Le yobudala yomhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya ngowe-2014. Le yobudala yomhlala kwabasetyhini kunye nabantwana abaninzi baseRashiya

Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi abaselula musa ukucinga ngezinto nabo balindelwe ngomso, yintoni utshintsho baya kuva, yintoni na isizathu. Age yaziwa ukuba ndamgqibela amagama ayo. Yaye simele sibe nombulelo ngenxa amabali ababezalelwe kwixesha apho bonke eyabelwe nayiphi pension, ekubeni ezinye kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo andizange ndikucinge acinge. Abantu abaphila bafa yindlala. Urhulumente akazange abakhusele nangayiphi na indlela. Uninzi abadinga inkxaso lwabafazi. Kwaye ngoku meko hayi itshintshe. Namhlanje, umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya iminyaka emashumi mahlanu anesihlanu. Njengenxenye wonke kusekwangoko kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa 2013 yaba efanayo. Oku akothusi. Uye ayitshintshanga eminyaka.

imbali umhlala

Ngaphambili, akukho mntu wacinga ukwenza wenze naziphi na iintlawulo kubantu bafikelele kwiminyaka ethile ngayo. Ukuba sithi ongamhloneleyo ebudaleni, kodwa ingqondo ukukhupha ubuncwane ayizange ibonwe. Ngaphezu koko, le imbambano azixoxwa konke konke. Kwaye abantu bafa ekuseni kakhulu. Zenene xesha, indlala, ubuhlwempu kunye nomonakalo wenza isenzo emdaka.

An imeko ehlukileyo waqala ukuthatha imilo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba emva kwexesha. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala yokuvuselelwa yomhlalaphantsi kwenzeka phantsi Otto von Bismarck, owenza ngelo xesha ngokwenene revolution embalini. Ngoko ke, wavelisa iintlawulo ezinyanzelekileyo ngabemi ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala engamashumi asixhenxe. Kakade ke, ngabo imigangatho, bambalwa waphila de umhlala-phantsi, kodwa into yokuba kuphuculo wadala furore. Ngapha koko, emva kwethutyana umda ubudala lancipha kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu anesihlanu ubudala ukunyanzelisa ngayo nemibutho yabasebenzi.

iimpawu umhlala

Okokuqala, kuba yintlawulo yenyanga, abo baqeshwa kuphela kwabo baye bafikelela kwiminyaka ethile, kodwa kumaqela abuthathaka ngokwentlalo, ezifana okhubazekileyo okanye abangaqeshwanga. Kwaye oku kubalulekile. Yiloo nto ke inkalo ephambili ye pension akukho mda ubudala, ezizezi ukunqongophala ukhuseleko loluntu. Ngoko urhulumente enceda abemi bazo ukuba babe ngokupheleleyo ngeenyawo zakhe, ufumane ezinye izibonelelo eziphathekayo, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo, ukuba zinemali eziphuhlileyo ngakumbi. Intlawulo yale mali iboniswa yonyango ilizwe abantu babo. Kwaye ngaphantsi kweminyaka (ukuba ubuncinane iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi efanayo kwabasetyhini kunye nabantwana abaninzi baseRashiya - ngowe-2014 eneminyaka engama-55 ubudala) uthi urhulumente akaboni abemi kwayo kwaye uzama ngandlela zonke ukuba banike yonke into eyimfuneko, kungakhathaliseki ulutsha isihlobo .

Imeko emhlabeni

Ukususela ngelo xesha, xa Otto von Bismarck wagqiba ukwenza iintlawulo kubantu abathe ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala engama asixhenxe, kwathabatha ixesha elininzi. Kule minyaka, uluntu kuye wazi ukuba ipension umele ubukelwe abo sele yalupheleyo, akakwazi ukusebenza. It is a uhlobo uviko. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRussia asezantsi kakhulu kunaleyo yamanani yehlabathi. Amahlanu anesihlanu - umzobo ingaguqukanga, nto leyo iye yaziswa kwi-USSR. Ayizange zatshintsha. Ezithile zangaphambili republic eSoviet zindilungisile olu phawu ngokusekelwe izinto zabo, kodwa eRashiya, nto leyo ezihlangwini engundoqo yomthetho yamagunya amakhulu, eshiya ukuba amalungu azo besini bubuhle.

Kwaye bona?

Namhlanje, uninzi lwamazwe kubantu ehlabathini umhlala-phantsi kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu anesihlanu. Kukho States esele sicinga ngendlela ukwandisa kakhulu la manani. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States izicwangciso xha umhla release kubemi amadoda namabhinqa ukuba baphumle obungasifanelanga eminye iminyaka emi-5. izinto ngcono eYurophu. Ngenxa yoko, eJamani kwixa elizayo sihlelwe ekukhuliseni bar ukuya iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko oko akuthethi ukuba abantu abafuna ngenene ukusebenza kwaye imali, nayiphi ndlongo. Noko ke, kuyacaca ifanelwe intlonelo ukuba umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya, kuba likuvumela ukuba wasebenzisa ukuhlawulelwa, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba ukwaluphala.

