Ukuphuhlisa ingqalelo: kwingcingane yobudala pre-school

Ingqalelo ekuqaleni ukuphuhlisa kubantwana abaselula kakhulu isekhona xesha lweentsana. Okona kubalulekileyo, ekubeni yintoni ingqalelo umntwana - oko incum sikanina otyisa kuye, unika ingqiqo lobukho nonina. Ngokuthe ngcembe, imbono kule ndawo ufumana ubuso bakhe, izandla, iinwele kunye nomzimba; oyinxalenye umfanekiso epheleleyo yamanani yabazali. Xa ukudibana namanye amalungu entsapho ukuthetha, ukudlala, uthabathe phezu kwezandla zakhe, gqolo kuyilwa ingqalelo ngokuzenzekelayo. Psychology umisela ukuba Ngenyanga yesithathu yobomi umntwana ayiphendule ukuvuselelwa entsonkothileyo abantu abaliqela: a uyise, nonina, nomncedisi ongumSuthu, umakhulu okanye ubhuti (udade). Attention span ziyanda, kodwa uhlala ixesha elide mbulo, ie Oku kuxhomekeke kwindlela umdla into umntwana.

Nge ubudala, kukho ingqalelo kuphuhliso. Psychology yobudala zabasakhasayo itsalela ingqalelo uzinzo kunye utshintshayo. Le Dynamics uzinzo ingatshekishwa ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso elula zokuphuhlisa amaphephancwadi eyodwa:

1. Lo mntwana inikezwa isibini imifanekiso kunye iiyantlukwano embalwa leminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Lo msebenzi lokuqala usenokucelwa ukuba ukwenza kunye nokusetyenziswa imizobo apho kukho 10 umahluko, kwaye kwixesha elilandelayo, ukwandisa inani labo ku-15.

2. Imizekeliso akhethwa umxholo ngqiqweni kwaye banikwa umsebenzi: igama lumelwe ngokuchanekileyo.

3. abangekaqali esikolweni zinika ukupeyinta imifanekiso inxalenye nedorisovannoy yesibini. Ukukwazi ukukhetha umbala, ukuba benze umsebenzi phambi kokuba isiphelo ibonisa ukuba Ukuzinza ingqalelo iba izinzile.

Ukuphazamiseka ekwenzeni umsebenzi, ukungabikho umntwana elibekwa uphando. Imizila kunokubonwa kuthelekiswa kwithuba yobudala elidlulileyo.

Mbono LS ingqalelo Vygotsky, DB Elkonin Utitshala uncedo uthole check ingqalelo mediation umfundi. Kuba oku uthotho lwemibuzo, yaye zichazwe ngokwemigaqo midlalo ayikwazi kothiwa ungomncinanana iimpendulo ezimhlophe oluhlaza. Umzekelo, "Yintoni umbala ibutyani? ugqirha igawuni? "Le ixesha elininzi umntwana okuchitha imibuzo reflection, khangela iimpendulo, engasakufuni liqulunqe i ingqalelo ngqo. Psychology uyazi imizekelo emininzi abantwana ngokwabo baba olu hlobo ingqalelo, ukudlala imidlalo, "Ewe yaye akukho nto kuthi abamnyama nabamhlophe musa ukubiza", "iimpukane - ngaba fly", "ezityiwayo - hayi ezityiwayo" kunye nabanye.

Kuyenzeka ukuba ngaxeshanye ukuphuhlisa yokuqhelaniswa labantwana kwi ephepheni kunye nesakhono ukuze ukuswitsha kuloliwe uwabe ingqalelo. Psychology umfundi junior kunceda ukukhuthaza izenzo ezinjalo, oko kukhuthaza uqeqesho olusemgangathweni esikolweni. Iinkonzo ezinikezelwa phantsi emlonyeni abadala baqhube ukuzoba, ukuzoba umgca kwiseli phantsi, ekunene okanye phezulu. Umphumo iya kuba sistring okanye umfanekiso le patheni ephepheni. Kungenjalo, lo msebenzi ikwabizwa ngokuba "lobizelo Elkonin", nto leyo ikhutshwa phandle ngokujonga inqanaba lokulungela kwabantwana esikolweni.

Abazali abaninzi bayazi ukuba umgangatho kunye izidlo ezifezekileyo nako ukunceda ukuphuhlisa ingqalelo. Psychology - akufani inzululwazi kuphela ejongene ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo ngokwasengqondweni ebantwaneni. Zokudla ukucebisa ngokuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa buthathaka ingqalelo leti kamnandi, ngokuba Iswekile yenye umthombo amandla ebuchotsheni. Ukugcina xi ekucetyiswa Ukutya protein: inyama, intlanzi, iimveliso zobisi, adala imvakalelo kuhluthe ixesha elide, ngaphandle sithwalisa esiswini, ngaphandle ukumqumbisa imbonakalo zokuphumla emva kwesidlo. Ioli yomnquma, iinqoba kunye itshokolethi yimithombo vitamin E, nto leyo inceda ukuvuselela iiseli zengqondo kunye izihlunu ithambo, kuyanceda ukuphelisa buthi, enqanda ukufa luvo ebuchotsheni.

uphuhliso olululo ingqalelo kubantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo kunokwenzeka kunye indlela ehlanganisiweyo: ukuyilwa iinkqubo cognitive ngoncedo imidlalo ezizodwa kunye imithambo, ngomkhondo Dynamics ukuphuculwa zabo kunye nenkxaso umzimba kunye iivithamini ezivuselela uphuhliso ngobuchopho bomntu.