Ukutyala impahla yezambatho

Okwangoku, kukho ezininzi iintlobo ezintle zezityalo zamazambane amaxesha ahlukeneyo wokuvuthwa: ekuqaleni, ekuqaleni, phakathi kwexesha lokuvuthwa, ngokukhawuleza. Iindidi ezihlukeneyo zinempawu ezikhulayo, iimpawu ezintle kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo. Kodwa ukuze ulondoloze iipropati ezizodwa zeengcambu zezityalo kwaye ufumane isivuno esihle kakhulu, kufuneka uvelise imveliso esemgangathweni.

Ukulungiselela iMali yeMbewu

Iqala ekwindla xa kuvunwa izilimo eziyi-tuber. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela kwangaphambili ukuba izixhobo ezilungiselelwe zihlambulukile ukungcola komatshini kunye nokungcola, kwaye izilimo eziyizigaxa zomama zisuswe ngokupheleleyo. Izinto zokutyala zimele zikhululeke kwimonakalo yomzimba kunye neendawo eziphosakeleyo, kwaye iifubers kufuneka zikhethwe ngosayizi - encinci kakhulu okanye zinkulu kakhulu ukutyala akufaneleki.

Ezinye iifama ziqhekeza iiperati ezinkulu kwiipatato kwiindawo eziliqela ukufumana imbewu eninzi. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezivelisa kakhulu le ndlela azikwazi ukucetyiswa. Umngcipheko wokungcola kwenkcubeko kunye neentsholongwane ze-bacterial, fungal kunye ne-virus. Emva koko zikhokelela ekulahlekeni kwetyala zezityalo - ukuya kuma-80%.

Utyando lweMichiza kwizinambuzane

Ukukhupha iimveliso zezityalo zamazambane ziza kuba zingasebenzi ngaphandle kokonyango lweekhemikhali kunye namalungiselelo akhethekileyo. Iibhubesi aziyi kubanika isivuno esikhulu xa zibethelwa zizifo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane. Izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo ezisusela kwi-tiabendazole kunye ne-imidazole.

Izinto zokutshala zezona zinto zinokuthi zitshale ngaphambi kokutyala zikhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nama-antifungal agents. Kucelwa ingqalelo ehlukeneyo ukukhusela imbewu yezambatho kwii-virus. Kuqhelekileyo ukucoca izibilini ezinambuzane, eziqala ukukhusela izityalo ezincinane sele sele zihluma. Ukumisa kwakhona kusebenza ngokubhekiselele kwi-beetle yase-Colorado kunye ne-aphid.

Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziphilayo

Izinto zokutshala amazambane ngokuqhelekileyo zikhula malunga neentsuku ezingama-20-40 emva kokufakwa emhlabathini. Isantya sokuhluma kwaye, ngoko ke, ixesha lokuvuna lichaphazelekayo ngokobunikazi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo (iintlobo zakuqala zihamba ngokukhawuleza), kunye nefuthe kwii-tubers zokulungiselela amalungiselelo e-biological. Zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ixesha lokutsalwa kwezityalo ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine.

Umgaqo wokuqeqesha i-biological ukunyanzelisa izilimo ezinobuncwane ukuba zivuswe ekuphumeni kwexesha kwaye zenze ihluma ezinempilo. Iinjongo eziphambili ze-biological preparation plan zi:

• Ukufumana inani elifanelekileyo leentsholongwane;
• Ukukhawuleza ukuhluma kwezityalo;
• Ukubonelela kokuvuna kwangaphambili kunye nobukhulu obukhulu be-tuber;
• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yizilwanyana kunye nezifo zentsholongwane.

Ukucoca izilimo

Le nkqubo ihlala ixhomekeke kwiimbewu kunye nezinto zokutyala. I-distillation ikuvumela ukuba "uvuke" izilimo eziyizigaxa kwaye wenze amahlumela enempilo. Ubungakanani bexesha lwenkqubo kwiqondo elifanelekileyo le-8-10 ° C livela kwiiveki ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Inkqubo ayifuni naluphi na izixhobo ezizodwa kwaye inokuphunyezwa ngeendleko ezincinci, kwimeko yezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinamandla. I-distillation isetyenziswe kuyo yonke imigca yokutsalwa kwamazambane.

Inketho yokuqala kukubeka izinto phantsi kokukhanya okwiiveki ezintathu phambi kokutyala okucetywayo. Kungcono ukwakha iidracks kunye neebhokisi ngaphambili, ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela okufanayo kokukhanya kunye nokuphuphuma umoya. Kwimeko yeqondo eliphantsi lokushisa komoya, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela ii-tubers kwiqhwa, zibandakanya nge-spunbond okanye utshani.

Inketho yesibini kukukhawulela ukufikelela ekukhanyeni kweiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokufika. Indawo yokuhlala kwiishelulo zifana nendlela eyenziwa ngayo ekukhanyeni okusabalalisa, ngokuthe kwahluke kuphela ukuba iibhubhu ezixutywe zifakwe ngokukhawuleza nge-tarpaulin eninzi okanye ifilimu emnyama. Emva kokuba izinto zokutyala "zivuke" (amachashaza amhlophe avela phezulu kweetatate), kufuneka ususe intonga kwaye uphumelele kwigumbi.

Inketho yesithathu yanda ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwigumbi apho kugcinwa khona imali yembewu. Le nkunkuma iqala iiveki ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba kutyalwe, ukushisa kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kufike ku-8 ° C. Xa ubude behluma buphakathi kwe-1-2 mm (akukho ngaphezu kwe-5 mm), ukunyuka okunyuka kwimobushushu kufuneka kuphelelwe. Emva koko, gcina igumbi kwindawo yokugcina ifom.

Ukukhuthazwa okongeziweyo kokukhula

Kwiintsuku ezilishumi zokuqala kwenkqubo, kufuneka ukushiya impahla yokutyala kwindawo yokushisa ye-8-12 ° C emnyama. Emva kokuvela kweemveliso ezinama-3-5 mm ubude, kubalulekile ukuqala ukukhanyisa ii-tubers 8-12 iiyure ngosuku kwaye ziphakamisa izinga lokushisa ukuya kwi-12-18 ° C, ngelixa i-humidity yamanani ifanele ibe ngama-80-90%. Njengomthombo wokukhanya, ungasebenzisa kokubili ukukhanya kwendalo kunye nokukhanyisa okanye izibani ze-fluorescent. Ulawulo olunjalo lugcinwe iintsuku ezingama-20-25.

Iphutha eliqhelekileyo lokuba abakhiqizi bezinto zokutshala amazambane bavumela ukutyala ukusuka kwigumbi elifudumele ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwindawo evulekile. Phantse iveki ngaphambi kokutyala ii-tubers kufuneka zipholile kwiqondo lokushisa lika-6-8 ° C, eliza kuphepheka uxinzelelo olushushu emva kokutyala emhlabathini owubanda entwasahlobo. Ukupholisa, izilimo eziyizigaxa zingafakwa kwiibhotile kwiipallets ezikhethekileyo okanye kwiiplastiki ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezinezimbobo zokungena.