Tshintsha iyeza!

Okwangoku, ubudala umntu Ndiyahamba pension eRashiya nto amathandathu amadoda amahlanu anesihlanu amabhinqa, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla. Ukuba sithelekisa la manani kunye nokwenza ngamazwe, abakhaya bethu baya eholideyini ngokwenene eselula. Ngokomzekelo, kanye ngoku abemi eSpeyin, eJamani, Iceland kunye Norway aqhubeke kakuhle umsebenzi wakhe kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu anesixhenxe, ngexesha elifanayo kula mazwe kukho phantse kungabikho kwahlukahlukana njalo-ebizwa gender-based, oko kukuthi ukuba uthabathe umhlala-phantsi xa ubudala banikwa kungaba njengabameli kwisiqingatha olomeleleyo lobuntu, ngokunjalo oosisi.

Inkqubo entsha

Kodwa izinto zitshintsha! Ingakumbi, inkqubo yakutshanje yomhlala Russian kuya kusebenza kwangoko amawaka amabini ngonyaka weshumi elinesihlanu. Ngokutsho kuphuculo, wazisa ekuthiwa-isakhiwo inqaku, oko kukuthi, ngonyaka ngamnye yomsebenzi olusemthethweni umhlala elizayo iza kongezeleka kwezinye iindawo, ngokusekelwe leyo iya kubalwa yesibonelelo ngenyanga.

Lo mgaqo kulula ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukubala kunye nokubulawa njengokuba yokuhlala lokugqibela yenziwa ngenxa imisebenzi elula zezibalo. Kule komhlaba kufuneka ihlangabezane ukuzaliseka ubulungisa kwezentlalo. Vuma, abantu abaninzi ebomini bakho ukusebenza, kokukhona imali iintlawulo kufuneka ibe ngenxa kwixesha elizayo. Ngaphezu koko, abo amaninzi kunye namanani oluntu sele athathe ukuxhasa ingcamango ezintsha. Practice ubonisa ukuba ukulingana kwezentlalo zingafezekiswa kuphela xa kukho Billing ngokwaneleyo. Kwaye umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya oku awungeni ndawo.

Phezu koomama abaneentsapho ezinkulu bathi igama!

Kodwa ke kufuneka ungalibali abo banyamekela malunga nekamva kwilizwe lethu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oomama umhlalaphantsi lingekafiki iintsapho ezinkulu amanqaku ngomnyaka weshumi elinesine amawaka amabini kuba ngonyaka wamashumi amathathu wesithathu yobukho. Makhe nisinga imbali yale meko kuluntu lwethu. Emva kweminyaka yobudala yomhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya yahlukile yoomama ezininzi.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala uthe inkqubo owaziswa ngamahlanu kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, yaye ilungiselelwe abafazi abaye bakhulisa abantwana ngaphezu ezintlanu okanye umntwana ukhubazekile. Ngelo xesha kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze ebomini bakhe iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu (ewonke). Le nzuzo yaqaliswa ngamaxesha yiSoviet kwezinye mimiselo. Okwangoku, ndingumfazi nzuzo kunzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ngokukodwa, uhlelo yangoku isenzo somthetho olumisiweyo oye abeke phambili iimeko ezine ezifunekayo ummi afike kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, unelungelo lokuba intlawulo babe oomama nabantwana abaninzi abaye uwagqibile amashumi amahlanu abaye basebenza ewonke iminyaka engaphezu kwama-15 (eli xesha kufuneka singene omkhulu), wazala yaye bakhulisa abantwana 5 ngaphezu kweminyaka 8.

bokuqonda

Ukuba umama wabantwana abaninzi bekhula bonke abantwana ukuya kuma kwiminyaka esibhozo abazange babe nexesha, ngoxa ayinamsebenzi ukuba zeziphi izizathu, ngoko ke asikwazi nokuba bathembele izibonelelo ezithile kunye umhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha. Ngelo xesha, ukuba umfazi evinjwa amalungelo lwabazali emva kokufumana ezo ntlawulo, uya kuqhubeka ukuzamkela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abantwana obagcinileyo nazo zithathelwa ingqalelo, ubudala bomntwana awungeni ndawo. Qaphela kwakhona ukuba abantwana kwanjalo liyazi iqabane pension benefit, kananjalo kuphela kwimeko wokwamkelwa.

