Ukuveliswa "Zhigulevsky" ibhiya: isakhiwo kunye nengxelo. "Zhiguli" Beers: iresipi, iimbono kunye nohlolo

Zhiguli umqombothi bembonakalo yayo unyanzelekile ndihlwempuzeke Austrian eyahamba. Phakathi kwinkulungwane XVIII filipp Vakano waququzelela utshwala encinane Samara.

Nyana Albert wakwazi ukuba inkampani kayise kwinqanaba sezingeni eliphezulu kwaye uqale ngobuninzi othululwayo. yakhiwa isityalo, kwaye inkampani baqalisa ukuthwala igama "Association Zhigulevsky Vakano malting izityalo & Co".

Vakano Factory kwenziwa amawaka 75. Zhigulevskogo emele zebhiya ngo-1881. Ngexa iSixeko asikabi nayo nayiphi na umbane, nto leyo eveliswa izityalo ngamandla, yiba Vakano yayakhiwe ngqo iimfuno kwimveliso.

Le mbasa yokuqala

I imbasa yokuqala esi sityalo ngo-1896, abathatha inxaxheba kulo mboniso mveliso All-Russian. Yaba imbasa yegolide. Okwesibini - amabhaso mboniso ngamazwe, yaye ngakumbi yawa ngathi uphondo yendyebo.

Beer kabini kuphawulwe eLondon, ngokunjalo eRoma kunye Paris. Ngo-1914, xa elunxwemeni utshwala bahlanganisana iimbasa zegolide 15. Ngexesha le imveliso sele nxiba umsinga kwizixeko 59 besivalelwe izitora, kwaye utywala yaveliswa phantsi amagama brand:

• "Thumela";
• "Vienna";
• "Wohlobo";
• "Zhiguli";
• "I-March";
• "Ngesandla".

Kwenzeka ntoni kwisityalo ngexesha lemfazwe

Noko ke, leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi e Vakano wathabatha 90% kwisityalo phantsi emkhosini, nangona into yokuba eli lizwe eqeshwe engama-99, yaye ulwakhiwo wenziwe ngeendleko kwemali zobuqu Vakano kunye nabo banezabelo. Xa oku yaziswa ukuvalwa.

Ngelo wasemsebenzini izityalo livulekile, siye saqalisa ukuvelisa ebhedini iziqhushumbisi. Albert Vakano okuvunyelwe i-10% ye isityalo ukuvelisa iziselo ephantsi utywala kunye izidanga ezinesiqingatha inqaba.

Vakano waqala usela utywala eliphantsi "Ubusi Boyarsky".

Emva kwemfazwe, Albert baphinda mveliso zabo, elasekwa imarike utywala, ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukwandisa imithamo imveliso, ngoxa ngowe-1929 kwakungekho majeure amandla. Le nkampani ocande ilifa karhulumente kwaye sele kuthiwa "State Zhiguli weAluminiyam."

Like beer "Vienna" yaba "Zhiguli"

Ngowe-1934, Anastas Mikoyan watyelela le mveliso. Yena izihloko yoohlohlesakhe wacaphuka asele wawisa umthetho ukuthiya ngokutsha zonke kuluhlu ekhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, le beer "Vienna" yaba "Zhiguli".

Ngamaxesha Soviet kwathiwa igama Samara nesixeko wafumana igama Kuibyshev. Ngako oko, isityalo nalo elinye igama.

Ngowe-1936, i "Utywala Zhiguli" kwathiwa kakhulu kukhuphiswano yeSizwe, kwaye kwacetyiswa ukuba ukuvelisa yonke indawo eSoviet Union.

Emva koko, le beer wathengisa ngayo kwimarike yiSoviet, waqala ukuba athengise ayivalele ezitratweni - in imiphanda, imivalo - on itephu. "Zhiguli" ibhiya agalelwa engqayini ilitha ezintathu. Ngokufuthi ungabona umfanekiso indlela abasebenzi yiSoviet ngokuhlwa nakwiintendelezo ukusela utywala ngqo kwibhotile yeglasi sentlanzi esomileyo eyiva, leyo nyulu kwi kwiphephandaba "Trud".

