Ukusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo. Irhasi yendalo: ukubunjwa, iimpawu

Yintoni esiyaziyo kwi hydrocarbon? Kulungile, kukuba kukho into kule nkqubo yesikolo chemistry, kodwa maxa wambi tshe kumajelo eendaba elithi "meta" ... Yintoni esiyaziyo igesi yendalo, ukongeza iimpahla zazo umonakalo? Yintoni na ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi irhasi yendalo, ukongeza kakuhle eyaziwa kuthi ukupheka nokotha okanye kwizakhiwo zokuhlala? Kwenzeka ntoni ehlabathini ukhuseleko lwamandla namandla?

iipropati key

Okokuqala, ukuba ibinzana odumileyo malunga ivumba igesi indlu okanye esitalatweni ayikho kakhulu echanekileyo. Xa igesi yendalo, nto leyo inikezelwa kuthi ekuphekeni okanye ezindlini ukufudumeza amanzi, akukho incasa, akukho ivumba. Yintoni siziva, akukho nto ngaphandle additive ekhethekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuze kube nokugqitywa evuzayo igesi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-odorant, idityaniswa kwizityalo ngokukhethekileyo enakho olinganise zilandelayo: 16 mg amawaka nganye cubic metres yerhasi.

Icandelo ephambili yerhasi yendalo, Kakade ke, methane. umxholo wayo umxube igesi malunga 89-95%, amanye amacandelo - i butane, propane, emanzini wabiza njalo-ukungcola - uthuli kunye namacandelo zomelele, ioksijini kunye nitrogen. Ipesenti Umxholo methane kuxhomekeke kuhlobo dipozithi.

Amandla irhasi yendalo zakhutshwa ngexesha ukutshiswa omnye cubic meter amafutha ibizwa ngokuba ubushushu omlilo. Eli xabiso yenye ephambili kuzo zonke iinkalo ekuyileni amaziko igesi, kwaye kumazwe ahlukeneyo zithathwa njengesiseko amaxabiso awahlukeneyo. ERashiya, ukubala senziwe kwi ixabiso calorific net, kumazwe Western, afana France neBritani - phezu aphezulu.

Ethetha igesi umonakalo yendalo, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye amagama afana imida neziqhushumbisi kunye yingozi lamanani. edubulayo igesi a xi kwelo gumbi kwaye ukususela-5 ukuya kwi-15% ngo umthamo. Ukuba ingqondo lisezantsi, irhasi akabi, ukuba xi ingaphezulu kwe-15%, lo mxube igesi-umoya itshisa kwi ubonelelo umoya olongezelelweyo. yoxinaniso Eyingozi kuthiwa 1/5 komda omncinci umonakalo, ngamanye-1%.

Usekela iintlobo kunye nokusebenzisa igesi yendalo

Butane kunye propane ziye isicelo zibe kukudla izithuthi (irhasi yohlobo lwepetroliyam). Kwakhona, propane esetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa lighter. Methane njengokuba zamafutha kunqabile isetyenziswa njenge ekrwada ekuveliseni polyethylene eziphathekayo. Iasithilini yi olunokutsha kakhulu kwaye asetyenziswe ukuwelda kunye nokuphungula zesinyithi. Ukusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo, ukuba ngqo - methane, esele thethwane, lisetyenziswa zibe kukudla enokutsha e Iizilebhu, iikholam kunye boilers.

Imidlalo eziveliswe igesi yendalo

Ngokutsho iintlobo ze gesi kufunxwa yahlulwe gas okanye kudluliswe. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo kuxhomekeke ipesenti hydrocarbon. Xa igesi Fields isiqulatho methane malunga 80-90%, e simahla okanye, njengoko ezibizwa ngokuba kunjalo, "ioli", umxholo wayo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-50%. I-50% eseleyo - igesi propane-butane yaye wahluliwe igesi ekrwada. Enye bobubi enkulu irhasi ezinxulumene evela endle kufuneka nokususwa ukungcola ezahlukeneyo. Ukufumana igesi yendalo ngayo Kwakhona enxulumene nemveliso of helium. iidipozithi ezinjalo zinqabile, igesi helium kugqalwa kangangoko uzipholisa zamandla zenyukliya. Isalfure ukhululekile kuwo emanzini hydrogen yaveliswa njengoko yegesi ukungcola kwakhona ukusetyenziselwa iinjongo zoshishino.

