda kukarhulumente

World ngaphandle Borders - into entle, kodwa ke yinto engenakwenzeka. Cordons phakathi amagunya, kuyabonakala ukuba, kuya kuqhubeka khona ixesha elide. Kwemida of imida - kodwa inkqubo ezisisiseko ezifunekayo ilungiselelo lwawo.

Ngomhla imida

Kwenye incwadi umbhali Ukrainian Nechui-Levitsky unalo ibali elimangalisayo "Kaydasheva usapho." Iziganeko ezichazwe kulo, ubuncinane amaxesha ukuba bahleke, ngokunzulu kabuhlungu. Heroes Kaidashev usapho umlimi, eyaziwa ngokuba ukuxabana banaphakade kunye nabanye. Eyaqala nge kwiingxwabangxwaba zasekhaya phakathi umama-in-mthetho kunye nobutshaba efungelweyo ngoko lugubungela yonke inyama. Kwaye nangona Kaydash endala esahlula unyana omdala, wazinza ekuhlaleni, oko akuthethi ekuthobeni ezikhohlakeleyo. ukufunga oluqhubekayo rhoqo kunye nokulwa, amaqhinga ezininzi emdaka nkqu self-ukuzicenta - kungenxa ukubaleka ngempazamo kungena eyadini eliselumelwaneni yenkuku, ngoko ngenxa amaqanda ebekwe nguye. Kwaye ke sizathu siphambili isihlava - le emibhaka endala ikhula kufutshane uthango phakathi sites ezinxulumeneyo. Ngenxa lokuvuna kuyo kwenzeka imfazwe kakhulu bungwanyalala, stihshie kuphela xa ubunile.

kwemida

Nokuba izalamane asondeleleneyo yinqobo ingxabano ezinjalo, ngoko kuthekani kurhulumente, ungquzulwano phakathi ngazo kungaba egazi ngokwenene? ukwahlukana eyiyo yenye yeemeko ukuze ukubakhulula ungquzulwano cross-umda. Ukwahlulwa - kukuseka imigca kanye ezohlula namazwe angabamelwane. Eli gama livela kwi delimitatio Latin, eliguqulelwa - ". Ukusekwa komda" kumazwe angabamelwane ngokusebenzisa thethwano lucacisa ukuba candelo iya kubanjwa phakathi kwabo, isikhundla sakhe jikelele kunye nolwalathiso.

Inkqubo kwemida

Ukwahlulwa - okanye inxalenye yesivumelwano phakathi amagunya-kubamelwane, okanye isicwangciso isivumelwano esikhethekileyo (ukutshintsha) umda karhulumente. Ukuze afeze kwemida kusetyenziswa imephu enkulu-isikali apho zonke iinkcukacha ngengingqi kuboniswe iinkcukacha, ngokunjalo zokuhlala. On eliphethwe ngawo omabini amaqela ayavumelana umgca, kwaye sinika iinkcazelo eneenkcukacha. Emva koko, kunye neemephu umda esayinwe ngabameli zamaqela izivumelwano, etywiniweyo, emva koko yinxalenye yesivumelwano.

On emdeni onjena

Ukwahlulwa-umda karhulumente le - le tinkering kunye namaxwebhu ezingahambi inyathelo ngokukhawuleza kwi lilungiselelo ungumqobo le. Kodwa kwizivumelwano kwi kwemida ngokuqinisekileyo abakhona kunye nezibophelelo amaqela ukuba idlulisele kwisithuba elifanelekileyo ngexesha "iphepha" izinto umda, okt. E. Malunga kwemida yawo.

Demarcation ebizwa ubeko ekhethekileyo kumgca ungumqobo emhlabeni phakathi kwamagunya kunye nolwabiwo yomda wayo encediswa iimpawu. Isiseko nemida ye uxwebhu kwi kwemida umda. Lo msebenzi wenziwe phantsi kweliso ikhomishini olungumxube nabameli kumazwe angabamelwane. Kwinkqubo lokudubula iindawo umda kwahlukanisa yi iimephu yayo eneenkcukacha zifakwa izithuba umda (okanye ezinye delimiters). Nayiphi Imida umda inyathelo esisigxina (kuchaziwe) ngokuzoba amaxwebhu ezithi imizobo kunye neefoto neengcingo eziqhotyoshelweyo. Akayi kuba intshukumo unganxibelelananga kwamanqaku ayeya.

Ukwahlulwa kwemida bamazwe

Ukuba urhulumente ukufikelela elwandle, kukho umbuzo malunga imida yayo elwandle. Bazibize nzima ngaphezu ilizwe, kungabi ngenxa element zolwandle perfidy. Xa amanzi angaphakathi States zihlanganiswe, isigqibo sabo kwemida kufuneka kwenziwe isiseko sivumelwano womabini, akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba kuzuzwe. I-1982 "yeZizwe eziManyeneyo Convention on the Law of the Sea" iphawulwe umkhwa omtsha umahluko kwendawo amanzi, nto leyo yohlulwe ubumbaxa kwi umba ndawo olwandle. Nangona injongo ndibano kukuba ukusebenza ngaphandle isisombululo enobulungisa, ukunqongophala imigaqo efanayo badla kunzima ukufikelela kwizibhambathiso kwaye sele efunyenwe iqela iingxabano phakathi-State. kwemida Maritime ifunyanwa ezinzima kakhulu, kokukhona ukujongana umba ichaphazela icandelo ezoqoqosho okanye ezopolitiko, ezifana phambi offshore oovimba hydrocarbon aqinisekisiweyo.