Ukuvela kwemigangatho karhulumente

Emva kokuba imfazwe zeza zonke-Union standard - GOST 3473-46. Ngenxa ngokuwa eSoviet Union kuba wophawu "Zhiguli" waqalisa nezomthetho.

Okokuqala, ngo-1992, i-logo ye-Samara yabhaliswa "ibhiya Zhiguli." Kungekudala emva koko, lo mbutho ubefuna izityalo 80, nto leyo waqhubeka ukuvelisa utywala phantsi kwegama "Zhiguli". Samara lidla kubeka phambili - ukuba ahlawule inzala kwentengiso lophawu okanye kuphela imveliso "Zhigulevsky" ibhiya. Ezinye abavelisi ziqalise ukulwela amalungelo abo.

Umzabalazo ukuba brand

Ngoxa sasithatha iimvavanyo, abenzi abaninzi baqala ukusebenzisa namacebo ukutshintsha igama abalinganiswa 1-2, kodwa uqokele "Loo nto ke beer."

17.05.2000, inkundla irhoxisiwe ilungelo kokubhaliswa kophawu bonke abenzi, ngoko ke unako ukufumana isiselo ebizwa i "Zhiguli ibhiya Samara". Ngenxa yoko, abanye abenzi ungasebenzisa umzi wabo ngegama.

Ingaba yimalini ibhiya Zhiguli namhlanje? Ixabiso avareji isusela ukusuka engange-35 ukuya 55.

zokupheka

Indlela "Zhigulevsky" ibhiya angaba elula okanye iteknoloji ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Le tywala iqulethe 11% amandla nakwisiselo incasa wobulali.

Kuba imveliso kuya kufuneka i-avareji imibala Zhiguli lwemithombo kunye ingqolowa unmalted iimveliso ukuya kwi-15%: nerhasi nakhandiweyo, libya-fat nomgubo. Xa usebenzisa amalungiselelo enzyme - ukuya kutsho kuma-50%.

iluhlaza Mashing kwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke izinto ezithile.

Kukho ezahlukeneyo eziliqela. Inkqubo Mashing nge-15% ibhali unmalted:

1. I-tun ngumash kugalela amanzi lobushushu-54 ° C.

2. Gquma nerhasi eyaphukileyo, imithombo.

3. Konke oku kugcinwa imizuzu eli-15.

4. Mash ukudluliswa ubunzima kwi kwibhoyila ngumash.

5. Ubushushu 70 ° C.

6. ukumelana imizuzu-10.

7. Zisa kwethumba, ngoko ikuphekwa iphekwe ukuba imizuzu engama-40.

Intsalela imithombo triturated 52 ° C. Kufuneka ukuqhagamshela iinxalenye ezimbini. Isiphumo esinobunzima ngumash kokuba lobushushu 62-63 ° C, apho lo mxube kufuneka ume kangangesiqingatha seyure phambi kokuba saccharification bestatshi.

Ukususela mass kubangele ukuba 1/3 osula, idluliselwa kwibhoyila ngumash. Kukho kwaziswa ithumba uze upheke imizuzu eli-10 ngaphezulu.

Ubunzima engumphumela idityaniswe tun ngumash kunye nemali yonke kwingxinano kwaye igcinwe kude saccharification ngokupheleleyo kwi 73-75 ° C.

Ucoco ukwenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo.

Isethi Wort lwenzeka xa uyazikhomba 9,5-9,6%.

Emva koko, lo Wort leyo ebilisiweyo galo iyure 2. YeHops zongezwa ngeeyure 2-3, 18-22 g, 2-3 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, ama-75% galo zibekwe ekupheleni - 29% enye ithumba ilixa, yaye-5% - isiqingatha seyure emva abilayo.

