IGreenland i-Polar Shark: inkcazo, iimpawu kunye namaqiniso anomdla

IGreenland i-Polar Shark ngummeli omkhulu kwi-Katrana, ye-genni Somniosidae. Ubhekisela kwiintlanzi ezinobumba, ezingagqithwanga ngokubanzi.

Indawo

Le ngwaba enothando kakhulu kunayo yonke amalungu omndeni, ukhetha ukushisa kwamanzi kwi-1 ukuya kwi-12 ° C. Ummandla we-Selachia uhlanganisa umntla we-Atlantic Ocean, i-Arctic Ocean kwaye uquka amazwe aseScandinavia, i-USA, Canada, iRashiya, i-Iceland kunye neJamani. I-Greenland Polar Shark (i-somniosus microcephalus) ihlala kwibala elibanzi-elivela kwilizwekazi kunye ne-shelf yecala ukuya kwi-2000 m nangaphezulu. Ehlotyeni ifunyanwa ngokubanzi kwi-200-500 m, kwaye ebusika isondele kummandla. Yenza ukufuduka kwexesha kunye nokuhamba kwamanye amazwe, okumiselwa ukuhamba kweeplankton kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezenza ukutya kwayo.

Kubonakala

I-Greenland i-Polar Shark isendaweni yesithandathu ngobukhulu emva kokumhlophe, ifikelela kwiimitha ezili-8 ngobude kwaye isisindo sibe ngamathani amabini. Kodwa ubukhulu bomntu ngamnye buyi-4 m, kwaye ubunzima buyi 800 kg.

Umzimba wayo unomfanekiso ojikelezayo owenziwe nge-torpedo. Intloko incinci ngobukhulu obuxhomekeke kuyo yonke inyama. Umlomo wesilwanyana ungasentla. Imihlathi ibubanzi kwaye iluhlu. Inxalenye ephantsi ichazwe ngamazinyo angamabala aphezulu, kwaye inxalenye ephezulu iyancipha ngamazinyo abukhali. Ukuphakama kwabo kunye nabanye akudluli kwi-7 mm. Uhlobo lwe-Caudal lwe-heterocercal type, i-dorsaal-round and small in size.

Umzimba we-Selachium unemibala ebomvu ukuya phantse emnyama, ngezinye izihlandlo nge-tinge eluhlaza. Kukho amabala amnyama emfusa kuwo wonke umzimba. Amehlo oshaka awona amancinci, aluhlaza, angenayo i-membrane ekhuselekileyo. Bayakwazi ukukhanya ebumnyameni, echazwa ngokuqokelela kwama-copopods e-bioluminescent, ukuhlaziya indawo ejikeleze amehlo aloo mkhulu.

Iimpawu zesakhiwo

I-Greenland poars sharks inesibindi esikhulu esinamafutha, esingaphaya kwe-20% yesisindo somzimba. Eli thuba lenza umsebenzi wetshukumo eyongezelelweyo.

Izitya ze-Shark zigcwele kakhulu i-ammonia ne-trimethylamine oxide. Ezi zixhobo ziphazamisa ukuphefumla kwegazi, kugcina amandla okusebenza kwamaprotheni kunye nekhondo eliqhelekileyo leenkqubo ze-biological kwiimeko ezisenyakatho. Zombini izinto ziyi-toxins, ngoko inyama ye-shark ayinayo nje into enyanyekayo, kodwa ingakhokelela ekutyeni -tyhefu-phantsi kwesenzo sesantya sesisu, i-trimethylamine oxide iguqulwa ibe yi-trimethylamine, ebangela umphumo wotywala. I-vestile ye-urinary ayikho kwi-shark, ngoko ke iimveliso zomsebenzi obalulekileyo zichithwa ngesikhumba.

Ezi zilwanyana ziyaziwa ngokukhululeka kwazo kunye nokunyaniseka. Isantya sokunyakaza kwayo simangalisa kakhulu-kungekho enye ikhilomitha ngeyure. Oku kubangelwa kukuba, ukuhlala emanzini abandayo, ininzi yamandla edolophana kufuneka ichithe ukutshisa umzimba wayo. I-Greenland i-Polar Shark yisilwanyana esihlala ixesha elide phakathi kwabameli belizwe lezilwanyana. Njengoko kuqinisekiswe, ixesha lokuphila lobomi lifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-500.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla

Ubungakanani obukhulu, ukuhamba kweqondo eliphantsi kunye nomlomo omncinci we-Selaxia kuyichaphazela kakhulu into efunyanwa yi-sharks polar sharks. Ucotha kakhulu, uyayilumkisa kwaye mhlawumbi uyayesaba, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo ubukela izilonda zokulala, ezigulayo okanye ezibuthathaka kwaye, ngoko, uzizingela. Ukutya okuphambili kubandakanya udoti, i-carrion kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezifana nekhodi, i- ecoder, i-sea bass, i-octopus, i-crab, i-squid, i-stingray. Kwizisu zala maxhoba, i-jellyfish, i-algae, iinqwelo zeebhere kunye neebhere. Ukuvumba kwenyama ebolayo kubhenkotha i-Greenland sharks, ngoko kuya kufumaneka kufutshane neenqanawa zokuloba.