Isixhobo iphambili ekuvelisweni kwegesi yendalo a isixhobo sokugrumba. Le nqaba ezine-inemilenze malunga-20-30 iimitha eliphezulu. Kuba kubhaliwe lunqunyanyisiwe ukusuka kumbhobho drill ekupheleni. Le umbhobho luyanda olwandayo ubunzulu equleni, lo gama ukugrumba le wellbore ethumela ulwelo eyodwa uhlobo yayo fracturable amanqaku. Le infeed yamanzi ngoncedo iimpompo ezizodwa. Kakade ke, iindleko irhasi yendalo kuquka iindleko ukusebenza kunye nokwakhiwa imithombo yerhasi. Ukususela 40 ukuya kuma-60% yeendleko lixabiso nje oko.

Indlela ukuza kuthi kwigesi?

Ngenxa yoko, emva kokushiya indawo yemveliso, irhasi okuhlamba yendalo inikezelwa kowokuqala kwisikhululo ucinezelo, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, intloko. Le ebekwe ubukhulu becala kummandla idipozithi. Ufakelo usebenzisa igesi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu Kukho Asikokungena imibhobho buti. Ukugcina xi kwangaphambili kwi imibhobho eziphambili efakiweyo station booster isiguquli. Ekubeni lo xi umbhobho nqanawa iindidi ngaphakathi izixeko ezingavumelekanga phambi kokuba isebe ngalinye imiselwe isixeko esikhulu. Kuye, ke, kuphakamisa kwaye zehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Inxalenye kokuba aphele ngabathengi ezinkulu gas - izityalo mveliso, izicokisi, kwibhoyila. Enye inxalenye esiya yokophula ebizwa njalo-hydraulic - izitishi nokwabiwa igesi. Apho, xi uvikivwa kwakhona. Apho ukusebenzisa igesi yendalo kuwe mna kakhulu aqhelekileyo noluqondakalayo? Le nesitovu cookers.

uye waba nathi ixesha elingakanani?

ukusebenzisa igesi yendalo Active asuka phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa zisiza zerhasi kokusungulwa. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa lokuqala akukho impela kuthi. Ekuqaleni kuso izibane ezitalatweni. ESoviet Union de kube sekupheleni imi--30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, akazange ayisekho kushishino igesi elizimeleyo. emasimini gesi esafunyanwa ngengozi, kuphela Ukuhlolwa imithombo yeoli. ukusetyenziswa Active yerhasi yendalo sele iqalile nephulo leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ukungabikho amafutha, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yamalahle kwaye neoli amasimi, wanikela negalelo onamandla kuphuhliso lwamashisini esisi. Emva kwemfazwe, ishishini irhasi yendalo ayenziwa yaye yaba ngomnye kakhulu amandla ombane kancinci.

ayikho enye indlela

Mhlawumbi bungqina ngenzuzo irhasi yendalo njengomthombo wamandla kakhulu lula zizalathisi eMoscow. uqhagamshelo Gas avumelekile yonke imihla ukugcina million omnye cubic metres iinkuni, million 0.65 iitoni amalahle, iitoni 150,000 of separafini kwaye phantse oil amafutha. Kwaye konke oku liye lathatyathelw kwesigidi esi-1. Cubic metres. igesi m. Oku kulandelwe gasification ngokuthe ngcembe kweli lizwe kunye ukukhangela iidipozithi ezintsha. Kamva, le zigcine igesi zifunyenwe eSiberia, apho asebenza unanamhla.

isicelo industrial

Ukusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo ayiphelelanga ekulungiseleleni ukutya - nangona ngokungathanga ngqo, oko isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ubushushu kumakhaya. Uninzi boilers ezinkulu yaseYurophu zikamasipala eRussia bayisebenzisa na irhasi yendalo njengoko amafutha ephambili.

Kwakhona, igesi yendalo liya kusetyenziswa kwishishini kwemichiza njengoko izinto ekrwada ukwenzela ukuvelisa izinto ezahlukeneyo organic. Liyanda inani yamaRefa izithuthi abaphuhlisa iimoto kumafutha ezizezinye, kubandakanywa hydrogen kunye negesi yendalo.

Gas ukusola kuphela

Kweli qela eziphilayo, irhasi yendalo kuqwalaselwa omnye yeentlobo ikhuselekileyo epetroli organic. Noko ke, udibaniso igesi kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi bomntu kunye ukutshisa ezilandelayo kukhokelele ekwandeni ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokuqulathwe le carbon dioxide apha emoyeni. Kungenjalo, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba 'yi greenhouse effect. " Le nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwimozulu komhlaba wethu. Nangona kunjalo, ubugcisa ezintsha kunye neqondo kwezemveliso kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukunciphisa izinga eliphezulu ezikhutshwa. Khumbula igesi - enye zokubasa ezikhuselekileyo.