Okunye okuphawulekayo kukuba xa unina uhlala kunye nenzala yabo indawo yokuhlala eyahlukileyo, oko akukho umqobo yokuqeshwa yomfazi umhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha. Yintoni enokuthethwa ukuhluthwa amalungelo lobuzali. Kulo mzekelo, umfazi anqunyulwe onke amalungelo kunye iingenelo phezu kwezinye kwaye iya babephumle kumsebenzi qho eqhelekileyo.

imiba eziyingxaki

Nangona yokuba ngokubanzi njengofanelwe yintlonelo le nkqubo, amanye amanani zoluntu nabezopolitiko nga pfumelelani na imeko yangoku yemicimbi kweli lizwe. Bakholelwa ukuba zonke iinguqulelo ngokubanzi, kwaye umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya, ingakumbi, ukujikelezisa iintshukumisa parasitical kakhulu apho, njengokuba sisazi, akukho nto intle wakha umphumela.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, njengokuba kuye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabonisa, imali iintlawulo kubantu abathe bagqiba ekubeni umhlala, zenziwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Leyo yinxalenye enkulu yabantu enokuba kuba nemveliso, ngokungathi kunjalo, ukuze inzuzo karhulumente, wamkela imali yomhlala phantsi. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba akukho nto ukukhuthaza abantu, kodwa koko, yenza kube ngokukhawuleza ukuze ndiwugqibe umsebenzi wakhe umhlala.

Njengoko kwabasetyhini ...

Kakade ke, lo umahluko ukuqeshwa kunye nokuhlawula pension, kwakunye ubudala xa umntu ngokukhuselekileyo ushiye eholideyini, kukho unxibelelwano. Ezinye lwezazi Bathi e kulo mzekelo, kukho ukungalingani ngokwesini, njengoko apho abantu baye umhlala kamva, nangona ixesha labo ubomi ngaphantsi kakhulu.

Noko ke, umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya ngowe-2014, kwiminyaka emihlanu kuphela ngaphantsi koko abameli kwisiqingatha olomeleleyo yoluntu. Kufuneka kwakhona wakhumbula ukuba uninzi amanenekazi uxakeke kakhulu ekukhuliseni abantwana kwamakhaya bonke ubomi bakhe abadala. Noko ke, eli gama engafakwanga ngubani omkhulu. Kubonakala ukuba umgaqo ubulungisa kwezentlalo kulo mzekelo iyathotyelwa.

Mhlawumbi, umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa iRashiya iye yatshintsha ukususela 2015, kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho mntu olindele, kunye nemithetho echaphazelekayo ayisekho okwangoku. Social ubulungisa, nto leyo ke abantu belinde ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, uyabonakala. Kwaye oku kubalulekile. Kucingwa ukuba umhlala-phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya ngowe-2014, ngaphezu elungileyo neyaneleyo.

Ngasese emhlabeni wonke ...

Ke izinto zehlabathi ngokuphathelele ukunyuka okukhulu yobudala yomhlala-phantsi kunye "egalitarianism" iyonke amadoda namabhinqa, kukuwe kwilizwe ngalinye ngamnye. Sekunjalo, oko kukuthi, eSoviet Union kwakunzima enobuntu ngokunxulumene abemi bayo, ingakumbi amabhinqa.

Hi ndlela leyi, kuphuculo pension, nto leyo ngokupheleleyo ukutshintsha into, akukho waphawula. Mhlawumbi, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuhlaziya umhlala-phantsi ngenxa abafazi kunye nabantwana abaninzi baseRashiya nokunciphisa ngayo. Namhlanje, Noko ke, kusekho ihlala kuphela kumaphepha eyilwayo okwangoku yamkelwa ngokusesikweni.

Kodwa ukwanda yobudala yomhlala phantsi amabhinqa eRashiya ukuya kwiminyaka 60 - eli themba ngendlela engacacanga, apho, ngokutsho kwabantu, mhlawumbi akayi kuzaliseka, kuba uluntu alikafiki ilungele iingxaki ezinjalo.

isishwankathelo

Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwe pension yabasebenzi ukuqonda intlawulo yemali yenyanga ukuba bavale yonke imivuzo inshorensi kunye nezinye iintlawulo okanye iimali ziye ukuba ngokwenene kusini na ngokunxulumene nokufika yokukhubazeka ngenxa yokukhubazeka okanye ukwaluphala. Le ngcamango.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izibonelelo zemali kwintlawulo yomhlala mali yepenshini, njengokuba umthetho, kungenxa igalelo inshorensi ebizwa njalo-eyenziwe ngabaqeshi. Hi ndlela leyi, izinga insurance premium ngokuqhelekileyo iquka iinxalenye ngamnye kunye namalunga.

Phantsi yabasebenzi endala-iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi ngokuqhelekileyo luchazwa intlawulo yemali yenyanga ukuba eyabelwe kwabo abemi eziye zaphetha umda yobudala ngokomthetho kwaye babe namava omsebenzi ayimfuneko. izixa ezinjalo uya kuqeshwa ukuze abuyekeze abemi umvuzo okanye enye ingeniso efanayo, abasamkelayo kwisithuba somsebenzi. Ngoko ke, amahlanu anesihlanu - ubudala yomhlalaphantsi eRashiya amabhinqa. 2015 amenzele eminye utshintsho. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akukho namnye kodwa andikwazi ukuthetha.