Ukuzaliswa

Eli xesha liwela ekupheleni konyaka. I-Celaxia ibhekisela kwizilwanyana eziphilayo zeqanda-ivelisa amaqanda anqatshelwe ubukhulu bebhoksi ye-shell e-8 cm ngaphakathi. Ngelinye ilitha, i-Greenland shark ivelisa kwiibhite ezili-12 ngobukhulu ubuncinane be-90 cm. Abafazi bafumana amandla okuzala xa befikelela kwiminyaka eyi-150 ubudala, ubude babo ngelo xesha buyi-4.5 m, kwindoda engaphantsi kwe-3 m.

Ukusebenzisana nomntu

I-polar (okanye intloko ye-bowhead) i-shark iyi-predator. Akukho mntu ozingelayo, intshaba kuphela yindoda. Ezi ngqatshu zinto yokuloba ngenxa yesibindi, abantu abazisebenzisayo ukufumana i-fat fat egcwele iivithamini. I-Greenland polar shark inikwe isimo "Sondela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo". Olu hlobo lubonwa ngokukhawuleza kwimibutho yokusingqongileyo, kuba ubuninzi beentlanzi ziyancipha minyaka yonke ngenxa yokuba ziyinxalenye yokunciphisa ukuzala.

Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, inyama eluhlaza ukusuka kwidolophana inetyhefu, ngenxa yemxholo ophezulu we-urea kunye ne-TMAO. Kodwa abantu basekuhlaleni bafunda indlela yokuyiphatha ngayo ukutya kunye nokutya izilwanyana-ukugaya nokubilisa kwenza i-toxins idibeneyo. Abantu base-Iceland, beyinzala yeVikings ezizukileyo, balungiselela kuyo i-hakarl yesiqhelo yendabuko. Imveliso yeshaka namhlanje iyenziwa kwamanye amazwe. Kuyi-phlegmatic kwaye ayiyiyo ingqongqo. Okumangalisa kukuba, into enje, ebanjwe kwinethiwekhi, iziphatha kakuhle. Abanye abalobi babecinga ukuba abahlali baselwandle bazinambuzane - ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezinto kunye nokutshabalalisa intlanzi.

Ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi ze-polar kubantu abanqabile kakhulu, kuba kwiindawo ezibandayo apho bahlala khona, ithuba lokuhlangana lincinci kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ityala liyaziwa xa i-shark polar shark yaba isizathu sokuba iqela labafundi limele liphakame emanzini.

Inyaniso

Okwangoku, ngokutsho kwezifundo ezininzi, kwaziwa ukuba i-Greenland polar shark yindawo edala kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuseka le nyaniso, izazinzulu zazifuneka zenze imizamo eninzi. Inyaniso kukuba ezininzi zeendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuseka iminyaka yezilwanyana azisebenzi kwihaki ye-polar. Ayenzi uhla lwe calcium carbonate ezindlebeni, ezibonisa ubuninzi beentlanzi ezininzi; I-vertebrae yedolophana ithambileyo, njengeparafini, engakuvumeli ukuba ufumane ixesha lokuphila ngokukhula kweendandatho ze-vertebral.

Ubudala beehaar polar bekunqunywe ngama-proteins ephakathi kwentsimbi yesiso. Ikhula kulo lonke ubomi, kwaye iiprotheni zayo zenziwa kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwamanzi. Uhlalutyo lwe-Radiocarbon lwenze ukuba kube lula ukucacisa ixesha lokuphila kwabo ngokwemiqathango ye-isotope ye-carbon-14, okwenzekayo emva kokuvavanywa kweebhomu ze-athomu. Enye yeentlanzi ezifundwa yiingcali zaziyiminyaka engama-392 ubudala. Ukuqwalasela impazamo ye-radiocarbon yokuphanda, kuqinisekiswe ukuba iifowuni ze-polar zingaphila ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-500. Eli lide lichazwe ngento yokuba zonke iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo kumanzi abandayo zilibaziseka ngakumbi kunezo zabameli abathanda ukushisa.