On the Law of the Sea

Lo mgaqo uphambili umthetho emanzini - inkululeko enzonzobileni. Esi sibonelelo lokufikelela jikelele isithuba emanzini yenziwa kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo yaye liquka inkululeko navigation nokuloba, eziphaphazelayo njalo njalo. Ukuba kuphela oko konke kwenziwa ngeenjongo uxolo. Ulwandle luvuleleke kubo bonke, kuquka amazwe musa ukuba ukumkhulula. Kwathi ngelo xesha, ummiselo zamaQela umcimbi onjalo Convention UN ubonelela amanzi kunye ezikufutshane kubo isithuba, neshelufa lizwekazi, ubukhulu kummandla kuphela kwezoqoqosho. Umba kwemida yolwandle - nguwe kanye lo inkcazelo yaloo inxalenye isithuba lwaselwandle shelf lizwekazi apho amazwe eselunxwemeni zaye ulongamo zabo. Kodwa ke njengokuba imele ezobuRhulumente ngumnqweno lokuba Uthatha indawo enkulu, iingxabano ezininzi kwimida bamazwe zihlolwa rhoqo yinkundla ngamazwe yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Xa umbuzo kwisahlulo isithuba yolwandle unxweme isonjululwe, nemida ziyasetyenziswa ikhadi.

iingxabano umda

Le kwemida kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe - kuba nalo ithuba kanye nabo bonke ukusombulula imbambano umda wakha khona phakathi kwamazwe. Ezi iimbambano badalwe ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zonke iimeko isiseko sabo - amabango indawo ukuya namazwe angabamelwane.

indawo eyayilwa nabo lizwe kwimpikiswano uzame ukuzithethelela ngokusebenzisa iingxoxo ezahlukeneyo. Oku yezembali kunye nenkcubeko rhoqo: a ukubandakanya elide-emi kunye kwelinye ilizwe okanye sendiselane uhlanga kunye nabantu abahlala apho. Ingqwalasela ezifanayo ngokuhamba kwexesha ayegqatse Germany ukuthetha malunga nelungelo labo naseSlovakia East Prussia. Ke eRomania, ngenxa yesizathu esinye, amaxesha ngamaxesha ukhumbula Northern Bukovina kunye Bessarabia. Kodwa yenza iingxabano interstate kwemida akuboni kunye nemida yee-umda, umzekelo, phakathi eRashiya neTshayina, Paraguay ne Argentina.

Malunga republic ye-USSR

Musa ukuthintela ukubethabethana umda kunye uthi elalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Xa Ukuwa kweUSSR kucacile amazwe asanda senziwa ngokungqamene imida ezindala zolawulo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kukuba obala zobuzwe kwaqhambuka ngamandla ethile. Inxalenye sizwe sahlukana ezigxile: Armenia of Nagorno-Karabakh, abantu baseMzantsi Ossetia. ukwahlukana Mechanical ngapha kwemida elalisakuba yiSoviet Union yakhokelela ukuyilwa exclaves - iindawo zomhlaba, engqongwe ngamanye amazwe. Ingaba kufuneka ukuthetha malunga bajonga ukuba abantu kwimimandla ekwanti, ezifana ummandla Kaliningrad?

Kodwa enye ngokwahlukana nzima ukuze uzibonele ngokwakho iziphumo kwabemi ithi Central Asia. Sithetha malunga Ferghana Valley. Kumaxesha Soviet, le ndawo phantse phambi kokuba iziko yangaphambili owodwa, yahlulwa ngesiquphe phakathi Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan kunye Tajikistan. Plus kwimida ulwandlalo sele kunzima entilini kunye eyingqongileyo kuba uthotho exclaves. Ngomhla kummandla Kyrgyzstan baba iilali Uzbek kunye zokuhlala belizwe Tajik zidibenene Kyrgyzstan kunye Uzbekistan. Oku sele kwakhokelela inani ukungqubana abukhali phakathi kwamazwe, enxulumene kumadlelo, amanzi, njl ..

Ukwahlulwa kwemida - oku indlela yoxolo

Yindalo yomntu sisoloko efanayo - nokuba yinto Kaidashev onochuku okanye uncultured iinkokeli aphezulu eburhulumenteni. Nganye iyazikhusela umdla, wonke umntu uzama ubulungisa (kakade, ekuqondeni lakhe) iqela lakhe. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ingcaciso ubudlelwane phakathi ithi ayinakuphepheka. Izifundo nayiphi na imbambano: bayahlelwa kwimimandla efana Gibraltar, endingowakhe ioli wafumanisa iishelfu offshore kumda, okanye isiphelo yeemfazwe thenda, eminyaka kamva ngathi udlelw 'ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo. Umngeni baze babe ice obungunaphakade. Kubonakala ukuba ixesha elincinane, kwaye kwiinkundla ngamazwe iya kuxoxwa amabango macala kwi inyanga nelanga.

Sinako ukuthandaza kuThixo kuphela ukuba zonke iingxaki sele zisonjululiwe ngoxolo kwaye ngaphandle kwegazi, kuphela nenkqubo yothetha-thethwano. Kwemida kunye Demarcation, Kakade, akuqinisekisi ukukhuselwa lobuntu ngenxa yeemfazwe, ukanti linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwindlela eya uxolo. Mhlawumbi ngenye imini iphupha eliqaqambileyo lobuntu kuzaliseka, yaye zonke cordons eyahlula phakathi ithi shwaka. Kodwa ezikhoyo ngoku yolawulo umda - yinkqubo efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ngomakhelwane elungileyo.