Igwele esetyenziselwa ibile umyinge we-0,5 l igwele ubunzima Iilitha 100 Wort nganye. Ibile kwenzeka iintsuku ezisixhenxe xa t alithe gangqa 8 ° C.

ibhiya Zhiguli: iresiphi №2

Enye iresiphi for ekhaya "Zhigulevsky" ibhiya:

1. I nomgqomo 20 l fill net yamanzi abandayo. entwasahlobo Desirably.
2. Dibanisa isiqingatha emele imithombo yerhasi; ukushiye kangangeeyure esi-12.
3. Emva kweeyure ezili-12, ugalele zonke embizeni, dibanisa 10 iigrem ityuwa, babeka phezu komlilo. Uphekele 2 h.
4. Ekupheleni isiqingatha ngemini ukongeza iikomityi 6 galo kunye uphekele omnye imizuzu-25, uze ususe ebushushwini.
5. Strain ibhiya eshushu kwiiseli ezininzi cheesecloth, uwaphalazele saliphosa wompu, ukuvumela ukuba aphole.
6. In lwehle utywala ukongeza ml 300 nagwele ihlanjululwa. Zivuse ze uyishiye imini.
7. Ukulungele athele ulwelo kwisikhongozeli (ibhotile) yaye, ngaphandle yokuvala emlonyeni, makhe sime imini.
8. Ngaphezu koko, le ibhotile leyo itywiniweyo kunye ezineziciko nekhefu olunye usuku. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ibhiya ukulungele kwaye kunokuba enxilile.

Uyakwazi lenze enye iresiphi utywala ekhaya ngaphandle ukuhluza kunye pasteurization. Umqombothi kakhulu - ibhiya eyenziwe ekhaya. Ekhaya nomnikelo na incasa ngakumbi ngokupheleleyo-eyomeleleyo, amagwebu zamafu.

Ukupheka utywala ekhaya mfuneko izinto 4 kuphela:

• mithombo;
• okuze;
• galo;
• amanzi.

Le ndlela kulungile kuba akuyomfuneko ukuba athenge okanye wenze i mini-utshwala kuye. Beer ukwenziwa a enamelware eqhelekileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba le ndlu kwafunyaniswa pan ngokomthamo iilitha ezingama-40 kunye nobungakanani elikhulu ukwetyisa. Abanye kuthengiswa evenkileni ngexabiso elifikelelekayo.

Beer kuya kufuneka:

• 28 eelitha zamanzi;
• 45 g alfakislotnosti ngcileza kwi 4.5%;
• 3 kg lwemithombo yerhasi;
• 25 g Igwele yomenzi-sicelo;
• 8 grams iswekile selitha zebhiya nganye.

izixhobo:

• imbiza enameled enkulu nokubilisa Wort (20-40 iilitha);
• umthamo fermentative;
• sikali;
• iibhotile, nto leyo eza ayivalele yaphela beer;
• Abicah umbhobho;
• ayibeke apho ezaliswe ngamanzi abandayo uzipholisa le Wort;
• a iimitha ezimbalwa igozi;
• iodine;
• plate emhlophe;
• hydrometer.

Ukulungiselela: izinto kunye izandla phambi zokupheka, kufuneka zicocwe kakuhle. Kungenjalo, kunokuba yotywala ungafumana Utywala ekhaya-eyenziwe.

Loluphi uhlobo amanzi? Yintoni le nkqubo?

Amanzi iya kuxhomekeka incasa kunye nomgangatho lwawo. Kubhetele ukuba ukusebenzisa amanzi emthonjeni okanye zesiselo. Ukuba usebenzisa amanzi etephini, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba coca ulwelo ngaphandle kwaye inike okuqinileyo. Ezinye yodaka musa ukuchukumisa.

Makubekwe isiqingatha seyure phambi kokuba ukongeza Igwele yamazimba ukuya Wort isidingo sabo ukwandisa ngamanzi ashushu.

Inqanaba elilandelayo - mashing. Mashing yinkqubo wokuxuba imithombo otyunyuziweyo ngamanzi ashushu, apho starch into wohlukana maltose (iswekile) kunye dextrins. Thenga ukulungele ngcono, imithombo batyumke. Oku kuya konga ixesha elininzi. Ukuba usafuna ukuba ukwahlula ngokwakho, musa uzibandakanye, ndalisila it up kurhulumente yomgubo. Kwanele ukuba usile ingqolowa ibe ziingceba 4-6. Oku kwenziwa ngesandla kwaye ngokusebenzisa grinder inyama.

Imbiza wayesebenzisa kufuneka ugalele amanzi kunye ebilandelwa ukuba degrees 80. Nangona amanzi abilayo, kufuneka wenze ibhegi igozi ngokwemaleko 3-4, leyo kugalela imithombo kunye neqhina. umxube isongiwe kwehliswa emanzini ashushu 80. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ngoko athe lihluzwe, ekubeni izixhobo ezizodwa ukuphisa esinayo, kwaye umqombothi eyayivutyelwa ekhaya.

Emva ebhaptiza imithombo epanini emanzini alekwe le chap, umlilo kunciphisa ukuba ekugqibeleni ukufikelela lobushushu rhoqo degrees 61-70. Kule meko, imithombo untshwenyile seyure.

Emva kwemizuzu 90, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuzo athabathe 5 iigrem ngumash, agalele ipleyiti kunye makongeze amathontsi ambalwa ayodini. Ukuba umbala Ijika luhlaza, kufuneka uqhubeke ibila kwi abile eminye imizuzu eli-15. Ukuba umbala ayikatshintshi - i Wort ulungele.

Emva kokuba izigqibo ukulungela (iodine ayizange ukutshintsha umbala), kufuneka zibekho ubushushu ukuya Wort itshiswa ukuba degrees 80, uyipheke ukuba imizuzu emi-5 ngaphezulu. Oku kuza kuyeka igwele. Ngoko ingxowa igozi uyaphuma nowezojiweyo ngepani, imithombo wahlanjwa kunye neelitha ezimbini zamanzi ashushu. Imithombo zihlelwe engasekho kuyimfuneko, kwaye amanzi wona ihlanjwe, wongezelela ukuya Wort, ebezikuyo iziqulatho lashushu abilayo. Xa Wort yamathumba, kufuneka sidibanise 15 g galo uze uqhubeke abilayo. Emva kwesiqingatha seyure kufuneka kongezwe elinye-15 iigrem galo kunye uphekele imizuzu engama-40, emva koko i-15 g izoqhubeka omnye imizuzu engama-20.

Emva koku ipani off ubushushu kwaye antywiliselwe emanzini amanzi ngumkhenkce. Kumele ukuba luthando ku degrees 24 imizuzu eli-15. Luthando imixholo agalelwa isikhongozeli ngenxa yokubola, igwele ifakiweyo, nakufuphi iintsuku 7-10 sizibandakanye kwindawo emnyama.

Emva koko Umphanda ngumash ukuze ezibhotileni. Ngqo ngaphakathi etankini, ukuba ilitha, Walekelwa 8 g leswekile, umqombothi obuphalazelwe (ekukhethwa ukuba enze oko nge ityhubhu ukuya Wort kancinci kangangoko adibane kunye emoyeni ize ifakwe kwi emazantsi umphanda abazange buhlungu nagwele). Emva koko, ibhotile ngokuqinileyo etywiniweyo, idluliselwa ebumnyameni, kodwa indawo efudumeleyo (20-24 degrees) ulibale ngayo iintsuku ezingama-20, behlunguzela veki nganye. Emva kwexesha elibekiweyo yotywala watshintshelwa kwi kwisiqandisi. Beer "Zhiguli ukukhanya" ukulungele ukuba adle. Kodwa ke ukuba aya kuma efrijini iintsuku ezingama-30, ngoko ke incasa iya kuba umdla kakhulu ngakumbi.

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Yintoni na le abagwebi, xa bathe basela Samara okanye beer ekhaya "Zhiguli"? Ukuphonononga kwi Internet 99% HIV, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iziselo okumnandi ngokwenene. Iingcali zebhiya nje ngemincili sithethe ukuba Syme ubukrakra baziva xa esetyenziswa ngamaxesha akude Soviet.

Namhlanje le gorichnku akakwazi ukubamba yonke beer ukuba unalo igama ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kodwa kuphela abenzi ethile kwimveliso.